Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoid rocks in this igneous belt range in age from Latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary; the largest events occurred in the early Tertiary (Moll-Stalcup, 1994). The significant deposlts in the belt are (table 4) (Nokleberg and others 1997a, b, 1998): a porphyry Cu deposit at Kijik River in the Bristol Bay District; a porphyry Cu-Au deposit at Pebble Copper in westem-southem Alaska; and polymetall~c vein, Au-Ag breccia pipe, or porphyry Cu-Au deposit at the Golden Zone in the Chulitna district (Nokleberg and others. 1993). Other deposits in the belt are: Ag-Pb-Au (Cu) skam deposits at Bowser, Sheep Creek, Tin Creek, and Rat Fork Creek In the Farewell District; various ALL-Ag polymetallic veln, porphyry Cu, and porphyry Cu- Mo deposrts at Nlm, Nimbus, Ready Cash, and Silver King in the Chulitna district and at Treasure Creek; various polymetallic vein and porphyry Cu deposits at Bonanza Hills, Nabesna Glacier, and Partin Creek; a porphyry Mo deposit at Miss Molly (Hayes Glacier); a Cu-Au skam deposit at Zackly in the Valdez Creek district (fig. 113; table 4); a Sn greisen and Sn vein deposits at Boulder Creek (Purkeypile), Coal Creek, Ohio Creek, and Sleitat (fig. 114; table 4); and a carbonate-hosted Hg(?) deposlt at White Mountains. Cross section , . , . . . . , , . . . , . 2 . . . : < . . . r , . , . , , . 1 . .( r . . . Conglomerate (Tertiary) Skarn 1 Hornblende hornfels t Porphyritic quartz Cretaceous monzodiorite Quartz monzodiorite to quartz monzon~te Marble 1 1 Northern metabasalt t Southern metabasalt Fault Contact Triassic Figure 113. Zackly Cu-Au sk8rn depoeit. Southern Neska metdlogenic belt, Southem Alaska. S m e gmk!gic mapand cross section. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1986), md Nevhfry and olhers (f897).
i Tln Creek Cu-Pb-Zn Sknn Deposit The Tin Creek Cu-Pb-Zn skarn deposit (fig. 1 15) (Szurnigala, 1987; Newberry and others, 1997a) consi* of pyroxenerich skm with abundnpl sphalerite and minor chalcopyrite, and garnet skarn with chalcopyrite and minor qhaletile; and locally abundant cpibte and amphble. The pyroxene skarn is distal, and the garnet skarn is proximal to an extensive Tertiary &cite to andesite poprhyry dike swam thar intnrdes polydeformed, middle Paleozoic contact metamorphosed, claslic a d carbwak mck. The skam hms small. discontinuous bodies up to 3 m wide along dikes, as manto replacement in marble, and as irrephrbadies along along thrust and high-angle faults. The skams are zoned, w~th garnet-chalcopyrite-rich skarn proximal to the dike swam cenler, a& pyroxem-awerite-richskam distal to the dike swarm. Garnet-rich skam grades 0.5- 1% Cu and 1-2 ozti A& and neghgible Zn and Pb. Pyroxene-rich sharn generally contains 5-20% Zn, 0.1-3% Pb, 0.5-2% Cu, and 2-9 oalt Ag. In a aingle oulcrop, skarn proxcne bccom mare Fe-rich, and sulfides increase towards marble. Sulfide veins occw locally in dikes md I w d rocks. Many dikes are lacking associated skarn, and many dikes possess skarn only along one contect.'lhe deposit has a resource of an estimated 230,000 tonnes with 16% combined Pb and Zn. I I The Kijik River porphyry Cuckposit consists of a large area of low-grade, disseminated chalcopyrite, pyrite, d minor molybdenite which o m in and @amnt to an early Tertiary dacite porphyry (Eakins and others, 1978; Nelson and others, 1985; T.K. &adken, writtea commun., 1984). The deposit contains a distinctive orange gossan which extends over a 3 k d area. The gossan contains an exiensive sbckwork, and zones of sericite and silicic alteration and sulfides. The stockwart varies from weak I to intense, cansuts mainly of quartz a d sulfide minerals, and is developed both in the dacite porphyry and in overlying vdcanic rocks. Evlensive propylitic and silicic alteration occurs in the dacite porphyry. The deposit conlains a possiMe r m e af 90 d o n tomes and some samples containing up to 0.25% Cu and 0.17% Mo (T.K. Bundtzen, written wrnmun, 1984). Gdden Zone Deposit The Golden h e deposit exhibits features common to polymetallic vein, Au-Ag breccia pipe, and porphyry Cu deposits. The sulfide mineralogy consists ~f auriferous arsenopyrite and minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyritc in a quam gangue which fills open spaces in a breccia pipe (Hawley and Clark, 1974; Swainbank and others, 1978; C.C. Hawley. wrilSeR commun., 1985, 1990). The brecia pipe occurs in the highly-fractured central part of an Late Cretaceous early Tertiary quartz diorib porphyry. The are zone is about 125 m in diameter. At the surface, high-grade mineralization occurs in a breccia pipe whicb is approximately 75 m wide. Abundant polymetallic veins occur adjacent to the porphyry. The breccia pipe coatains an estimated 8.9 million toones gradmg 3.2 g/t Au and minor Cu and Ag. The deposit contains an inferred reserve of 1.6 inision tomes grading 5.2 glt Au, and 0.5% Cu. An dd mine at the deposit produced 50 kg Au, 267 kg Ag, and 19 tonnes Cu. The dioritc porphyry has been dated at 68 Ma (Swainbank ad others, 1978) and intrudes Permian to Jurassic sedimentary rocks of the Chulitna (opbiolite) terranc, a faull-bounded Fragment within the highly-deformed Kahiltna overlap assemblage. Nabesna Glecisr polymeWHc veln(7) deposit The Nabesna Gkier polyrnetallic vein(?) deposit (Richter, 1975) occurs in three contiguous areas whicb contain: (1) quartz veins and veinlets containing pyrite and minor chalcopyrite and sphalerite; (2) a zone of disseminarad malachite and azurite; and (3) a zone of iateme ahralion and breccia cemented by quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena. The w i t occw in late Paleozoic melavolcanic porphyry and rnetabasalt flows of the Tetelna Volcanics and may be related to nearby Late Cretaceous and carly Tertiary granihid plutons and dikes. Sn and Mo Lode Deposits Hosted by Granitoid plutons o.f McKinley Sequence A distinctive group of Sn-greisen, polymetallic vein, and porphyry Mo deposits occur in part of the southem Alaska metallogenic belt at Boulder Creek, Ohio Creek, Coal Creek, and Treasure Creek (Nokleberg and oihen, 1987, 1988,1993). These d other lesser deposits occur in ar near the early Tertiary McKinley sequence of grade and granodhite plulms, which exhibit a narrow age rage of 55 to 60 Ma (Reed and