Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY METALLOGENESIS AND TECTONICS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST, ALASKA, AND THE CANADIAN CORDILLERA By Warren J. ~okleber~l, Thomas K. ~undtzen'.', Roman A. ~remin), Vladirnir V. atk kin^, Kenneth M. ~awson', Vladimir 1. shpikeman3', Nikolai A. Goryachev3. Stanislav G. ~ ~alobzhesk~~, Yuri F. ~rolov~, Alexander I. Khanchuk4, Richard D. ~och', James W.H. ~onger', Anany 1. pozdeev6, llya S. ~ozenblum', Sergey M. ~odionov~, Leonid M. parfenov9, Christopher R. ~cotese", and Anatoly A. ~idorov" OPEN-FILE REPORT 03-434 PREPARED IN COLLABORATION WITH: ALASKA DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES RUSSIAN MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES I -U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA '-~laska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA 3-~ussian Academy of Sciences. Magadan, Russia 4-~ussian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia 5 -Geological Survey of Canada, Vancouver, Canada 6-~ussian Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Committee of Kamchatka, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia '-~ussian Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Committee of Northeastern Russia, Magadan '-~ussian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia 9-~ussian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia lo-university of Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA I I -Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia *-Now at Pacific Rim Geological Consulting, Fairbanks, Alaska '-NOW at Russian Ministry of Natural Resources, St. Petersberg. Russia This report is prel~minary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government
CONTENTS Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Associated Project ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Metallogenic Belts ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Tectonic Controls for Metallogenesis ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Metallogenic and Tectonic Definitions ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Mineral Deposit Models ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction to Phanerozoic Metallogenic and Tectonic Model for the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera ................ 7 Paleomagnetic Dilemma: Loci of Accretion of Wrangellia Superterrane ............................................................................................. 8 Proterozoic Metallogenic Belts (2500 to 570 Ma; Figures 2, 3) ..................................................................................................................... 8 Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Metallogenic Belts Formed During Proterozoic Rifting of North Asian Craton or Craton Margin ....................................................... 10 Oroek Metallogenic Belt of Ironstone and Sediment-Hosted Cu Deposits (Belt OK) West-Central Part of Russian Northeast .......... I0 Pobeda Ironstone Deposit .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Oroek Sediment-Hosted Cu Deposit ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Oroek Metallogenic Belt ..................................................................................................... 11 Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur metall lo genic Belt of Anorthosite Apatite-Ti-Fe and Gabbroic Ni-Cu (PGE) Deposits (Belt LD) Central Part of Russian Far East) ................................................................................................................................................... 12 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic Belt .......................................................................... 13 Ulkan Metallogenic Belt of Felsic Plutonic REE Deposits (Belt UL) Northwestern Part of Russian Southeast ............................... 13 Omolon Metallogenic Belt of Ironstone (Superior Fe) Deposits (Belt OM) Central Part of Russian Northeast ................................ 13 Verkhny-Omolon Ironstone Deposit ...................... . .............................................................................................................. I3 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Omolon Metallogenic Belt .................................................................................................. 14 Bilyakchan Metallogenic Belt of Sediment-Hosted Cu and Basaltic Cu Deposits (Belt BI) Southwestern Part of Russian Northeast ......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Dzhagdag Basaltic Cu and Severny Uy Occurrences ................................................................................................................... 16 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Bilyakchan Metallogenic Belt ............................................................................................. 16 Kilbuck Metallogenic Belt of Ironstone (Superior Fe) Deposits (Belt Kl) southwestern Alaska ...................................................... 16 Metallogenic Belts Formed During Proterozoic Sedimentation, Rifting, and Hydrothermal Activity Along Cratons or Craton Margins ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Sinuk River Metallogenic Belt of Massive Sulfide-Barite and Stratabound Fe and Mn Deposits (Belt SR) Northwestern Alaska ... 17 Aurora Creek Massive Sulfide-Barite Deposit ................... . ..................................................................................................... 18 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Sinuk River Metallogenic Belt ......................................................................................... 18 Gillespie Metallogenic Belt of SEDEX Zn-Cu-Pb-Au-Ag Deposits (Belt GM) Northern Yukon Temtory ................................... 18 Blende SEDEX Zn-Cu-Pb-Au-Ag Deposit ................................................................................................................................... 18 Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposit ......................................................................................................................................... 18 Origin of and Tectonic Setting for Gillespie Metallogenic Belt ................................................................................................... 19 Wernecke Metallogenic Belt of U-Cu-Fe (Au-Co) Vein and Breccia Deposits (Belt WR) Central Yukon Territory ....................... 19 Rapitan Metallogenic Belt of Sedimentary Iron Formation Deposits (Belt RA) Central Yukon Territory .............. : ......................... 19 Crest Iron Formation Deposit ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 Origin of and Tectonic Setting for Rapitan Metallogenic Belt ..................................................................................................... 20 Metallogenic Belts Formed During Proterozoic Rifting of North American Craton or Craton Margin ................................................. 20 Redstone Metallogenic Belt of Sediment-Hosted Cu-Ag Deposits (Belt RS) Central Yukon Territory ............................................ 20 Coates Lake (Redstone) sediment-hosted Cu-Ag Deposit ............................................................................................................. 20 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Redstone Metallogenic Belt ................................................................................................. 20 Churchill Metallogenic Belt of Cu Vein Deposits( Belt CH) Northern British Columbia ................................................................. 20 Churchill (Davis Keays) Cu Vein Deposits ................................................................................................................................... 21 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Churchill Metallogenic Belt ................................................................................................ 21 Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedimentary Exhalative (SEDEX) Zn-Pb-Ag Deposits (Belt MO) Southern British Columbia ...... 21 Big Ledge SEDEX Zn-Pb Deposit ................................................................................................................................................ 21 Ruddock Creek SEDEX Zn-Pb Deposit ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Mount Copeland Porphyry Mo Deposit ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Monashee Metallogenic Belt ............................................................................................... 22 Purcell Metallogenic Belt of SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag Deposits (Belt PR) Southern British Columbia ................................................... 22 Sullivan SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit ............................................................................................................................................. 22 Origin of and Tectonic Setting for Purcell Metallogenic Belt ...................................................................................................... 22 Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Sediment-Hosted Cu-Ag Deposits Southern British Columbia (Belt CR) .................................... 23 Clark Range Sediment-Hosted Cu-Ag Deposits ....................................................................................................................... 23
