Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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Archean granulite facies metamorphic rock, and Paleozoic greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphic rock. The Lantrasky- Dzhugdzhur anorthosite complex is elongated along the Stanvoy suture zone, is 170 km long, varies from 5 to 34 km wide, and covers and areas of approximately 2,700 km2. The complex is composed of approximately 70 percent anorthosite, and 30 percent gabbro, norite, and ultramafic rock. The complex contains a classic layered series of anorthosite plutons, incli~ding those in Finland, Canada, and South America (Papunen, 1986; Ryan and others, 1995). The five gabbroic Cu-Ni-Co-PGE prospects, that have been identified since 1990, are at Avlandzhinsky, Kontaktovy, Nyandomi, Ozerny, and Odorin. These prospects occur near the contact between anorthosite and gabbro layers, and REE-bearing alkali granitic rock. The two largest prospects at the Kontaktovy and Nyandomi are 300 to 600 m wide and range up to several km long. Surface samples of massive sulfides contain up to 3.4% Cu, 0.74% Ni, 0.17% Co, 5.43 g/t Pt, 2.8 g/t Pd, and 0.85 g/t Rh (Pollack, 1997; Panskikh, 1978). These prospects are geological and geochemical analogs to the Cu-Ni-Co-PGE deposits in the layered Svecokarelian complexes of Finland and Western Russia, and Cu-Ni-PGE deposits in the Nain plutonic suite at Voisey Bay, Canada (Papunen, 1986; Pollack, 1997). The deposits in the Lantasky-Dzhugdzhur belt have been explored by Vostok Gold Corporation. Another similar group of anorthosite Apatite-Ti-Fe deposits are the Bogidenskoe, Gayumskoe, Maimakanskoe, and Dzhaninskoe deposits. These deposits occur to the south of the above-described deposits generally consist of apatite, ilrnenite, and titanium magnetite which are hosted in melanocratic olivine gabbro, gabbrosyenite, gabbro-pyroxenite, and pyroxenite. These mafic and ultramafic rock often forms stock-like bodies in the Geransky anorthosite massif (Lennikov and others, 1987) that has a Pb-Pb isotopic age of 2.2 to 1.8 Ga. The deposits occur on the southern, southwestern, and western margins of the Geransky anorthosite massif. The four largest deposits are spaced about 15 to 30 km between each other, and together contain an estimated 350 million tonnes PzO5 (Panskikh and Gavrilov. 1984). Together, the deposits in the belt contain approximately one billion tonnes of PzO5, an amount which is comparable with deposits in the Kola province in northwestern Russia near Sweden. Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenk Belt The Lantasky-Dzhugdzhur metallogenic belt is interpreted as forming during Mesoproterozoic rifting along the edge of the North Asian Craton. During rifting, coeval, large anorthosite plutons intruded the Stanovoy suture and adjacent area for a distance of more than 1,000 krn, and adjacent region to the south. Ulkan Metallogenic Belt of Felsic Plutonic REE Deposits (Belt UL) Northwestern Part of Russian Southeast The Ulkan metallogenic belt of felsic plutonic REE deposits occurs in the northwestern part of the Russian Southeast (fig. 2; tables 3,4) (Nokleberg and others, 1997b, 1998). The belt occurs mainly in the Paleoproterozoic Ulkan volcano-tectonic basin that has isotopic ages of 1.9 to 1.5 Ga, and which overlies folded Archean basement rocks of the North Asian Craton (unit NSC) The REE, Be, U-Mo, Nb-Ta and related deposits are interpreted as forming in two periods. Ornolon Metallogenic Belt of Ironstone (Superior Fe) Deposits (Belt OM) Central Part of Russian Northeast The Omolon metallogenic belt of ironstone (Superior Fe) deposits (fig. 2; tables 3.4) occurs in the central part of the Russian Northeast. The belt is hosted in Archean metamorphic rocks of the Omolon cratonal terrane of the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane (Nokleberg and others, 1994~. 1997c; Shpikerman, 1998). More than ten local ironstone deposits are known in the belt (table 4) (Nokleberg and others, 1997a, b, 1998). The significant deposit is at Verkhny-Ornolon. Verkhny-Omolon Ironstone Deposit The significant Verkhny-Omolon ironstone deposit (fig. 6) consists of sheet-like and podiform bodies of banded iron formation which occur in Archean migmatite, amphibole and biotite-amphibole plagiogneiss, amphibolite, and rnafic schist (Gelman, Titov, and Fadeev, 1974; Fadeev, 1975; Zhulanova, 1990; Milov, 199 1). The banded iron ore consists of medium- to coarse-grained masses or layers of magnetite and quartz which is intergrown with apatite and actinolite. The deposit extends for 3.5
I I Surficial d eplts (Quaternary) Siltstone, argaites of Tabakchanskaya Sub (Late Jurassic) Quartz-feldspathic sandsl~ne (Mmdian) Dolomites of Gorbunovadtaya Suite (Middle-upper Riphean) p-7 Siltstone. a le Spiridonovskaya Suite, Upper Riphean Hematite-baing shale, upper suite E j Sandstone Limestone IIIIIII El Shale, lower subsuite / Thrust Gabbro-diabase dike /! Strike and dip of bedding g 0 500 tvl m Figure 4. Pobeda ironstonedeposit, Oroek metallogenic belt, Russian Northeast. Adapted from Shpikman (1998). km, averages 250 m thick in the central portion, and locally consists of alternating, nearly conformable ore bodies and horizons in the country rock. Tke original quartzite and possibly the ironstone deposits may be derived From marine sedimentary rocks which originally conlabed ironstone (Superior Fe) deposits. The host rocks are extensively granitized. Rb-Sr isotopic data reveal polymefarnorphisms of the Archean basement. Granulite facies metamorphism occurred at 3.4 to 3.8 Ga; regional graditizatbn occurred approximately at 2.0 Ga; and low grade metamorphism and deformation occurred approximately at 1.0 Oa (Zhulansva, 1990, Milov, 1991). Orlgin of end TecKInk Controk fw Omdon MelUCogonic Belt The Omolon mehilogenic belt is hosted in various outcrops of the Archean crystalline basemen4 of the halon metamorphic assemblage in the Omobn cratonal terrane (Zhulanova, 1990; Shpikeman, 1998). These crystalline rwks consist of . Archean lo hrly Pmfemic sedimentmy, volcanic, and magmatic rocks which are metamorphosed at granulite and amphibolite facies into gneiss, granitic &s, and amphibolite. Isotopic ages range from 2.3 to 1.7 Ma. The assembtage exhibits granulite facies of metamorphism, including amphibole, clinopyroxene-amphibole, and hypersthembearing schist, and biotite-hypersthene - plagiogneiss aod garnet-dinopyroxene gneiss. Leucocratic migmatites prevail in the assemblage and formed from multiple
Page 1 and 2: I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Abstract .................
