Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Coast Mountains Metallogenic Belt The Coast Mountains metallogenic belt contains a variety of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits which occur in three age-range groups of volcanic and associated rocks in the Stikinia island-arc terrane. The following three age-range sequences of massive sulfide deposits and host rocks are identified. (1) The middle to upper Paleozoic Stikine assemblage contains interbedded volcanic arc, carbonate and fine-grained clastic rocks. The Tulsequah Chief kuroko massive sulfide deposit and associated occurrences formed in this age-range of the island arc. (2) The Late Triassic Stuhini Group and Takla Group, which unconformably overlie the Stikine assemblage, contains volcanic arc rocks and interfingering clastic rocks which are intruded by coeval granitoids. The Granduc Besshi massive sulfide deposit formed in this age-range of the island arc. And (3) the unconformably-overlying Early Jurassic Hazelton and Spatzizi Groups, and the Takwahoni Formation contain andesitic volcanic rocks and intercalated sedimentary rocks. The kuroko massive sulfide deposits in the Alice Am Silver district, and the Cyprus massive sulfide deposits in the Anyox district formed in this age-range of an island arc. Each of the three age-range groups of volcanic and associated rocks are interpreted as parts of a long-lived volcanic arc which were deposited on Yukon-Tanana continental margin terrane, a rifted fragment of the North American Craton Margin (Gehrels and others. 1990; Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997~). With more detailed study, each of the three age-range groups of volcanic rocks and associate massive sulfide deposits might be designated as separate metallogenic belts. Middle Jurassic Metallogenic Belts (193 to 163 Ma) (Figure 47) Overview The major Middle Jurassic metallogenic belts in Alaska and the Canadian Cordillera are summarized in table 3 and portrayed on figure 47. No significant Middle Jurassic metallogenic belts exist in the Russian Far East. The major belts are as follows. (1) In Southern Alaska and the Canadian Cordillera, continuing on from the Early Jurassic, are the Talkeetna Mountains- Alaska Range belt, which contains kuroko massive sulfide deposits, the Alaska Peninsula (AP) belt, which contains Cu- and Fe- skarn deposits, and the Island Porphyry (LP) belt, which contains granitic-magmatism-related deposits. These belts are hosted in the Wrangellia island-arc superterrane and are interpreted as forming in the Talkeetna-Bonzana arc preserved in the superterrane. And (2) in the Canadian Cordillera, continuing on from the Early Jurassic were the Coast Mountains (CM), Copper Mountain (North; CMN), Copper Mountain (South; CMS), Galore (GL), Guichon (GU), Klotassin (KL), Texas Creek (TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts which contain either granitic magmatism-related deposits or deposits related to felsic to mafic marine volcanism. These belts are interpreted as forming in the axial parts of the Stikinia-Quesnellia island arc. Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Middle Jurassic (193 to163 Ma; Figure 47) During the Middle Jurassic (Toarcian through Callovian - 193 to 193 Ma), the major metallogenic-tectonic events were (fig. 47; table 3): (1) continuation of continental-margin arcs and associated subduction near the North Asian Craton in the Russian Far East; (2) beginning of assembly of previously rifted cratonal, passive continental-margin, and island-arc terranes between which craton and the ancestral Pacific Ocean to form the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane; (3) continuation of the Talkeetna, Bonanza, and Stikinia-Quesnellia arcs, associated metallogenic belts, and formation of companion subduction zones; (4) continued sinistral-slip imbrication of the Stikinia-Quesnellia island arc and associated subduction zones during oblique- sinistral convergence between the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate and the North American Craton Margin; and (5) with the beginning of accretion of the Stikinia-Quesnellia arc at about 185 Ma, the start of mountain building in the North American Cordillera. Sedimentation continued along the passive continental margins of North Asian and North American Cratons. Specific Events for Middle Jurassic (1) The Monakin continental-margin arc, consisting of the Monakin volcanic-plutonic belt (mo) and the Umlekan continental-margin arc, consisting of the Umlekan-Ogodzhin volcanic-plutonic belt (uo) and associated units, commenced activity. Associated with this arc was oblique (sinstral) subduction of part of the Ancestral Pacific Ocean plate to form the Samarka (SMA), Khabarovsk (KB), and Badzhal (BD) terranes.
