Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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in the west-central part of the Russian Southeast. The belt contains major W skarn deposits at Benevskoe and Vostok-2, small porphyry Cu-Mo deposits at Khvoshchovoe, Kafen, and Malakhitovoe, and a porphyry Mo deposit at Skalistoe (table 4) (Nokleberg and others 1997a, b, 1998). The deposits are hosted in Early to mid-Cretaceous granodiorite porphyry, granite, and gabbro-diorite. The southern-most part of the Samarka metallogenic belt occurs in a displaced fragment of the Samarka terrane which is displaced along a left-lateral, north-east-trending strike-slip fault (fig. 61). The small W skarn deposit at Benevskoe occurs in this displaced fragment. Also possibly part of the same Samarka metallogenic belt is a younger, Paleocene porphyry Cu- Mo deposit at Skalistoe (fig. 61). This deposit consists of veinlet molybdenum ore and wolframite which occur in a subvolcanic granite porphyry. Alternatively, the Skalistoe deposit may be part of post-accretionary Luzhkinsky rnetallogenic belt described below. Vostok-2 W Skarn Deposit The major productive Vostok-2 deposit (fig. 64) (Stepanov, 1977; Rostovsky and others, 1987) consists of vein and sheet skarn which formed in several stages. An older stage consists dominantly of pyroxene, plagioclase, amphibole, and garnet. A subsequent stage consists of greisen alteration of skam and granitoid rocks with formation of quartz, feldspar, and muscovite, along with minor chlorite and biotite which contains scheelite and apatite, and minor arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. A late stage consists of scheelite and quartz with followed by crystallization of low temperature scheelite and arsenopyrite. The deposit occurs along the flat to steeply-dipping contacts of granitoid plutons which intrude olistostromes of large, Carboniferous- Permian limestone and calcareous-shale. Successive skarn and greisen alternation of limestone preceded the deposition of scheelite and other minerals, including gold and apatite, locally up to a few tens of percent. Plagiogranite with an approximate K- Ar age of 110 ma is interpreted as forming with the deposlt. The deposit is large with average grades of 0.65% WzO3 and 1.64% Cu. The deposit has been mined since the 1980's. The olistosh-omes which host the Samarka belt of Sn and W skarn deposits are derived from the caps of guyots which are enclosed in a matrix host of highly-deformed Jurassic sedimentary rocks in the accretionary wedge complex of the Samarka terrane. The skarns are hosted in limestone layers and occur along the contacts of calcareous and alumosilicate clastic rock. Benevskoe W Skarn Deposit The small Benevskoe W skarn deposit (V.D. Shlemchenko and others, written cornmun., 1983) occurs along the margin of an Early Cretaceous biotite, peraluminous granite which intrudes olistoliths of Permian sedimentary shales and interbedded with limestone. The skarn occurs in altered limestone. Various mineral assemblages are magnetite, gamel, pyroxene-garnet, garnet-epidote, and garnet-orthoclase. Late-stage quartz-feldspar and quartz-amphibole overgrowths which replace the skarns and locally contain disseminated scheelite. Late-stage quartz-sericite and zeolite alterations also occur. The major ore minerals are scheelite with minor magnetite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and rare cassiterite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, amphibole, epidote, biotite, and tourmaline. Easily-concentrated apatite also exists. The deposit is small with average grades of 0.44 to 3.15% Wz03. As to the north, small porphyry Cu-Mo occurrences also occur in this part of the metallogenic belt. Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Samarka Metallogenic Belt The W skarn deposits of the Samarka metallogenic belt occur near mainly Early Cretaceous, S-type granitoid rocks which intrude the Samarka accretionary-wedge terrane. The host granitoid rocks and associated deposits are herein interpreted as forming in underthrusting of the Kula oceanic ridge and resultant genesis of bimodal igneous activity along the transform continental margin of the Russian Southeast (A.I. Khanchuk, written cornmun., 1997; Khanchuk and others, 1998). K-Ar isotopic studies indicate inh-usive ages of 1 I0 to 115 Ma for the granitoid rocks hosting the deposits (Rostovsky, 1987; Stepanov, 1977). Algama Metallogenic Belt of Stratiform Zr Deposits (Belt AL) Northern Part of Russian Southeast The Algama metallogenic belt of stratiform Zr deposits (fig. 61; tables 2. 3) occurs to the north of the Kondyor massif at Algama in the southeastern part of the Stanovoy block of the North Asian Craton (unit NSS; Nokleberg and others, 1997b, 1998). in the western part of the Khabarovsk province of the Russian Southeast. The deposits are hosted in Vendian carbonate rock. The belt contains many small occurrences and a significant deposit at Algaminskoe which has been drilled and explored by underground workings (Nekrasov and Korzhinsky, 1991). The Algaminskoe deposit consists of hydrozircon and baddeleyite which occurs with a colloform texture. The ore occurs in long lenses, conformable to a layer of cavernous dolomite marble which ranges up to about 40 m thick, and in zones which crosscut metamorphosed Vendian metasedimentary rocks. The baddeleyite deposits are interpreted as forming during hypogene and supergene alteration which was associated with karst formation. The U- Pb zircon isotopic age of baddeleyite is approximately 100 Ma (J.N. Aleinikoff, written commun., 1992). The origin of the stratiform Zr deposits is interpreted as related to alkalic igneous rocks, possibly including carbonatite, which were associated with the late stage intrusion of the zoned mafic-ultramafic rocks, possibly part of the same belt of Late Jurassic to midCretaceous intrusives at Kondyor. With this interpretation. the Algama belt formed during intrusion of alkali igneous rock associated with
i I I p m ~ - l Sitrstone and sanWwm (Late Paleozoic) a s s GranOdiorife (Em I.LI Cretaceous) 0 100 200 300 M ,- Fault I / Contact Figwrr44, Vmbk-2 W skim dqxrsit, Luzhkinsky metallogenic belt, Russian Southeast.Schematic $edaglc mapatd5m oh ~ ~ ~ . % r e p e(l9?7). n o v Kondyar knotalfoganlc Belt of Zoned Mflc-Ultramak Cr-POE Deposits (Belt KO) Northern Part of Russian Southeast The Kondyor metallogenic belt of zoned mafic-ultramafic PGE-Cr deposits (fig 6 1 ; tables 3,4) oscm in several zoned intrusians (Kondyar, Chad, Ingagli, Sy-Bakn, Usmun-Dara, Arbarastakh) which in a linear direction across Khabmvsk territory
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
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Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
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FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
Page 122 and 123: island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
Page 124 and 125: -- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
