Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greisen Deposif The classic Lost River Sn-W skarn and Sn greisen deposit (fig. 107) (Dobson, 1982; Hudson and Arth, 1%3; Reed, . -Y Menzie, and others, 1989; Newbeny and others, 1997) consists of several prospects and one mine in veins, skarns, greisens, and intrusion breccia formed above a shallow Late Cretaceous granite stock that intruded thick sequence of Early Ordovician limestone and argillaceous limestone. Early-stage andradite-idoerase skarn and later fluorite-magnetite-idocrase vein skanns are altered to chlorite-carbonate assemblages which are conlanporaneous with fonnatlon of cassiterite-bearing Sn greisen. The major ore minerals in skarn and greisen are cassiterite and wol~te, and lesser stamite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and molybdenite, plus a wide variety of other oonlect metasomatic and alteration minerals, The K-Ar isotopoic age of the granite is 80.2 Ma. Production of 320 tomes Sn occurred mostly Gom 1951 to 1956 from underground workings a few hundred meters deep along the Cassiterite dike, a near-vertical rhyolite dike which is utlensively altered to greisea over the buried granite. Similar smaller deposits nearby incLu.de Sn greisen and veins near the Tin Creek Granite md various polyme=tallic veins and skams near the Brooks Mountain Granite. A large beryUium &posit occurs peripheral to the skams and consists of Limestone replaced by fluorite-white mica veins which cwkm diaspore, cbrysokryl. and tourmaline. The Be deposit is probably associated with early stages of granite intrusion. Some plaeer Sn was recovered from creek below Lost River mine. A major exploratioa program in early 1970's drilled several large Sn-W-fluorite-Bt are bodies. The dcpasit contains estimated reserves of 25 million tonnes grading 0.15% Sn, 0.03% WO,, 16.3% CaF2 (WGM, Inc., written commun., 1975). Felsic Plutonic U and Sandstone U deposHs A complex, multi-phase, fe1si.c plutonic U depoait occurs at Eagle Creek and a sandstone U deposit occurs at Death Valley, both in the eastern part of the S e d Peninsula. The felsic plutonic deposit consists of disseminated U-, Th-, and REEminerals, which occur along tfbe margins of alkaline dikes hdod hto a Cretaceous granite pluton aod adjacent wall mb (Miller, 1976; Miller and Bunker. 1976). The DeaU ValJey sandstone U deposit consists mainly of metaautunite in Paleocene sandstone along the margin of a Tertiary sedimentary basin (Dickinson and Cunmghn, 1984; Dickinson and others, 1987). The U in the sandstone probably was transporld by groundwater hrn Cretaceous granitoid plutons to the west (Dichson and Cunningham, 1984). Origin of and Tectonic Controk for Seward Peninsula Metallogenic Belt The felsic-magmatism-related deposits of Seward Peninsuh metdogcnic belt generally occur in, or adjacent to, moderate or highly sil~clc granites of latest Cretacaous ape (Hubon and Arth, 1983; Nokleberg and others, 1995a). 'The porphyry Mo, felsic plutonic U, and polymetallic vein deposits occur in shghtly older and slightly less silic~ous granites, whereas the Sn granite and associated deposits occur in slightly younger and more siiicic deposits. The granites associated with both groups of deposits are interpreted as forming during assimilation of the continental, Late Proterozoic and early and middle Paleozoic metmtsedimentary rocks of the Seward metamorphosed continental margin &mane (Hudson and Mh, 1983; Swanson and OM, 1988). Alternatively, on the basis of trace element data, the Sn granite and related deposits are interpreted as forming during crwtal extension (Newbeny and others, 1997b). On the basis of similar geochemistry, age, and spatial proximity, the host Late Cretaceous granitic rocks oa he Sewad Peninsular are interpreted as part of the eastern edge of the Qkhotsk-Chukotka volcanic-plutonic belt which horn the Seward Peninsula metallogenic belt extends for 3000 km along western margin of Sea of Okhotsk (Nokleberg and others, 2000). The Seward Peninsula metallogenic belt and the nearby Northwestern Koyukuk Basin metallogenic belt of felsic plutonic U deposits, described below, are interpreted herein as the eastern extension of the Eastern-Asian-Arctic metallogenic belt in the Russian Far East (figs. 102, 103). The Seward Peninsula metallogenic belt with Sn granite and related deposits, is correlated with the Chsun zone of the Eastern Asia metallogenic belt which contains similar deposits to the west in the Russian Northeast (fig. 102). Northwestern Koyukuk Badn M-llogenk Belt of Felsic Plutonic U and Manto-Replacement (Polymetallic Pn-Zn, Au) Deposits (Belt NWK) West-Central Alaska The Northweslun Koyukuk Basin metallogenic belt of fefelsic plutonic U and manto-replacemmt @olymetdlic Pn-a Au) deposits (fig. 103, tables 3,4) occurs in the Purcell district and adjacent area in the northwestern Koyukuk Basin in westanhal Alaska. The metallogenic belt is hosted in the part of tbe region underlain by the Late Cretaceous Hog;atza plutonic belt (Miller, 1994). The significant f&ic plutonic U deposits in the belt arc? at Clear C~ek Wheeler Creek, aod h e klills (table 4) (Miller and Elliott, 1969; Miller, 1976; Jones, 1977; Nokleberg and others 1997a, b, 1998). These felsic plutonic U deposits and bast plutonic rocks are interpreted as the extreme northeastern end of the Okbolsk-Chukotka volcani~plutonic belt of the Russian Far hat (Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c, 2000). Also occwTing in the metallogenic belt is a plymetallic (Au-Pb-Zn) vein and manto replacements(?) in the Illinois Creek area which produced 957 kg Au &om 1997 to 1999, and is isotopically dated at 1 I1 Ma, about the same age as the nearby Khotol pluton (Flanigan, 1998). a
