Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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Cross section - - South greisen zone North greisen zone 0 0 m)I 1 1 Granite Talus and rock lacier (Quaternary). mainly muscovi?e granite fragments Greisen zones corn rising 50% tabular, greisen bo ies and 50% granite wallrock 8 Zinnwaldite granite 1 1 Biotite-muscovite granite Tertiary fvl;: ,ite quartz porphyry 1 Kuskokwim Group flysch El Late Cretaceous), contact metamorphosed / Contact Quartz vein associated with - - - - greisen alteration halo ._.. .... ...... cassiterite-wolframite Quartz-tourmaline-topazvelnlng Hornfels I I Kuskokwim Group Figure 114. Sleitat Sn greisen and skarn deposit, Kuskokwim Mountains metallogenic belt, Southwestern Alaska. Schematic geologic map and cross section. Adapted from Burleigh (1991) and Hudson and Reed (1997). . . . . Rich - - - - - . . . ..... - . ...... - .- - - -- -~ .- . . . . I ISkarn 0 Dacite to andesite porphyry dike (Tertiary) Marble, calc-hornfels, and skamoid (Paleozoic) / Vein , . Contact between skarn zones J,~S Strike and dip of bedding / Thrust fault Figure 11 5. Tin Creek Cu-Pb-Zn skarn deposit, Southern Alaska metallogenic belt, Southern Alaska. Schematic geologic map showing distribution of Zn-Pb skarn along dikes, bedding planes, and faults. Modified from Szumigala (1987) and Newberry and others (1 997).
Alaska Range-Talkeetna Mountains Igneous Belt The Alaska Range-Talkeetna Mountains igneous belt, which hosts the southern Alaska metallogenic belt, extends for about 700 km in the western and central parts of southern Alaska (fig. 103). The igneous belt (unit at, fig 103) consists chiefly of (Moll-Stalcup, 1994; Moll-Stalcup and others, 1994): (1) large and small volcanic fields which are composed of rhyolite, dacite, and andesite flows, pyroclastic rocks, and interlayered basalt and andesite flows of 50- to 75-Ma age; and (2) numerous related diorite, quartz diorite, tonalite, granodiorite, and granite and locally monzonite and syenite plutons. The latter constitute the plutonic part of the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary part of the Aleutian-Alaska Range and Talkeetna Mountains batholith. The igneous belt occurs mostly south of the Denali Fault, and is partly coeval with the Kuskokwim Mountains igneous belt to the northwest (Moll-Staicup, 1994). The Alaska Range-Talkeetna Mountains igneous belt overlies various terranes in southern Alaska, including the Wrangellia superterrane, and the Kahiltna overlap assemblage (Jones and others, 1987; Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997~). In the Farewell District, the granitoid rocks and adjacent areas range in age from 52 to 60 Ma (Szumigala, 1987; Bundtzen and others, 1988; Gilbert and others, 1990; Solie and others, 1991; Nokleberg and others, 1993). In the Chulitna District, the granitoid rocks which are associated with deposits (Golden Zone, Nim, Nimbus, Silver King), and in the Valdez Creek district (Zackly deposit) the associated granitoid rocks range in age from 65 to 68 Ma (Swainbank and others, 1978; Newbeny and others, 1997). The low temperature Pb-Zn skarns at Tin Creek and Sheep Creek replace and alter granodiorite dikes with isotopic ages of 25-30 Ma. Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the Alaska Range-Talkeetna Mountains igneous belt has low Ti02, moderate KzO, no Fe-enrichment, a calc-alkalic compositional trend, and low initial Sr ratios (Szumigala, 1987; Moll-Stalcup, 1994). Origin of and Tectonic Setting for Southern Alaska Metallogenic Belt The Southern Alaska metallogenic belt is hosted by the Alaska Range-Talkeetna Mountains igneous belt which is interpreted as central part of the extensive, subduction-related Kluane igneous arc which formed along the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary continental margin of southern and southeastern Alaska (Moll and Patton, 1982; Bundtzen and Gilbert; 1983; Swanson and others, 1987; Plafker and others, 1989; Szumigala, 1993; Miller and Bundtzen, 1994; Moll-Stalcup, 1994; Bundtzen and Miller, 1997). Supporting data for this interpretation include (Moll Stalcup, 1994; Moll-Stalcup and others, 1994): (1) the calcic nature of igneous rocks; (2) low initial Sr ratios; low TiOz and moderate K20 values; and (3) the occurrence of the Alaska Range-Talkeetna Mountains igneous belt along the southern margin of southern Alaska, a few kilometers north of major, coeval subduction-zone and accretionary-wedge complexes to the south which are thrust northward, under the Alaska Range-Talkeetna Mountains igneous belt to the north. Metallogenic Belts Formed During Early Tertiary Oblique Subduction of Kula-Farallon Oceanic Ridge Under Margin of Southern and Southeastern Alaska Maclaren Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz Vein Deposits (Belt MC) Northern Part of Eastern-Southern Alaska The Maclaren metallogenic belt of Au quartz vein deposits occurs in the Maclaren continental-margin arc terrane in the central Alaska Range in the northern part of eastern-southem Alaska (fig. 103; tables 3,4) (Nokleberg and others, 1997b, 1998; Goldfarb and others, 1997, 1998). The metallogenic belt is hosted in the Maclaren Glacier metamorphic belt which is probably derived from Late Jurassic(?) flysch composed chiefly of argillite and metagraywacke (Nokleberg and others, 1985, 1994d). The significant deposits are at Timberline Creek and Lucky Hill. Lucky Hill and Timberline Creek Au Quartz Vein Deposits The Lucky Hill and Timberline Creek Au quartz vein deposits (Smith, 1981; Adams and others, 1992; Coldfarb and others, 1997) consist of free gold and minor pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite in sheeted quartz veins which strike east-northeast and dip steeply to the northwest. The veins occur in semischist of the Maclaren Glacier metamorphic belt at Lucky Hill and in granodiorite at Timberline Creek. A distinctive, yellowish, ankerite-carbonate assemblage also occurs in some veins. Incremental Ar isotopic ages on primary micas indicate an emplacement age of 90 to 100 Ma, whereas the age of vein formation is 57 to 63 Ma. The latter ages are the same as determined for biotite-blocking temperature in the Maclaren Glacier metamorphic belt. The deposits contain an estimated 348,000 tonnes, averaging 7.1 g/t Au. One of Alaska's largest placer Au mines at Valdez Creek occurs downstream from the Lucky Hill and Timberline Creek deposits.
