Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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stage albite and peripheral propylitic alteration. Potassic and scapolitic alteration crosscuts albite and propylitic alteration (Ross and others, 1992, 1993, 1995). The Afton deposit consists of a tabular-shaped body of chalcopyrite and bomite which is hosted in fractured diorite of the Cheny Creek pluton. A deeply penetrating supergene zone contains native copper and lesser chalcocite. Aggregate pre-production reserves and production for the Ajax East and West deposits and for the Afton deposit are 66 million tonnes grading 0.77% Cu and 0.56 glt Au. The common occurrence of picrite intrusions along faults which cut the Nicola Group and their association with the porphyry deposits in the Iron Mask pluton indicate which regional, steeplydipping faults controlled emplacement of the plutons in the batholith and also served as conduits for mineralizing fluids. An U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 207 Ma (Late Triassic) for the Cheny Creek pluton. Deep drilling in 2001-2002 southwesl of and below the Afton orebody by DRC Resources Corporation has proven a resource of 34.3 million tonnes of 1.55% Cu, 1.14 g/t Au, 3.42 g/t Ag and 0.125 g/t Pd in the Main Zone, and an additional 1.1 million tonnes of similar material in the Northeast Zone. The roughly tabular body is 850 m long, 750 m deep, and 70 m wide, and is open to length and depth. The deposit exhibitsboth hydrothermal and magmatic characteristics (DRC Resources Corp, news release April 2003). Mt. Polley (Cariboo-Bell) Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit The Mt. Polley (Cariboo-Bell) Porphyry Cu-Au deposit consists of magnetite, chalcopyrite and minor pyrite which occur in several intrusive phases and three distinct breccias in an Early Jurassic pseudoleucite-bearing alkaline complex which intrudes Upper Triassic Nicola alkaline volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Quesnel trough (EMR Canada, 1989; McMillan, 199 1; Mining Review, 1991; Gosh, 1992; Fraser and others, 1993; MINFILE, 2002). Some skarn and vein occurs in tuff and flows of the Nicola Assemblage. Supergene mineralization includes malachite, native copper, cuprite, chalcocite and covellite. The deposit contains proven reserves of 76.5 million tomes grading 0.30% Cu, 0.47 g/t Au. Production through 1999 was 15.26 million tonnes with 341,000 g Ag, 6,858,448 g Au, and 31,637,173 kg Cu (MINFILE, 2002). A U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 200 * 1.5 Ma for diorite and a monzonite porphyry indicates an Early Jurassic age for intrusion of the host granitoid rocks. Lodestone Mountain Zoned Mafic-Ultramafic Fe-Ti Deposit The Lodestone Mountain zoned mafic-ultramatic Fe-Ti deposit consists of titaniferous magnetite and ilmenite which occur in pods and lenses and as disseminated grains in pyroxenite of the Tulameen zoned mafic-ultramafic (Alaskan type) complex (St. Louis and others, 1986; Nixon and others, 1997). The deposit contains estimated reserves of 8 1.65 million tonnes grading 17.56% Fe (EMR Canada, 1989). Minor Pt and Pd are reported. Reported Ti content of magnetite is 1%. An additional 249 million tons of possible and inferred ore is estimated. The deposit is interpreted as forming primarily by magmatic differentiation. The Late Triassic Tulameen layered mafic-ultramafic (Alaskan-type) complex is coeval, and in part cogenetic with adjacent gabbro plutons of the Lost Horse intrusive complex (Findlay, 1969). The complex intrudes basaltic andesite of the Nicola Group. Several lode and placer Pt-Pd deposits occur at Grasshopper Mountain in the Tulameen Complex (Findlay, 1969). Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Copper Mountain (South) Metallogenic Belt The Copper Mountain (South) metallogenic belt is hosted in the Copper Mountain plutonic suite. Syenite, rnonzonite, and monzodiorite are most common, but diorite, monzogranite, clinopyroxenite occur locally. The porphyry Cu-Au deposits are hosted in the felsic plutons, whereas the major Fe-Ti deposit at Lodestone Mountain is hosted in zoned mafic-ultramafic rocks. Many felsic plutons are lithologically and texturally complex, with multiple phases of intrusion and potassic metasomatism, characterized by abundant apatite and magnetite. Some plutons are nepheline-and leucite-normative; others are both quartz- saturated and quartz-undersaturated (Woodsworth and others, 1991 ). The deposits in the Copper Mountain (South) and (North) metallogenic belts are part of the subduction related Quesnellia island arc (Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Nokleberg and others, 2000). In both the Copper Mountain (North) and Copper Mountain (South) metallogenic belts, many of the porphyry CU-AU deposits occur in alkaline plutons. Isotopic ages indicate intrusion of host granitoid plutons and formation of associated mineral deposits occurred from about 207 to 197 Ma in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic (Ross and others, 1995; Stanley and others, 1995). This age represents the end of subduction-related igneous building of Quesnellia island arc, just before accretion of the Quesnellia terrane, along the with tectonically-related Stikinia island arc and Cache Creek and Slide Mountain subduction-zone terranes, onto the North American Craton Margin (Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Nokleberg and others, 2000). Guichon Metallogenic Belt of Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au and Au Skam Deposits (Belt GU) Southern British Columbia The Guichon metallogenic belt of porphyry Cu-Mo-Au and Au skarn deposits (fig. 32; tables 3,4) occurs in southern British Columbia and is associated with the Guichon Suite of numerous large calc-alkaline granitoid plutons hosted by the western Quesnellia island-arc terrane. The Guichon Suite has close spatial and temporal affinities with the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
Page 70 and 71: Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
Page 72 and 73: WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
Page 74 and 75: interpreted by and as part of a ext
Page 76 and 77: Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
Page 78 and 79: interpreted as vents. The deposit c
Page 80 and 81: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 86 and 87: hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
Page 88 and 89: origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
Page 92 and 93: Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
Page 94 and 95: Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
Page 96 and 97: 1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
Page 98 and 99: FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
Page 100 and 101: disseminations in chert, disseminat
Page 102 and 103: U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
Page 104 and 105: terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
Page 108 and 109: Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
Page 110 and 111: . I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
Page 112 and 113: Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
Page 114 and 115: individual flows range from 5 cm to
Page 116 and 117: occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
Page 118 and 119: along the with tectonically-related
Page 122 and 123: island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
Page 124 and 125: -- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
Page 126 and 127: (TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
Page 128 and 129: (4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 130 and 131: lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
Page 134 and 135: Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
Page 138 and 139: (5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 140 and 141: Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
Page 142 and 143: continental-margin terranes which w
Page 144 and 145: Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
Page 148 and 149: Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
Page 150 and 151: subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
Page 152 and 153: shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
Page 154 and 155: ocks and serpentinite which occur a
Page 156 and 157: interpreted as forming in the Juras
Page 158 and 159: Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
Page 160 and 161: Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
Page 162 and 163: tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
Page 164 and 165: Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
Page 166 and 167: Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
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olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
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Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
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- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
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Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
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immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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which would be hosted in the early
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Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
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Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
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I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
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.r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
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closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
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- Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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intrude and crosscut both the relat
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Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
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Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
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metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
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Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
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Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
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Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
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Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
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A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
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0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
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others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
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Cross section - - South greisen zon
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198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
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Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
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CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
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0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
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Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
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extension. The Coryell Suite is int
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elated deposits. Forming in the bac
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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(5) A major orthogonal junction for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
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the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
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Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
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lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
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MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
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Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
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Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
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Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
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Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
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1993: British Columbia Geological S
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Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
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Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
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lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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