Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposit The Pokrovskoe Au-Ag epithermal vein deposit (Khomich and others, 1978; Mel'nikov, 1984; V.D. Mel'nikov, written commun., 1993; Khomich, 1990) occurs in Late Cretaceous andeeite, dacite andesite, and related tuff. This volcanic sequence overlies a Jurassic coal-bearing sequence of sandstone, siltstox, and argillite. The ore bodies consist of gently-dipping quartz veins and zones of hydrothermal alteration. Main alteration types are propylitization (albite, micite, calcite, chlorite, and pyrite), berezitization (quartz, seric~te, and hydromica), and argillization (kaobte, montmorillonite, hydromica, carbonates, quartz, and pyrite). The largest ore bodies ax gently-dippingzm of altered rock, located near the lower contact of andesitic sequema with a granodiorite porphyry sill. Hyd~othtrmally altered rocks consist of quartz (25-85%), carbonate (2-5%). hydromica (5-12%). adularia (up to 5%), kaol~nite (5-7%), and sutfides (less than 1% and mostly pyrite). Gold is fme-pined (0.0005 to 0.032 mm), is associated with quartz, and is virtually not associated with sulfides. Silver grains (0.002 to 0.016 mm) were observed in Fehydroxide alteration. The deposit is medium size with reserves of: 15 million tomes grading 4.4 g/t Au and 15 glt Ag. The deposit is interpreted as forming in the Late Cretaceous. Pioneer Granitoid-Related Au Deposil The Pioneer granitoid-rehted Au deposit V.E. Mdyarnis and V.E. Boc-4 dtten txunmm., 1990; V.N. Akatkin. written commun., 199 1) occun XEK the margin of an Early C~tateous granodiorite intrusion, bofh with the intrusion, md in adjacent country rock of contact-metamorphosed Jurassic m&tone and siltstone. The ore bodies consist of quartz, quartzfeldspar, quartz-tourmal~w, and quartz-carbonate veins and zoacs of dttred qmlz-potassium felbpar-wicitaalbite rocks. The ore bodies vary from 1 to 50 m thick, and in plan branch with variable trends. The are bodies m large, have low Au content, and have no visible boundaries. The extent of mioemhakion is dctemhed by geochemical samplwag. BMtr gold and Au-sulfide bodit% are recognized. The gold ore type cansists dqW-aduluia-carbonate veins, and the Au-aulfide type consists of quartz veh with pyrite, galena, stibnite, and A@t-dfosalts. The dapasit ie d l , with estimated rema? of 17.1 tonne Ay 20.1 tonne Ag, d average grades of grade 2.7 g/I Au, md 5.2 g/t Ag. Origin of and Tectonic Controls for North Bureya Metallogenk Belt The Umlekan-Ogodzhin volcanic-plutonic belt (Volsdry, 1983; Kozlovsky, 1988) whkh hosts tbe North Bureya metal logenic be1 t consists chiefly of: (1) Exrly Cretaceous sandstone, conglomemte, and mudstone with aparse flora 4 freshwater fauna; (2) Early Cretww calc-alkalic andmite, dacitz, and tuff which yield K-Ar isotopic qes of 112-135 Ua; and (3) Late Cretaceous alkalic basalt and rhyolite. The belt is isW By coeval Wly Ctetaww Zganite, g~an*rite, &orb, d monzodiorite. Some granltoid plutcm are probably Late J ~ i c w , older because derired detrihs occurs in the Early Cretaceous part of section of the Umlekaa-Ogodzhin igneous belt. This belt was depasited on Gonzba tenrane, and an hbnyn d T m terranes of Bureya superterrane after collision of these ter~8a89 with the Tulmhgm-Dzhagdinsk ternme (Nakl.&rg aad otbemp, 1994c, 1997~). The Umlekan-Ogodzhin volcanic-plutonic belt belt wnstitwes part of the Udekan conaatal-m arc wbb is interpreted as forming from subduction of part of the ancestral Pacific Ocean plate which is now preserved as kctoniedly interwoven fragments of the Badzhal (BD), older Jurassic, part part of the Khabmovsk (KB), and Smarka (SMA) ~~. This tectonic pairing is based on: (I) occufience of the accretionary-wedge terranes outboard (oeeanwd) of tbi! Umleleaa arc (fig. 48); (2) formation of milange structures during the Jurassic and Early Gretaceous (NoIdeberg and otks, 1994s: binchuk and others, 1 996); and (3) where not disrupted by extensive Cretacsous and early Cenozoic movement aloag, the GentPal Siho-Aline strikeslip fault, the melange structures and bo'lmding fa& dip toward and beneath the igneous units of the arc. Sub8uctbn is generally interpreted as ending in the Early Cretaceous when extensive skWal faulting occurred along the subductim zone (Khanchuk and others, 1996). Chersky-Argatass Ranges Inferred Metallogenic Belt of Kuroko Massive Sulfide Deposits (Belt CAR) West-Central Part of Russian Northeast An infed metallogenic belt of kuroko d v e sulfide &posits (Q. 48; tables 3,4) occuts in the ~ t ~ t rpart a of l the Russian Northeasl The me&ganic bk is hosted in Me Jwassic volcanic rocks in the Cbersky and kga@s Ranges in the Indigirka-Oloy sedimentary-volcanic assemblqt (unit io. fig .48) (NWeberg md otbers, 19&, 199%). The belt extends northwest for nearly 700 km and oocm in f m arws which re up to 35 to 30 km wide each @aailuv ancf orhem, 1990). The significant deposit is at Khotoidokh in the northwest part ofthe bell ( ale 4) (Noklekg and o h 1997% b, 1998).