Page 5 and 6: 5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
Page 7 and 8: Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
Page 9 and 10: Overview ..........................
Page 11 and 12: Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
Page 13 and 14: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 17 and 18: Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
Page 19: Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
Page 22 and 23: and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
Page 24 and 25: 1,079 significant mineral deposits
Page 26 and 27: Acknowledgements We thank the many
Page 28 and 29: 0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
Page 30 and 31: Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
Page 34 and 35: Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
Page 36 and 37: 1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
Page 38 and 39: Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
Page 40 and 41: occur in clastic and impure carbona
Page 42 and 43: Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
Page 44 and 45: I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
Page 46 and 47: Ma which locally form extensive plu
Page 48 and 49: Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
Page 52 and 53: from crystalline basement of craton
Page 54 and 55: Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
Page 56 and 57: McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
Page 58 and 59: [..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
Page 60 and 61: Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
Page 62 and 63: .- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
Page 64 and 65: Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
Page 68 and 69: several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
Page 70 and 71: Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
Page 72 and 73: WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
Page 74 and 75: interpreted by and as part of a ext
Page 76 and 77: Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
Page 78 and 79: interpreted as vents. The deposit c
Page 82 and 83:
Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
Page 88 and 89:
origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
Page 94 and 95:
Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
Page 98 and 99:
FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Page 108 and 109:
Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
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island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
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-- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
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(TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
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(4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
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Page 134 and 135:
Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
(5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
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continental-margin terranes which w
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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
Page 178 and 179:
Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
Page 190 and 191:
- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
Page 194 and 195:
Specific Events for Late Early Cret
Page 196 and 197:
Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
Page 204 and 205:
Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
Page 206 and 207:
along the western end in the Eagle
Page 208 and 209:
101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
Page 210 and 211:
I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
Page 212 and 213:
., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
Page 214 and 215:
I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
Page 218 and 219:
The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
Page 220 and 221:
olistolith. The deposit is currentl
Page 222 and 223:
the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
Page 224 and 225:
Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
Page 226 and 227:
Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
Page 228 and 229:
- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
Page 230 and 231:
Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
Page 232 and 233:
immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
Page 234 and 235:
Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 236 and 237:
which would be hosted in the early
Page 238 and 239:
Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
Page 242 and 243:
Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
Page 244 and 245:
I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
Page 246 and 247:
.r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
Page 248 and 249:
closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
Page 250 and 251:
- Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
Page 252 and 253:
intrude and crosscut both the relat
Page 254 and 255:
Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
Page 256 and 257:
Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
Page 258 and 259:
metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 262 and 263:
Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 264 and 265:
Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
Page 266 and 267:
Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
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Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
Page 270 and 271:
Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
Page 272 and 273:
Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
Page 274 and 275:
A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
Page 276 and 277:
0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
Page 278 and 279:
others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
Page 280 and 281:
Cross section - - South greisen zon
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
Page 286 and 287:
Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
Page 294 and 295:
Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
Page 296 and 297:
0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
Page 298 and 299:
Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
Page 304 and 305:
extension. The Coryell Suite is int
Page 306 and 307:
elated deposits. Forming in the bac
Page 308 and 309:
Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 310 and 311:
Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
(5) A major orthogonal junction for
Page 318 and 319:
Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 320 and 321:
occur in these tabular, altered sil
Page 322 and 323:
summarlzed above are used by analog
Page 324 and 325:
the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
Page 326 and 327:
metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
Page 328 and 329:
References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
Page 330 and 331:
Society of America Abstracts with P
Page 332 and 333:
Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
Page 334 and 335:
Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
Page 336 and 337:
Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
Page 338 and 339:
the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
Page 340 and 341:
during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
Page 342 and 343:
Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
Page 344 and 345:
House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
Page 346 and 347:
International Field Conference in V
Page 348 and 349:
lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
Page 350 and 351:
MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
Page 354 and 355:
Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
Page 359 and 360:
Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
Page 361 and 362:
1993: British Columbia Geological S
Page 363 and 364:
Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
Page 365 and 366:
Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
Page 367 and 368:
Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
Page 369 and 370:
lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
Page 371 and 372:
Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
Page 373 and 374:
TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
Page 375 and 376:
TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
Page 377 and 378:
9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
Page 379 and 380:
(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
Page 381 and 382:
Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
Page 383 and 384:
Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
Page 387 and 388:
Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
Page 391 and 392:
(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
Page 395 and 396:
Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Page 405 and 406:
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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