Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, Bulkby metallogenic Wt, Canadian Cordillera. Schematic map showing main cue body. Adapted from Jackson and lllerbrun (1995). 2- dB..- - 4 Nadina (Silver Queen) Ag Polymetallic Vein ~ep& '1 -, - The Nadina (Silver Queen) Ag plymetallic vein deposit consists of sph gangue of quartz, rhodochrosite, chdcedony, and barite which are hosted in Late Cretaceou volcanic rocks (EMR Canada, 1989; Leitch and others, 1990; Dawson tonnes grading 6.19% Zn, 328 g/t A&, and 2.7 g/t Au. Tbe &posit age is bracket 75.0k1.0 Ma) (MINFILE, 2002), and by younger felsite dikes and sills which Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Bulkey Metallogenic Belt The Late Cretaceous Bulkley Plutonic Suite is coeval witb the Surprise Lake and C-b Plutonic suit&, ad with the volcanic rocks of the Carmacks Assemblage which all occur in the northern part of the Stikinia terrme (WoodEworth and 0th- 199 1). Together, these plutonic rocks form part af the extensive Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary Coast-North Cascade plutonic belt that constitutes the major part of the Coast continental- gin arc mainly in the western Canadian Cordillera (Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c; Monger and Nokieberg, 1996). Local Late Cretaceous volcanic units in-retd to be minagmatic with the Bulkley Plutonic Suite include the Brian Boru (Sutherland Brown, 1960) and Tip Top Hill (Woodswoitb ad others, 1991) volcanic rocks of the Kagalka Group (Maclntyre, 1985). Fish Lake-Bralorne Metallogenic Belt of Porphyry Cu-Mo, Porphyry Cu-Au, Au Quark Vein, AuAg Polymetallic Vein, and Related Deposit Types (Belt FLB) Southwestern British Columbia The Fish Lake-Bralome metallogenic belt of porphyry Cu-Mo, Au quartz vein, and Au-A (fig. 103; tables 3,4) occur along the northeastern margin of the Coast Plutonic Complex in south belt contains the Bralorne district which contains a group of major Au mines. The Bralome-and P Permian and Triassic diorite, gabbro, and greenstone, part of an ophiolite assemblage, whic complex tectonic boundary between Bridge River and Cadwallader terranes. The Congress pol 275
stibnite vein deposits in the Bridge River mining camp are related to stocks and dikes of the early Tertiary Bendor suite with isotopic ages of 70 to 65 Ma (Leitch and others, 1989; Church, 1995). These deposits occur to the northeast of the Bralorne district. Several other Sb-Au polymetallic vein deposits occur in the mining camp and are associated with the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary Bendor pluton, Robson stock, and related intrusions (Leitch and others, 1989). Also occurring in the belt are porphyry Cu deposits, as at Empress, which locally grade to high-sulphidation epithermal vein systems in the easternmost partr of the Coast Plutonic Complex, directly on strike from the coeval Bralorne deposit (McMillan, 1983). The belt also includes porphyry Mo and Cu-Mo occurrences which are associated with Eocene stocks which occur along major dextral strike-slip faults. The porphyry Cu-Mo and related deposits in the metallogenic belt are associated with Late Cretaceous porphyry dikes and stocks which are coeval with the adjacent eastern margin of the Coast Plutonic Complex and intrude metasedimentary rocks of the Methow terrane (Leitch and others, 1989). These granitoid rocks are part of the extensive Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary Coast-North Cascade plutonic belt which occurs along the western and central parts of the Canadian Cordillera for several thousand krn (Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c; Monger and Nokleberg, 1996). The significant deposits in the belt are (table 4) (Nokleberg and others 1997a, b, 1998): porphyry Cu-Mo deposits at Fish Lake, Giant Copper (Canam, A.M.), and Poison Mountain (Copper Giant); and Au quartz vein deposits at Bralorne, Pioneer (Bridge River area), and Carolin. The Maggie (Bonaparte River) deposit occurs along the margin of the belt. Bralorne and Pioneer Au Quartz Vein Deposits The Bralorne and Pioneer mines of the Bralorne district, and the smaller Wayside and BRX mines, are typically large, continuous, mesothermal Au-quartz-sulfide veins which range from 1 to 2 m wide, and consist commonly of quartz, calcite, free gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and lesser sphalerite, galena, scheelite, chalcopyrite and molybdenlte (Leitch and others, 1989). The veins are lenticular and plunge steeply within a steeply-dipping major shear zone named the Cadwallader Break. The deposits have major metals of Au-W-Mo-As and Au/Ag ratios of 2 to 5. A district-wide mineral zoning varies from high-temperature Au- As-W-Mo through intermediate Sb-Ag-Au-As, to low-temperature Sb-Hg vein assemblages (Woodsworth and others, 1977). The southwest to northeast zonation is interpreted as forming in the thermal aureole of Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary plutons of the Coast Plutonic Complex. The Bralorne deposit is associated with Late Cretaceous (86-91 Ma) porphyry dikes. The Bralorne- Pioneer district mines produced 129.96 tomes Au between 1899 and 1978 from 7.3 19 million tonnes ore (Dawson and others, 1991). Proven and probable reserves for Bralorne in 1991 were 965,000 tonnes grading 9.3 g/t Au (MINFILE, 2002). Fish Lake Porphyry Cu-Au (Ag-Mo-Zn) Deposit The Fish Lake porphyry Cu-Au (Ag-Mo-Zn) deposit consists of pyrite and chalcopyrite with minor molybdenite, bornite, sphalerite and tetrahedrite which occur in stockwork veins (EMR Canada, 1989; McMillan, 1991 ; Taseko Mines Ltd., news release, May 4, 1993; Caira and others, 1995; MINFILE, 2002). The deposit is hosted mainly in: (I) contact metamorphosed Early Cretaceous(?) andesite flows and volcaniclastic rocks which occur in an embayment in a porphyritic quartz diorite stock; (2) an associated, east-west-elongated complex of subparallel quartz-feldspar porphyry dikes; and (3) disseminations in a Late Cretaceous quartz-diorite porphyry and in adjacent contact-metamorphosed Early Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks (McMillan, 1991; Taseko Mines Ltd., news release, May 4, 1993). The quartz diorite stock exhibits a U-Pb zircon isotopic age of about 80 Ma (Schiarizza and Riddell, 1997), and the biotite hornfels exhibits a K-Ar whole-rock isotopic age of 77.2 Ma (Wolfhard, 1976). The principal orebody is ovoid shaped with dimensions of 1500 m by 800 m and a maximum depth of 880 m. Estimated resource are 1,148 million tonnes grading 0.22% Cu and 0.41 g/t Au (Wolfhard, 1976; McMillan, 1991; Caira and others, 1995). Maggie Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit The Maggie (Bonaparte River) porphyry Cu-Mo deposit consists of chalcopyrite and molybdenite occurring in fine disseminations in quartz veins and in host rock, and in narrow veinlets in or bordering quartz and calcite veins. The deposit is hosted by the early Tertiary Maggie quartz monzonite stock, with a K-Ar isotopic age of 61 Ma, which intrudes metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of Cache Creek terrane (Miller, 1976). The stock occurs several tens of kilometers east of other plutons in the Fish Lake-Bralorne