Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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disseminations in chert, disseminations and massive aggregates in qual-tz-exhalite, and as sparse, remobilized disseminations in sulfide-quartz veins crosscutting cleavage in shale and chert. Locally extensive hydrothermal alteration of chert and shale is accompanied by extensive replacement by kaolinite, montmorillonite, sencite, prehnite, fluorite, actinolite, chlorite, calcite. and quartz. Grab samples contain more than 1% Zn, 2% Pb, and 150 glt Ag. The deposit ranges up to 1,800 m long and up to 50 m thick. The host rocks and deposit are extensively faulted and structurally imbricated by many thrust faults which dip moderately south Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Northwestern Brooks Range Metallogenic Belt The Northwestern Brooks Range metallogenic belt of Zn-Pb-Ag SEDEX, bedded barite, kuroko massive sulfide, and vein deposits is hosted in a tectonically disrupted and strongly folded assemblage of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian chert, shale, limestone turbidite, minor tuff, and sparse intermediate to silicic volcanic rocks, mainly keratophyre, named the Kuna Formation by Mull and others (1982). The Kuna Formation is the basal unit of the Kagvik sequence of Churkin and others (1979) and the Kagvik terrane of Jones and others (1987), and part of the DeLong Mountains terrane of the Arctic Alaska superterrane of Moore and others (1 994). Thls unit, and younger, late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic cherts and shales are interpreted either as a deepwater, allochthonous oceanic assemblage (Churkin and others, 1979; Nokleberg and Winkler, 1982; Lange and others, 1985), or as an assemblage deposited in an intracratonic basin (Mull and others, 1982; Mayfield and others, 1983; Schmidt, 1997a). Herein, the SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag, bedded barite, and kuroko volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Northwestern Brooks Range belt are interpreted as forming during a short-lived period of Late Miss~ssipp~an and Early Pennsylvanian rifting or back-arc spreading that was possibly associated with a short-lived continental-mar,' oln arc. South of the maln east-west-trending belt of SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag and bedded barite deposits are a group of sulfide vein deposits at Story Creek, Whoopee Creek, and Frost, and a Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit at Omar. The vein deposits generally consist of sphalerite and galena in association with quartz and minor carbonate gangue In veins and fractures (Ellersieck and others, 1982; Mayfield and others, 1983; Schmidt, 1997b). The vein deposits occur in the middle Paleozoic continental-margin sedimentary rocks of the Arctic Alaska superterrane. The veins and fractures occur in 1.5-3-km long linear zones which cross tightly folded strata, indicating an epigenetic origin (Schmidt, 1997b). No tonnage and grade data are available. Insufficient data preclude assignment of these deposits to a specific mineral deposit type. The vein deposits are interpreted by some workers as the possible feeders to the Zn-Pb SEDEX deposits and as having possibly formed during dewatering of the same source basin (Schmidt, 1993). However, this interpretation is contradicted by the field relation in which the vein deposits cross tightly-folded strata, indicating formation of veins after Cretaceous deformation of the strata. Pennsylvanian Metallogenic Belts (320 to 286 Ma; Figures 31, 32) Overview The major Pennsylvanian metallogenic belts in the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera are summarized in table 3 and portrayed on figures 29 and 30. The major belts are as follows. (1) In the Russian Southeast, the Laoelin-Grodekovsk (LG) belt, which contains granitic-magmatism-related deposits, is hosted in the Laoelin-Grodekovsk island- arc terrane. This belt is interpreted as forming during subduction-related granitic plutonism that formed the Laoelin-Grodekovsk island arc, part of Khanka superterrane. (2) In the Russian Northeast, the Aluchin (AC) and Ust-Belaya (UB) belts contain podiform Cr deposits and are hosted mainly in fragments of ophiolites that are preserved in the Aluchin, and Penzhina-Anadyr subduction-zone terranes, respectively. The Aluchin belt is interpreted as forming in Oceanic lithosphere preserved in Aluchin subuction zone that was tectonically linked to Alazeya island arc. The Ust-Belaya belt is interpreted as forming in Oceanic lithosphere preserved in Penzhina Anadyr subuction zone that was tectonically linked to Koni-Murgal continental margin and island arc. (3) In northwestern Alaska, the Northwestern Brooks Range metallogenic belt, which contains SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag., kuroko volcanogenic massive sulfide, bedded barite, and sulfide vein deposits, continued to form. (4) In Southern Alaska, the Alaska Range-Wrangell Mountains (ARW) and Ketchikan (KK) belts, which contain granitic-magmatism-related deposits and kuroko massive sulfide deposits, are hosted in the Wrangellia superterrane, and are interpreted as forming in the short-lived Skolai island arc. In the below descriptions of metallogenic belts, a few of the noteable or signficant lode deposits (table 4) are described for each belt.
