Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWwmd vein &psit,.Lmmf Amw lmWbgmk !Mt, Rm#an S- !S&eitWic~ map and cross section. Adapted h RaWn (1995). Origin of and Tectonic Co- far Lower Amur Metallogenic Ba# The Crebaeous gmnitoid r& Bdag the Lcrw ~ o ~ e b cam lpat t of the Earst SikhoteAkiaM* plutonic belt (fig. 79) of Late CretacsMIs and early Tertiary ~ ~ b iis edmaibed h m tfre:abovestdsmtbeddgh dtb Tad&& metallogenic kt&. Other related, meMo@nic b&s b@ed ia tb# East+-Alir~~ VOW belt rw rC- (Kbf), Luzhkinsky (La, S ~ (SG), and ~ T W v (TK) belts ~ @g, m, W e 3). Tba dBbmX% betwsea &e nxM@@nic belts are interpreted as he rwdt the igneous rocks which host thGsGp m&d&gBni~ beits htmdng clH?xe& bkdmclr. laemtm# to &biz& other coeval and related belts, the: Lower Amur-metrJlagenk belt wmm wbeae Cmttweolu poitoid rxtcb oftbe EgiOt S- Aline belt intrude the Arnur River and Kisclywka-Mamm wedge temmts. Metallogenic Belt Formed In Late M sso~ Oceanic Crust and Island Arc Tenaner, Russian Southeast Aniva-Nabil Metallogenic Belt of Volcanogenic Mn and Fe and Cyprus Massive Sulfide Deposits (Belt ANN) Sakhalin Island, Southeastern Part of Russian Far East The Aniva-Nabil metallogenic belt of volcanogenic Mn md Fe, and Cyprus Cu massive sulfide deposits occurs on Sakhalin Island in the southeastern part of the Russian Far East (fig. 79; tables 3,4) (Nokleberg and others, 1997b, 1998). The belt occurs in the Aniva subduction-zone terrane and in the related Nabilsky accrelionary-wedge terrane in the central part of the island . .. - , $(
(Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997~). The volcanogenic Mn deposits, as at Bereznyakovskoe and Lyukamskoe (Sidorenko, 1974), generally consist of small quartz-rhodonite lenses, with surficial pyrolusite and psilomelane, which are derived from carbonate and Mn-oxide assemblages. Associated with the occurrences are hydrothermal quartz, sericite, and carbonate alteration. The volcanogenic Fe deposits are mainly quartz-hematite lenses which are derived from carbonate and Fe-oxide assemblages. During subsequent accretion and companion metamorphism, the carbonate-oxide assemblages recrystauized to hematite rhodonite-quartz and hematite-quartz. The Cyprus massive sulfide deposits, as at Novikovskoe and Rys'e (Sidorenko, 19741, occur in highly-deformed matlc volcanic rocks with chalcopyrite and pyrite, and subordinate galena, bornite, tetrahednte, chalcocik and covellite. Both the volcanogenic Mn and volcanogenic Fe deposits, occur in fault-bounded jasper-bearing volcanic assemblages. The Cyprus massive sulfide deposits occur in fault-bounded fragments of mafic volcanic rocks. The host rocks are highlydeformed firagrnents of Late Cretaceous turbidites, limestone blocks derived from oceanic crustal and island arc assemblages, including blocks of volcanic-jasper deposits, and metamorphosed gabbro and ultramafic igneous rocks. These mils are interpreted as subducted oceanic crust and island arc fragments now contained in the highly deformed Aniva and Nabilsky subduction zone and accretionary-wedge terranes. These terranes are interpreted tectonically linked to the Cretaceous East Sikhote-Alin volcanicplutonic belt (Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c, 2000). Metallogenic Belts Formed in Late Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic Olyutorka Island Arc. Russian Northeast Koryak Highlands Metallogenic Belt of Zoned Mafk-Uftramaftc PGE and Cu Massive Sulflde Deposits (Belt KH) East-Central Part of Russian Northeast The Koryak Highlands metallogenic belt of zoned mafic-ultramafic PGE deposits occurs in the southern Koryak Highlands in the east-central part of the Russian Northeast (fig. 79; tables 3,4). The belt extends northeast for 1,000 km from the Sredinny Range in central Karnchatka Peninsula to the Koryak Highlands in the northern Peninsula (Bundtzen and Sidorov, 1998; Kozin and others, 1999; Mekomukov and Zaitsev, 1999). The belt is hosted in the Olyutorka subterrane of the Olyutorka- Karnchatka island-arc terrane (Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997~). The metallogenic belt contains several PGE and Cr deposits which occur in zoned, Alaskan-Uratian type plutons composed of gabbro, dunite, and clinopyroxenite. The significant deposits in the belt ue the Snezhnoe zoned mafic-uktramafic Cr-PGE deposit, the Galmeononsky-Seinavsky zoned mafic-ulbamafic PGE (Alaskan-Uralim PGE), end a rare gabbroic Cu massive sulfide prospect at Karaginsky (table 4) (Melnikova, 1974; Kepezhinsh and others, 1993), L.V. Mehikov, written commun., 1993; Nokleberg and others 1997a, b, 1998; Bundtzen and Sidorov, 1998). The Karaginsky deposil consists of sulfide lenses hosted in spillite and siltstone, and sulfide disseminations hosted in serpsntinizcd ultramafic olistolitbs. Tbe sulfide minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite, local sphalerite, and locally abundant magnetite, aad. In addition to Cu, the deposit contains Ni, Co, PGE, Zn, Au, and Ag. Smzhnoe Podfirm Cr Deposit The Snezhnoe zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr-PGE deposit (Kutyev and others, 1988a, b; Kutyev and others, 1991) occurs in a small round stock, about 2 km wide, composed of ultramafic rocks. The stock is zoned with a core of dunitc, and an outer zone of wehrlite-pyoxenites and pyroxenites. The ultramafic rocks in the stock intrude Late Cretaceous volmnogenic-sedimentary rocL which are contact metamorphosed near the stock. Chromite occurs in the dunite core and occurs as small lenses and veins in streaky and veinlei structures. These ore bodies range up to 1 m wide and several meters long. Fermginous chromite occurs with up to 48% Cr&. Titawmagnetite and Cu sulfides occur in the peripheral pyroxenites. PGE minerals occur in association with chromite arid form in chrome-spinel as small idiomorphic crystals, and as xenomorphic inclusions in interstices. Fa and Pl alloys are prdwnmant and conlain inclusions of native 0s. The chrome-spinel interstices are is dominated by cperryijte and teiraferroplatinum. PGE grains range up to 1 rnm diameter. PGE minerals are similar in composition to those in podifonn G deposits in southeastern Alaska and in the Urals Mountains. Galmeononsky-Sainavsky PGE Occurrences The Galmeonsky-Seinavsky PGE (Alaskan PGE) occurrences are located in zoned mafic-ultramafic complexea in the geograpbc center of the Koryak Highlands metallogenic belt (locally in Russia called the Koryak-Kamchatka platimun bell) (Bundtzen and others, 2003a. b). The surface area of the Galmeonsky pluton is about 45 km2, and the pluton is about 16 krn l q and 3 lo 4 km wide. An 40~r/39~r isotopic age of 60-73.9 Ma has been obtained for the pluton (Bunchzen and others, 2003b) The pluton con& a &mile core which comprises about 70 percent of the body and in the periphery is dunite which is snccessivcly
