Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The Chicken Mountain porphyry Au and polymetallic vein deposit (fig. 108) (Bull, 1988; Bundtzen and others. 1992; Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtzen and Miller, 1997) consists of a stockwork of gold-quartz sulfide and sulfide veinlets which occur in tbe cupola of the Chicken Mountain pluton. The pluton is zoned: older, peripheral alkali gabbro and wehrlite is successively intruded by monzonite. syenite, and local quartz monzonlte. A dumbbell-shaped alteration zone of peripheral ankerite and sericite surrounds most of the known parts of the deposit. Large dolomite replacement zones formed synchronously with a sulfide mineral assemblage which includes arsenopyrite, stibnite, cinnabar, scheelite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, various sulfosalts, and arsenopyrite. The sulfide minerals rarely comprise more than 5% of veins in the stockwork, and the veins typically are about 1 to 2 cm thick. An apparent temperature-pressure zonation exists as determined by mineral assemblage, alteration, and fluid inclusion data (Bundtzen and others, 1992). A deuteric magmatic event which contained elevated Ta and Sn values was followed by formation of a black sulfide breccia rich in Cu and Mo; which was in turn followed by emplacement of As-W-Au veins and stockwork and Pb-Au-Sb sulfosalts. A final Sb-Au (Hg) quartz vein episode overprinted the older mineralizing events. K-Ar isotopic ages for both plutonic rocks and mineral veins average about 69.5 Ma. A secondary biotite age of 63.5 Ma from the Golden Horn deposit (Bundtzen and Miller, 1997) may postdate the late-stage Sb (Hg) epithermal vein mineralization. A drilling program conducted in 1989 through 1990 suggests a reserve of 14.5 million tonnes grading 1.2 g/t Au, 0.09% Cu, and 0.46% Sb to a depth of about 200 m (Bundtzen and others, 1992). Cirque, Tolstoi, Bismarck Creek, and Win Sn-Ag Polymetallic Deposits Sn-Ag-polymetallic deposits occur in the Beaver Mountains (fig. 109) west of McGrath, and in other areas of the Kuskokwim Mountains (Bundtzen and Laird, 1982; Miller and Bundtzen, 1994; Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Burleigh, 1992a,b; Bundtzen and Miller, 1997). The deposit consist of vein stockworks, replacements, and tourmaline breccias with anomalous Ag, Cu, Pb, W, Sn, Nb, and As, and uncommonly Au. The deposits occurs in both Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons and in overlying contact-metamorphic hornfel. The significant lode prospects in the Beaver Mountains occur in a 15 km' area centered on the Cirque and Tolstoi prospects (Bundtzen and Laird, 1982) which are is called the South Quartz Zone by Szumigala (1993). A K-Ar biotite age of 70.3 Ma (Bundtzen and Laird, 1982) is obtained for quartz syenite near the northern margin of the Beaver Mountains pluton. The Cirque and Tolstoi deposits consist of a series of parallel tourmaline-axinite-sulfide fracture fillings and tourmaline-syenite breccia pipes which occur in the cupola of a quartz syenite phase of the Beaver Mountains pluton. Chip- channel samples range up to 2 1.0% Cu, 1.000 g/t Ag, 200 ppm Sn, and 1 g/t Au (Bundtzen and Laird, 1982; Miller and Bundtzen, 1994). The Bismarck Creek deposit occurs in an east-west to northeast-trending zone of tourmaline-axinite-cassiterite-sulfide gossan in hornfels, about 70 km southwest of McGrath (Bundtzen and Miller, 1997). Secondary biotite is locally abundant and occurs in fine network veins and replacement zones in breccia. A 30-meter-wide zone extends for about 300 meters along strike. Based on extensive surface sampling and geological modeling, Bundtzen and Miller (1997) estimate that the Bismarck Creek deposit contains about 500,000 tonnes grading 0.137 percent Sn, 47.8 gramsltonne Ag, 0.26 percent Zn, and anomalous Cu, F, bi, Sb, and In. A nearby Sn granite intrusion on Granite Mountain is radiometrically dated at 6 1 Ma. The Win and Won deposits, each of which contain 5 or more individual occurrences and prospects, are about 35 km apart. Both deposits occur north of McGrath, and contain some of the most important Sn-polymetallic resources in the Kuskokwim Mineral Belt and perhaps in all of Alaska. Both groups of deposits consist of polymetallic-sulfide and quartz- cassiterite assemblages in vein and breccia in quartz-tourmaline hornfels (Burleigh, 1992a. b; Bundtzen and Miller, 1997; Bundtzen, 1999). Although neither the Win nor Won deposits are isotopically dated, both are spatially associated with several sub- volcanic plutons which have isotopic ages ranging from 60 to 70 Ma (Moll and others, 1981). Sulfosalt-rich veins and breccias at the Win deposit contain up to 643 glt Ag, and 6.97 percent Sn, but very little Au. The better studied Won deposit group is estimated to contain 1.94 millon tonnes grading 0.59 percent Sn and 42 g/t Ag. The Win and Won deposits are geologically and morphologically similar to the Bismarck Creek deposit described above. Von Frank Mountain Porphyry Cu-Au Prospect The Von Frank Mountain porphyry Cu-Au prospect (J. DiMarchi, written cornrnun., 1994; Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtzen, 1999) occurs about 100 km northeast of McGrath and consists of stockwork in a quartz diorite and augite-biotite granodiorite. These rocks occur in a down-dropped structural block along the southern limit of a volcanic-plutonic complex exposed at Von Frank Mountain. The stockwork consists of chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite, minor molybdenite, and free gold in quartz-carbonate veins in a cupola of the intrusive system. Alterations are sericite, silica, and dolomite replacements which are similar to those in the Chicken Mountain porphyry Au deposit (Bundtzen and others, 1992). A K-Ar mineral isotopic age of 69.9 Ma was obtained from a granitoid pluton north of the prospect (Moll and others, 1981). Bundtzen (1999) indicates which Cu and Au have a correlation coefficient of 0.92; coefficient values between Au and other metals are much lower. Grades range from 0.5 to 19.1 g/t Au and from 0.05% to 0.45% Cu. One drill hole intercepted about 45 m grading 1.2 g/t Au and 0.08% Cu. The Von Frank Mountain deposit is the most northeastern porphyry deposit known in the Kuskokwim Mountains metallogenic belt.