I KhotoMokh Kuroko Massive SuMde Deposit The Khotoidoh Kuroko massive sulfide deposit (fig. 5 1) (G.G. Naumov, written cornmun., 1987; Danilov and others., 1990; Dylevsky and others, 1996) consists of a steeply-dipping stratiform body of massive sulfides in a lens which ranges up to 13 m wide and 450 m long. The lens is hosted in Late Jurassic sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The deposit is underlain by rhyolite and overlain by siltstone. The main ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite, and barite. Also occwring are bornite, native Au, native Ag and matildite. The ores vary from massive to thin-banded. The ore is regionally metamorphosed, and wallrock metasomatic alteration includes propylitic, and late-stage silica and sericite alternation. The host rocks are the Sh* and siticetous shde Rhyolite I,. ,l basalt I I I I I I , , , , , , , Basalt and amsite- I I I I I I - Dogdln Suite (Late Jurassic) Andesite, andesite- basalt, luff,*plite 1 ~ m - h Suite rto~s.basalt OWS. d (Late Jurassic) t&&ous sartdstoneJ Subvdcak and extrusive rhyollt. ~hmst fault (a, plan view; b, b Cross section) \ Fault, sense of displammt unknown / Contact ~ 8 0 " Strike and dip of bedding Figwe 51. K h ku& PbZn ~ massive ~ sulfide deposit, Schematic geologic map and cross section Adapted fiWn Dylevsky, UW, Chfa&4yttass hge6 rnetolbgenic belt, Russian Northeast. Schematic geologic map and crass sedfMI. i?d&ppted from DWskjr. ZuyW. and Sl-zpIkmn (1996). Kimmeridgian Dogdin F'ormb which is about 450 m thick. This formation consists of marine, thin-baddbd clastic sediWkry rocks which are interbedded with rhydite lava and tuff and, to a smaller extent, with basalt and andesitebedt The volcanic rods in the deposit arc a bimodal rhyolite-basalt assemblage similar to which of island arcs. The environment of fonmtiioai of&@ . dqmsit is similirr to W h of the Miocene Kuroko massive sulfide deposits of the Green Tuff belt in Japan hm m%#H are 180,000 t pb, 900,000 1 Zb, 150,000 t Cu, and about 1,000 t Ag. The average grades are 5.15% Pb, 14.!9?! h, 0.7% c~u, 0-5- 1.0 g/t Au and PKH~ h n 100 g/t Ag.
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
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occur in clastic and impure carbona
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Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
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I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
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Ma which locally form extensive plu
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Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
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from crystalline basement of craton
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Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
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McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
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[..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
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Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
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.- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
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Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
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several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
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Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
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WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
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interpreted by and as part of a ext
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Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
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interpreted as vents. The deposit c
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hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
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origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
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Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
Page 94 and 95: Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
Page 96 and 97: 1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
Page 98 and 99: FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
Page 100 and 101: disseminations in chert, disseminat
Page 102 and 103: U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
Page 104 and 105: terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
Page 106 and 107: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 108 and 109: Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
Page 110 and 111: . I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
Page 112 and 113: Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
Page 114 and 115: individual flows range from 5 cm to
Page 116 and 117: occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
Page 118 and 119: along the with tectonically-related
Page 120 and 121: : m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
Page 122 and 123: island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
Page 124 and 125: -- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
Page 126 and 127: (TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
Page 128 and 129: (4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 130 and 131: lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
Page 134 and 135: Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
Page 138 and 139: (5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 140 and 141: Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
Page 142 and 143: continental-margin terranes which w
Page 148 and 149: Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
Page 150 and 151: subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
Page 152 and 153: shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
Page 154 and 155: ocks and serpentinite which occur a
Page 156 and 157: interpreted as forming in the Juras
Page 158 and 159: Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
Page 160 and 161: Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
Page 162 and 163: tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
Page 164 and 165: Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
Page 166 and 167: Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
Page 168 and 169: ---. .% of the North American Conti
Page 170 and 171: - OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
Page 172 and 173: in the west-central part of the Rus
Page 174 and 175: for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
Page 176 and 177: Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
Page 178 and 179: Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
Page 180 and 181: Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
Page 182 and 183: comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
Page 184 and 185: The Au quartz vein deposits are int
Page 186 and 187: leucogranite plutons form large, ho
Page 188 and 189: + , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
Page 190 and 191: - . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
Page 192 and 193: Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
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olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
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Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
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- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
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Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
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immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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which would be hosted in the early
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Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
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Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
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I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
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.r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
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closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
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- Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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intrude and crosscut both the relat
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Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
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Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
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metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
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Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
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Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
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Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
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Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
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A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
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0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
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others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
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Cross section - - South greisen zon
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198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
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Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
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CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
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0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
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Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
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extension. The Coryell Suite is int
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elated deposits. Forming in the bac
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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(5) A major orthogonal junction for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
Page 328 and 329:
References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
Page 334 and 335:
Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
Page 336 and 337:
Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
Page 338 and 339:
the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
Page 342 and 343:
Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
Page 344 and 345:
House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
Page 348 and 349:
lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
Page 350 and 351:
MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
Page 354 and 355:
Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
Page 359 and 360:
Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
Page 361 and 362:
1993: British Columbia Geological S
Page 363 and 364:
Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
Page 367 and 368:
Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
Page 369 and 370:
lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
Page 371 and 372:
Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
Page 377 and 378:
9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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