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
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Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
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FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
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island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
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-- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
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(TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
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(4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
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Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
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(5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
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continental-margin terranes which w
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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
Page 180 and 181: Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
Page 182 and 183: comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
Page 184 and 185: The Au quartz vein deposits are int
Page 186 and 187: leucogranite plutons form large, ho
Page 188 and 189: + , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
Page 190 and 191: - . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
Page 192 and 193: Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
Page 194 and 195: Specific Events for Late Early Cret
Page 196 and 197: Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
Page 198 and 199: - Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
Page 200 and 201: Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
Page 202 and 203: quartz vein deposits of the Souther
Page 204 and 205: Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
Page 206 and 207: along the western end in the Eagle
Page 208 and 209: 101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
Page 210 and 211: I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
Page 212 and 213: ., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
Page 214 and 215: I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
Page 216 and 217: Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
Page 218 and 219: The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
Page 220 and 221: olistolith. The deposit is currentl
Page 222 and 223: the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
Page 224 and 225: Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
Page 226 and 227: Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
Page 228 and 229: - El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
Page 232 and 233: immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
Page 234 and 235: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 236 and 237: which would be hosted in the early
Page 238 and 239: Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
Page 240 and 241: 0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
Page 242 and 243: Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
Page 244 and 245: I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
Page 246 and 247: .r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
Page 248 and 249: closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
Page 250 and 251: - Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
Page 252 and 253: intrude and crosscut both the relat
Page 254 and 255: Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
Page 256 and 257: Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
Page 258 and 259: metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
Page 260 and 261: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 262 and 263: Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 264 and 265: Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
Page 266 and 267: Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
Page 268 and 269: Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
Page 270 and 271: Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
Page 272 and 273: Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
Page 274 and 275: A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
Page 276 and 277: 0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
Page 278 and 279: others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
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Cross section - - South greisen zon
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198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
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Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
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CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
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0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
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Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
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extension. The Coryell Suite is int
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elated deposits. Forming in the bac
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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(5) A major orthogonal junction for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
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Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
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lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
Page 350 and 351:
MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
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Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
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Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
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1993: British Columbia Geological S
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Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
Page 367 and 368:
Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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