Page 126 and 127: (TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
Page 128 and 129: (4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 130 and 131: lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
Page 132 and 133: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 134 and 135: Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
Page 138 and 139: (5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 140 and 141: Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
Page 142 and 143: continental-margin terranes which w
Page 144 and 145: Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 148 and 149: Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
Page 150 and 151: subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
Page 152 and 153: shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
Page 154 and 155: ocks and serpentinite which occur a
Page 156 and 157: interpreted as forming in the Juras
Page 158 and 159: Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
Page 160 and 161: Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
Page 162 and 163: tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
Page 164 and 165: Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
Page 166 and 167: Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
Page 168 and 169: ---. .% of the North American Conti
Page 170 and 171: - OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
Page 174 and 175: for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
Page 176 and 177: Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
Page 178 and 179: Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
Page 180 and 181: Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
Page 182 and 183: comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
Page 184 and 185: The Au quartz vein deposits are int
Page 186 and 187: leucogranite plutons form large, ho
Page 188 and 189: + , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
Page 190 and 191: - . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
Page 192 and 193: Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
Page 194 and 195: Specific Events for Late Early Cret
Page 196 and 197: Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
Page 198 and 199: - Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
Page 200 and 201: Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
Page 202 and 203: quartz vein deposits of the Souther
Page 204 and 205: Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
Page 206 and 207: along the western end in the Eagle
Page 208 and 209: 101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
Page 210 and 211: I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
Page 212 and 213: ., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
Page 214 and 215: I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
Page 216 and 217: Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
Page 218 and 219: The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
Page 220 and 221: olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
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Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
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- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
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Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
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immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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which would be hosted in the early
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Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
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Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
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I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
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.r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
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closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
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- Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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intrude and crosscut both the relat
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Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
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Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
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metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
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Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
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Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
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Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
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Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
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A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
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0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
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others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
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Cross section - - South greisen zon
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198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
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Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
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CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
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0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
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Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
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extension. The Coryell Suite is int
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elated deposits. Forming in the bac
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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(5) A major orthogonal junction for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
Page 342 and 343:
Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
Page 348 and 349:
lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
Page 350 and 351:
MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
Page 354 and 355:
Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
Page 359 and 360:
Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
Page 361 and 362:
1993: British Columbia Geological S
Page 363 and 364:
Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
Page 367 and 368:
Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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