Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Left Omolon Metallogenic Belt The Left Omolon metallogenic blt occurs dong the northeast marginal of the Omolon crabnal terrane. Two possible tectonic settings are interpreted for the Early Cretaceous granitic intrusions hosting this metallogenic belt: (1) The Early Cretaceous granitic intrusions may be a transverse, neariy orthogonal branch of the Cretaceous Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanicplutonic belt; or (2) the Early Cretaceous granitic intrusives, as interpreted herein, are part of the Oloy-Svyatoy Nos volcanic belt that constitute part of the Early Cretaceous Oloy continental-margin magmatic arc which occurs to the norrheast of the Omolon cratonal terrane (fig. 6 1) (Nokleberg and others, 1994~~ 1997b, c, 1998; 2000). Western-Southeastern Alaska Metallogenic Belt of Granitic-Magmatism-Related Deposits (Belt WSE) Southeastern Alaska The Western-southeastern Alaska metallogenic belt of granitic-magmatism-rehtd &posits (fig. 662; tables 3,4) oms in Southeastern Alaska, and is hosted in Early to mid-Cretaceous pitoid plutons of the Muir-Chichagof plutonic belt which intrude the Wrangellia superterrane (Nokleberg and others, 1995a). The significant deposits are in the Jumbo Cu-Au skarn district, and the Bokan Mountain felsic plutonic U-REE deposit (table 4) (NokJeberg and others 1997a, b, 1998). Jumbo Cu-Au Skarn Deposit The Jumbo Cu-Au skarn district includes sigmf3cant deposit at Jumbo, several small deposits at Magnetite Cliff, Copper Mountain, and Corbin, and lesser deposits at Late Magnetite, Oonnason, Houghton, Green Monster, and Hetta. All of the deposits occur within a few kilometus of the Jumbo deposit. The Jumbo district contains an estimated 280,000 tow of ore grading 45% Fe and 0.73% Cu, and has produced 4.6 million kg Cu, 220,000 g Au, and 2.73 million g Ag from 1 11,503 tomes of ore (Kennedy, 1953; Herreid and olhers, 1978; Newbeny and others, 1997). The deposits are hosted in, or lie adjacent to early Paleozoic marble and pelitic metasedimentary rocks of the Wales Grwp of the Alexander sequence where intruded by mid- Cretaceous hornblende-biotite granodiorite which exhibit concordant hornblende and biotite K-Ar isotopic ages of 103 Ma. The Jumbo deposit consists of chalcopyrite, magnetite, sphalerite, and molybdenite in skarn which occurs at the contact between marble and a granodiorite stock. Gangue is mainly diopside and garnet. The deposit has k n explored by more than 3.2 km of underground workings and is the largest in the district. Tbc Magnetite Cliff deposit consists of a 25-m-thick shell of magnetite which mantles granodiorite in contact with gamct-diopside skam. The skam contains 2% to 3% chalcopyrite, estimated reswrces of 335,600 tonnes grading 46% Fe and 0.77% Cu. The Copper Mountain deposit consists of scattered chakopyrite and copper carbonate in diopside endoskarn which conlains veins and masses of epidote, garnet, magnetite, and scapolite near podiorite. This deposit has produced 101,800 kg Cu, 321,300 g Ag, and 4,5 10 g Ay and has about 410 m of tunnels and shafts. Bokan Mountain Felsic plutonic &REE d-it The Bokan Mountain felsic plutonic U-REE deposit (fig. 71) consists of disseminated U, Th, REE, and niobate minerals, including uranothorite, uranoan thorianite, uraninite, xenotime, allanite. monazite, pyrite, galena, zircon, and fluorite which occur in an irregular, steeply-dipping pipe of Jurassic peralkaline granite (Warner and Barker, 1989; Brew and others, 1991; Berg, 1984; Foley and others, 1997; Thompson, 197). The deposit produced about 109,000 tonnes gradiog about 1% U3Qs; Th was not recovered. Most of ore was produced hrn a crudely cigar-shaped upper part of the pluton. The central zone which contains the deposit grades outward into oonnal granite. Associated pegmatite and vein REE, Nb, Th, and U deposits acwr in the outer parts of granite or adjacent country rock, which consists of metamorphosed early Paleozoic gcanilic and sedimentary rocks of Alexander sequence. Origin of and Tectonlc Conbok for Western-Southeastem Alaska MetaIlagenlc Ben The Westem-Southeastern Alaska metallogenic belt is hosted in the Jurassic(?) and Early to mid-Cretaceous grmitoid plutons of the Muir-Chichagof plutanic belt which are interprekd by Plafker and others (198%) as part of the granitoid roots of the Late Jurassic to EarJy and mid-Cretaceous Gravina arc. The U-REE deposits in the belt, as at Bokan Mountaio, may have formed in extensional setting (Goldfarb, 1997), possibly in a back-arc environment. The Western-Southeastern Alaska metallogenic belt is interpreted as a northern extension of the Island metallogenic belt to the south, and as the southeastern extension of the Eastem-Southem Alaska metallogenic belt. All three metallogenic belts are hosted in the Late Jurassic through mid-Cretaceous Gravina island arc which was built on the Wrangellia superterrane. The Gravina island an: is interpreted as forming on the northern, or leading edge of the Wrangellia island-arc terrane during migration towards North America (Nokleberg and others, 1984, 1985,2000; NoMeberg and Lange, 1985a; Plafker and others, 1989; Plafker and Berg, 1994). The Gravina arc and associated granitic magmatism deposits are tectonicaHy linked to the youngerpart of the McHugh Complex wbich Forms the northern part of the Chugach subduction zone and accretionary wedge complex (Nokleberg and others, 2000).
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
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Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
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1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
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FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
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disseminations in chert, disseminat
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U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
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terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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. I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
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Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
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individual flows range from 5 cm to
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occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
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along the with tectonically-related
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: m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
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island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
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-- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
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(TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