metallogenic belt. Chalcopyrite and molybdenite occur in quartz veins and are disseminated in the stock. High Cu and Mo grades occur in overlapping potassic and phyllic alteration, and lower Cu and Mo grades occur in phyllic and argilIic alteration. Estimated resources are 181 million tonnes grading 0.28% Cu and 0.029% MoSz (Miller, 1976). Poison Mountain Porphyry Cu-Mo (Ag-Au) Deposit. The Poison Mountain Cu-Mo (Ag-Au) porphyry deposit consists of pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, and bornite which occur in veinlets, fracture fillings and disseminations (Brown, 1995; MINFILE, 2002). The deposit is concentrated at the contacts between a quartz diorite porphyry stock and dikes, with isotopic ages of 59 Ma, and contact-metamorphosed Early Cretaceous graywacke of the Jackass Mountain Group which is part of the Methow terrane. The deposit is surrounded by concentric zones of potassic, phyllic, and propylitic alteration. Concentric zones of copper sulfide and minor oxide minerals surround a barren granodiorite core. Estimated reserves, at 0.15% Cu cut-off, are: (1) in the oxide zone, 40.2 million tonnes grading 0.228% CU (s),
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
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Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
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FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
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island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
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-- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
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(TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
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(4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
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Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
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(5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
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continental-margin terranes which w
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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
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olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
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Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
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- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
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Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
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immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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which would be hosted in the early
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Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
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Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
Page 244 and 245: I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
Page 246 and 247: .r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
Page 248 and 249: closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
Page 250 and 251: - Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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Page 254 and 255: Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
Page 256 and 257: Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
Page 258 and 259: metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
Page 260 and 261: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 262 and 263: Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 264 and 265: Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
Page 266 and 267: Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
Page 268 and 269: Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
Page 270 and 271: Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
Page 272 and 273: Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
Page 274 and 275: A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
Page 276 and 277: 0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
Page 278 and 279: others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
Page 280 and 281: Cross section - - South greisen zon
Page 282 and 283: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 284 and 285: 198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
Page 286 and 287: Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
Page 290 and 291: CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
Page 292 and 293: n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
Page 296 and 297: 0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
Page 298 and 299: Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
Page 300 and 301: Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
Page 302 and 303: million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
Page 304 and 305: extension. The Coryell Suite is int
Page 306 and 307: elated deposits. Forming in the bac
Page 308 and 309: Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 310 and 311: Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
Page 312 and 313: Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
Page 316 and 317: (5) A major orthogonal junction for
Page 318 and 319: Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
Page 320 and 321: occur in these tabular, altered sil
Page 322 and 323: summarlzed above are used by analog
Page 324 and 325: the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
Page 326 and 327: metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
Page 328 and 329: References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
Page 330 and 331: Society of America Abstracts with P
Page 332 and 333: Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
Page 334 and 335: Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
Page 336 and 337: Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
Page 338 and 339: the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
Page 340 and 341: during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
Page 342 and 343: Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
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lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
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MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
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Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
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Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
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Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
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1993: British Columbia Geological S
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Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
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Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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