Cross section W I Zone of vein density 5;10°!; * dominantly fluor~te-whlte mlca veins Zone of vein density 10-30%; rn fluorite-white mica veins Zone of vein density 10-30%: abundant hydrous skarn Zone of veindensity >30%: rn most early skarn and abundant hvdrous skam I c 3 Clay-matrix breccia it 1 A , A 4 Muscovite-matrix breccia I Muscovite-quartz-tourmaline greisen ...... Quartz-topaz-tourmaline greisen / Quartz porphyry dike I i. I Leucogranite - Diabase dike Ordovician carbonate rocks / Normal fault *-- - a a Geologic contact Figure 107. Lost River Sn-W skarn and Sn greisen deposit, Seward Peninsula metallogenic belt, Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Schematic geologic map and cross section. Adapted from Dobson (1982) and Hudson and Reed (1997).
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
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Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
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FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
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island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
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-- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
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(TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
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(4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
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Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
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(5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
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continental-margin terranes which w
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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
Page 214 and 215: I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
Page 216 and 217: Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
Page 218 and 219: The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
Page 220 and 221: olistolith. The deposit is currentl
Page 222 and 223: the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
Page 224 and 225: Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
Page 226 and 227: Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
Page 228 and 229: - El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
Page 230 and 231: Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
Page 232 and 233: immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
Page 234 and 235: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 236 and 237: which would be hosted in the early
Page 238 and 239: Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
Page 240 and 241: 0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
Page 242 and 243: Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
Page 244 and 245: I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
Page 246 and 247: .r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
Page 248 and 249: closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
Page 250 and 251: - Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
Page 252 and 253: intrude and crosscut both the relat
Page 254 and 255: Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
Page 256 and 257: Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
Page 258 and 259: metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
Page 260 and 261: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 262 and 263: Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 266 and 267: Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
Page 268 and 269: Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
Page 270 and 271: Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
Page 272 and 273: Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
Page 274 and 275: A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
Page 276 and 277: 0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
Page 278 and 279: others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
Page 280 and 281: Cross section - - South greisen zon
Page 282 and 283: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 284 and 285: 198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
Page 286 and 287: Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
Page 288 and 289: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 290 and 291: CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
Page 292 and 293: n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
Page 294 and 295: Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
Page 296 and 297: 0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
Page 298 and 299: Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
Page 300 and 301: Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
Page 302 and 303: million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
Page 304 and 305: extension. The Coryell Suite is int
Page 306 and 307: elated deposits. Forming in the bac
Page 308 and 309: Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 310 and 311: Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
Page 312 and 313: Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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(5) A major orthogonal junction for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
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Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
Page 348 and 349:
lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
Page 350 and 351:
MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
Page 354 and 355:
Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
Page 359 and 360:
Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
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1993: British Columbia Geological S
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Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
Page 367 and 368:
Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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