-- - --- . =.- --- - - --- .-..-- " -BIAC1zw.-.--.; ~. KM --m -- -- . .- - --- . --- - -. .- - . - - A - - 4.. -- ~ ---- . --.. -.- CMS - Copper Mar.-'-:n TC - Texm Cr~k TM - Tatkm~ MD ins Figure 47. Middle Jurasslc (foarcian through Callovian - 193 to 163 Ma) stage of metallogenic-tectonic model. Refer to text for explanation of metallogenic-tectonic events, to tables 3 and 4 for descriptions metallogenic belts and significant deposits, and to Rgure 18 for explanaiion of abbreviations, symbols, and patterns. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997b, 1998, 2000). ' (2) The continental-margin arc Uda arc (consisting of the Uda volcanic-plutonic belt (ud) and Uda-Zeya sedimentary basin (uz) continued to fonn. Associated with the arc was subduction and sinistral transpression of part of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean plate to form the Turkuringra-Dzhagdinski (TD), Ulban (UL), and Galam (GL) terranes. Subduction and sinistral transpression occurred along the Mongol-Okhotsk suture (MO). (3) The extensive Kony-Murgal island arc (Kony-Murgal terrane (KM)) continued to form as an offshore extension of the Uda arc. Associated with the arc was subduction of part of the Ancestral Pacific Ocean plate to form the Talovskiy (TL) and Penzhina-Anadyr (PA) terranes. Inboard of the Kony-Murgal island arc (KM) were the Okhotsk (OK), Avekova (AK), and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes whch were previously rifted from the North Asian Craton (NSC), and tbe Viliga (VL) passive continenlal-margin terranes which was previously rifted from the North Asian Craton Margin (NSV). Behind the arc were fragments of prior Devonian to Pennsylvanian island-arc terranes, includmg the Beryozovka turbidite-basin (BE), and Oloy (OL), and Yarakvaam (YA) island-arc terranes. (4) During the Bathonian, the Alazeya island arc, consisting of the Alazeya (AL) and Khetachan (KH) island-arc terranes, as a result of flip of the associated subduction zone, migrated towards the terranes forming the Kolyma-Omolon superteme. The southern part of the Kolyma structural loop was formed during the convergence of the Alazeya arc toward the terranes forming the Kolyma-Ornoton superterrane. The major terranes in the superterrane are the Alazeya (AL), Aluchin (AC), Argatas (ARG), Beryozovka (BE), Khetachan (KH), Munilkan (MU), Oloy (OL), Omolon (OM), Omulevka (OV), Prikolyma (PL), Rassokha (RA), Uyandina (UY), and Yarakvaam (YM) terranes. During this collision, fragments of the older part of the Angayucham Ocean plate were obducted onto the Onwlevka terrane to form the Munilkan (MU) ophiolite terrane, and the Uyandina, Kybytygas, and lndigirka ophlollte terranes of Oxman and others (1995). .! ;. q r 4 " b . -;y, i* '%!A
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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Page 82 and 83:
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Page 86 and 87: hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
Page 88 and 89: origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
Page 90 and 91: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 92 and 93: Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
Page 94 and 95: Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
Page 96 and 97: 1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
Page 98 and 99: FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
Page 100 and 101: disseminations in chert, disseminat
Page 102 and 103: U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
Page 104 and 105: terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
Page 108 and 109: Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
Page 110 and 111: . I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
Page 112 and 113: Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
Page 114 and 115: individual flows range from 5 cm to
Page 116 and 117: occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
Page 118 and 119: along the with tectonically-related
Page 120 and 121: : m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
Page 122 and 123: island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
Page 124 and 125: -- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
Page 126 and 127: (TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
Page 128 and 129: (4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 130 and 131: lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
Page 134 and 135: Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
Page 138 and 139: (5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 140 and 141: Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
Page 142 and 143: continental-margin terranes which w
Page 144 and 145: Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 148 and 149: Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
Page 150 and 151: subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
Page 152 and 153: shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
Page 154 and 155: ocks and serpentinite which occur a
Page 156 and 157: interpreted as forming in the Juras
Page 158 and 159: Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
Page 160 and 161: Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
Page 162 and 163: tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
Page 164 and 165: Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
Page 166 and 167: Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
Page 168 and 169: ---. .% of the North American Conti
Page 170 and 171: - OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
Page 172 and 173: in the west-central part of the Rus
Page 174 and 175: for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
Page 176 and 177: Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
Page 178 and 179: Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
Page 180 and 181: Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
Page 182 and 183: comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
Page 184 and 185: The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
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olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
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Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
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- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
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Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
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immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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which would be hosted in the early
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Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
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Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
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I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
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.r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
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closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
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- Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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intrude and crosscut both the relat
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Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
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Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
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metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
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Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
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Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
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Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
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Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
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A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
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0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
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others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
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Cross section - - South greisen zon
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198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
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Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
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CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
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0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
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Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
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extension. The Coryell Suite is int
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elated deposits. Forming in the bac
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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(5) A major orthogonal junction for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
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Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
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lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
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MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
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Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
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Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
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1993: British Columbia Geological S
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Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
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Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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