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
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Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
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FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
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island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
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-- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
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(TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
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(4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
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Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
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(5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
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continental-margin terranes which w
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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
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olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
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Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
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- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
Page 230 and 231: Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
Page 232 and 233: immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
Page 234 and 235: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 236 and 237: which would be hosted in the early
Page 238 and 239: Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
Page 240 and 241: 0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
Page 242 and 243: Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
Page 244 and 245: I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
Page 246 and 247: .r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
Page 248 and 249: closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
Page 250 and 251: - Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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Page 254 and 255: Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
Page 256 and 257: Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
Page 258 and 259: metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
Page 260 and 261: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 262 and 263: Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 264 and 265: Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
Page 266 and 267: Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
Page 268 and 269: Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
Page 270 and 271: Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
Page 272 and 273: Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
Page 274 and 275: A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
Page 276 and 277: 0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
Page 278 and 279: others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
Page 282 and 283: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 284 and 285: 198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
Page 286 and 287: Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
Page 290 and 291: CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
Page 292 and 293: n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
Page 294 and 295: Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
Page 296 and 297: 0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
Page 298 and 299: Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
Page 300 and 301: Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
Page 302 and 303: million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
Page 304 and 305: extension. The Coryell Suite is int
Page 306 and 307: elated deposits. Forming in the bac
Page 308 and 309: Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 310 and 311: Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
Page 312 and 313: Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
Page 316 and 317: (5) A major orthogonal junction for
Page 318 and 319: Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 320 and 321: occur in these tabular, altered sil
Page 322 and 323: summarlzed above are used by analog
Page 324 and 325: the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
Page 326 and 327: metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
Page 328 and 329: References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
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Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
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lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
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MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
Page 354 and 355:
Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
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Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
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1993: British Columbia Geological S
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Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
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Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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