Figwe 31. Gmaalized map of major Pennsylvanian metahgenic belts a d &manes for Russian Far Em northern Japan, and adjtlet4t oflbbre tiraw. Rbfbr to text for description of metallogenic belts. Adapted from Noklebtrg and Mhers (1997b, 1998). Refer to figwe 2 &r e x p ~ o a HaaWagdc-Tmtank Model tor PenmsyRrankn (32b to ZW b, Figure 33) Drying the Pennsylvanian (320 to 286 Ma), the major metallogenic-tectonic events were (table 3): (1) in- &the ddtwparts of SWnia-QwmeIliaan: (Stikinia and Quesnellia terranes) and associated subduction zone in ttBe YUkW-T$m%W and Kmtaay (KO) temrrnes in an area offshore of the North American Craton Margin (NAM); and (2) formstion of tb S h ~ isM ate and assxirated mtdbgmic belt, and associated subduction zone in the Wrangellia supertenme. Sahentatiom . conhued along the pawive continental margins of North Asia and North America. Out of the field of view offigure 33 was formation ofthe Ladh-Ch-vsk (LG) metallogenic belt, which contains granitic-magmatism-related deposits amd which fonnd in the L.welh-Gmbkovsk idand-arc terrane.
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
Page 50 and 51: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 52 and 53: from crystalline basement of craton
Page 54 and 55: Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
Page 56 and 57: McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
Page 58 and 59: [..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
Page 60 and 61: Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
Page 62 and 63: .- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
Page 64 and 65: Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
Page 68 and 69: several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
Page 70 and 71: Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
Page 72 and 73: WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
Page 74 and 75: interpreted by and as part of a ext
Page 76 and 77: Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
Page 78 and 79: interpreted as vents. The deposit c
Page 86 and 87: hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
Page 88 and 89: origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
Page 92 and 93: Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
Page 94 and 95: Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
Page 96 and 97: 1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
Page 98 and 99: FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
Page 102 and 103: U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
Page 104 and 105: terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
Page 108 and 109: Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
Page 110 and 111: . I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
Page 112 and 113: Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
Page 114 and 115: individual flows range from 5 cm to
Page 116 and 117: occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
Page 118 and 119: along the with tectonically-related
Page 120 and 121: : m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
Page 122 and 123: island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
Page 124 and 125: -- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
Page 126 and 127: (TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
Page 128 and 129: (4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 130 and 131: lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
Page 134 and 135: Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
Page 138 and 139: (5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 140 and 141: Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
Page 142 and 143: continental-margin terranes which w
Page 144 and 145: Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 148 and 149: Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
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olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
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Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
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- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
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Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
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immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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which would be hosted in the early
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Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
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Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
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I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
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.r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
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closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
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- Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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intrude and crosscut both the relat
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Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
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Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
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metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
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Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
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Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
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Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
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Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
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A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
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0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
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others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
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Cross section - - South greisen zon
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198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
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Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
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CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
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0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
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Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
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extension. The Coryell Suite is int
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elated deposits. Forming in the bac
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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(5) A major orthogonal junction for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
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Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
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lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
Page 350 and 351:
MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
Page 354 and 355:
Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
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Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
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1993: British Columbia Geological S
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Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
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Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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