Surface M~neral~zatron In Chicken Mounta~n Depos~l Area 10 rn chp sarnpl Clot of lourrnahne aneraton - Placer gold deposit I I Alluvrum (Quaternary) 0 Undifferentiated surficial depos~ts (Quaternary) 1 Terrace deposrts (Tertrary) Gabbro and rn monzod~or~te - Monzonrte and zy%il: porphyry r Cretaceous Quartz monzonite Andesite and basaltic mi andesite Homfels J Kuskokwim Group, shallow water faues n / Fault + Anticline Syncline / Dikes 1 Contact -r 60 Strike and dip of bedding p Monzonite and local syenite I. p q Quartz veins containing stibnite; typically 112 inch thrck: not to scale Iron-oxide filled auriferous fractures containing trace arsenate staining Figure 108. Chicken Mountain and Black Creek granitoid-related Au-Ag (Cu) deposits, Flat district, Kuskokwim Mountains metallogenic belt, Southwestern Alaska. Schematic geologic map showing locations of Au-bearing plutons. Note the radial distribution of placer gold deposits surrounding the mineralized plutons. Inset shows style of mineralization at the Chicken Mountain gold polymetallic deposit. Adapted from Bundtzen and others (1992), and Bundtzen and Miller (1997).
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
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Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
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FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Page 108 and 109:
Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
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island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
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-- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
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(TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
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(4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
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Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
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(5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
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continental-margin terranes which w
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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
Page 220 and 221: olistolith. The deposit is currentl
Page 222 and 223: the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
Page 224 and 225: Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
Page 226 and 227: Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
Page 228 and 229: - El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
Page 230 and 231: Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
Page 232 and 233: immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
Page 234 and 235: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 236 and 237: which would be hosted in the early
Page 238 and 239: Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
Page 240 and 241: 0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
Page 242 and 243: Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
Page 244 and 245: I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
Page 246 and 247: .r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
Page 248 and 249: closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
Page 250 and 251: - Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
Page 252 and 253: intrude and crosscut both the relat
Page 254 and 255: Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
Page 256 and 257: Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
Page 258 and 259: metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
Page 260 and 261: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 262 and 263: Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 264 and 265: Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
Page 266 and 267: Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
Page 268 and 269: Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
Page 272 and 273: Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
Page 274 and 275: A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
Page 276 and 277: 0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
Page 278 and 279: others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
Page 280 and 281: Cross section - - South greisen zon
Page 282 and 283: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 284 and 285: 198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
Page 286 and 287: Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
Page 290 and 291: CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
Page 292 and 293: n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
Page 294 and 295: Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
Page 296 and 297: 0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
Page 298 and 299: Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
Page 300 and 301: Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
Page 302 and 303: million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
Page 304 and 305: extension. The Coryell Suite is int
Page 306 and 307: elated deposits. Forming in the bac
Page 308 and 309: Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 310 and 311: Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
Page 312 and 313: Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
Page 316 and 317: (5) A major orthogonal junction for
Page 318 and 319: Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
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Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
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lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
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MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
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Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
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Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
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1993: British Columbia Geological S
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Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
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Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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