Page 1: I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
Page 5 and 6: 5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
Page 7 and 8: Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
Page 9 and 10: Overview ..........................
Page 11 and 12: Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
Page 13 and 14: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 17 and 18: Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
Page 19: Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
Page 22 and 23: and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
Page 24 and 25: 1,079 significant mineral deposits
Page 26 and 27: Acknowledgements We thank the many
Page 28 and 29: 0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
Page 30 and 31: Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
Page 32 and 33: Archean granulite facies metamorphi
Page 34 and 35: Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
Page 36 and 37: 1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
Page 38 and 39: Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
Page 40 and 41: occur in clastic and impure carbona
Page 42 and 43: Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
Page 44 and 45: I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
Page 46 and 47: Ma which locally form extensive plu
Page 48 and 49: Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Page 92 and 93:
Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
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Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
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FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
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island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
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-- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
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(TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
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(4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
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Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
(5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
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continental-margin terranes which w
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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Page 148 and 149:
Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
Page 220 and 221:
olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
Page 224 and 225:
Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
Page 228 and 229:
- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
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Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
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immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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which would be hosted in the early
Page 238 and 239:
Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
Page 242 and 243:
Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
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I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
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.r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
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closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
Page 250 and 251:
- Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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intrude and crosscut both the relat
Page 254 and 255:
Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
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Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
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metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
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Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
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Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
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Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
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Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
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A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
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0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
Page 278 and 279:
others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
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Cross section - - South greisen zon
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
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Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
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CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
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0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
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Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
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extension. The Coryell Suite is int
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elated deposits. Forming in the bac
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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Page 316 and 317:
(5) A major orthogonal junction for
Page 318 and 319:
Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
Page 324 and 325:
the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
Page 328 and 329:
References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
Page 332 and 333:
Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
Page 336 and 337:
Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
Page 338 and 339:
the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
Page 340 and 341:
during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
Page 342 and 343:
Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
Page 344 and 345:
House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
Page 348 and 349:
lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
Page 350 and 351:
MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
Page 354 and 355:
Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
Page 359 and 360:
Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
Page 361 and 362:
1993: British Columbia Geological S
Page 363 and 364:
Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
Page 365 and 366:
Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
Page 367 and 368:
Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
Page 369 and 370:
lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
Page 371 and 372:
Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
Page 391 and 392:
(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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Page 423 and 424:
Page 425:
De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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