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(4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
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Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
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(5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 140 and 141: Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
Page 142 and 143: continental-margin terranes which w
Page 144 and 145: Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 146 and 147: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 148 and 149: Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
Page 150 and 151: subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
Page 152 and 153: shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
Page 154 and 155: ocks and serpentinite which occur a
Page 156 and 157: interpreted as forming in the Juras
Page 158 and 159: Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
Page 160 and 161: Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
Page 162 and 163: tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
Page 164 and 165: Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
Page 166 and 167: Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
Page 168 and 169: ---. .% of the North American Conti
Page 170 and 171: - OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
Page 172 and 173: in the west-central part of the Rus
Page 174 and 175: for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
Page 176 and 177: Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
Page 178 and 179: Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
Page 180 and 181: Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
Page 182 and 183: comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
Page 184 and 185: The Au quartz vein deposits are int
Page 186 and 187: leucogranite plutons form large, ho
Page 188 and 189: + , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
Page 192 and 193: Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
Page 194 and 195: Specific Events for Late Early Cret
Page 196 and 197: Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
Page 198 and 199: - Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
Page 200 and 201: Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
Page 202 and 203: quartz vein deposits of the Souther
Page 204 and 205: Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
Page 206 and 207: along the western end in the Eagle
Page 208 and 209: 101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
Page 210 and 211: I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
Page 212 and 213: ., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
Page 214 and 215: I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
Page 216 and 217: Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
Page 218 and 219: The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
Page 220 and 221: olistolith. The deposit is currentl
Page 222 and 223: the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
Page 224 and 225: Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
Page 226 and 227: Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
Page 228 and 229: - El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
Page 230 and 231: Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
Page 232 and 233: immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
Page 234 and 235: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 236 and 237: which would be hosted in the early
Page 238 and 239: Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
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Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
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I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
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.r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
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closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
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- Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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intrude and crosscut both the relat
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Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
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Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
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metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
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Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
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Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
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Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
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Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
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A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
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0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
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others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
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Cross section - - South greisen zon
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198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
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Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
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CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
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0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
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Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
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extension. The Coryell Suite is int
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elated deposits. Forming in the bac
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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(5) A major orthogonal junction for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
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Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
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lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
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MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
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Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
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Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
Page 361 and 362:
1993: British Columbia Geological S
Page 363 and 364:
Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
Page 367 and 368:
Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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