Lanphere, 1973; Lanphere and Reed, 1985). Many of the McKdey sequence plubons arc peraluminous granites having high initial Sr ratios, suggesting incorporation of Large amounts of cwtd material (Reed and Jspkere, 1973; Lanphere and Reed, 1985). The plutons of the McKinley sequence iatrude the the Wrangellh sequence of the Wrangcllia supterterrane and the Kahiltna overlap assemblage (Jones and others, 1987). Lanphere and Reed (1985) interpreted these graniloid rocks as forming during early Tertiary collision of the Wrangellia composite termne with various parts of the passive continental-mgin Central composite terrane to the north. However, because more recent leclonic analyses suggest this collision occurred in the mid-Cretaceous (Nokleberg and others, 1985, 1994d; Plafker and others, 198%; Phfker a d Bwg, 1994)., tbe McKinley sequence granitoid plutons are herein interpreted as forming dwing tbe crustal conlamhitian d magmas Born early Tertiary subduction along the southern margin of Alaska.
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
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Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
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FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
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island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
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-- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
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(TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
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(4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
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Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
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(5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
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continental-margin terranes which w
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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
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olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
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Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
Page 228 and 229: - El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
Page 230 and 231: Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
Page 232 and 233: immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
Page 234 and 235: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 236 and 237: which would be hosted in the early
Page 238 and 239: Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
Page 240 and 241: 0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
Page 242 and 243: Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
Page 244 and 245: I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
Page 246 and 247: .r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
Page 248 and 249: closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
Page 250 and 251: - Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
Page 252 and 253: intrude and crosscut both the relat
Page 254 and 255: Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
Page 256 and 257: Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
Page 258 and 259: metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
Page 260 and 261: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 262 and 263: Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 264 and 265: Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
Page 266 and 267: Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
Page 268 and 269: Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
Page 270 and 271: Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
Page 272 and 273: Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
Page 274 and 275: A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
Page 276 and 277: 0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
Page 280 and 281: Cross section - - South greisen zon
Page 282 and 283: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 284 and 285: 198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
Page 286 and 287: Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
Page 290 and 291: CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
Page 292 and 293: n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
Page 294 and 295: Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
Page 296 and 297: 0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
Page 298 and 299: Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
Page 300 and 301: Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
Page 302 and 303: million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
Page 304 and 305: extension. The Coryell Suite is int
Page 306 and 307: elated deposits. Forming in the bac
Page 308 and 309: Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 310 and 311: Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
Page 312 and 313: Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
Page 316 and 317: (5) A major orthogonal junction for
Page 318 and 319: Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 320 and 321: occur in these tabular, altered sil
Page 322 and 323: summarlzed above are used by analog
Page 324 and 325: the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
Page 326 and 327: metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
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Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
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lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
Page 350 and 351:
MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
Page 354 and 355:
Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
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Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
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1993: British Columbia Geological S
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Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
Page 367 and 368:
Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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