Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and ...

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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Dempster Metallogenic Belt In the Middle Devonian, a dramatic change in sedimentation patterns occurred throughout the North American Craton Margin when continental shelf platform assemblages of carbonate and clastic rocks were drowned and starved of clastic sediments before being inundated by mainly turbidite and chert-rich clastic rocks derived from the west and north. The abrupt change from passive-margin to variably coarsening-upward clastic sedimentation represented by the Earn Assemblage is interpreted as the result of local block uplift as a consequence of regional extension or strike-slip faulting (Gordy, 1991; Gordey and Anderson, 1993), or as interpreted herein, related to syndepositional faults which bounded a westerly trending, rift-related trough. The formation of the Dempster metallogenic belt and the similar Macmillan Pass and Gataga metallogenic belts is interpreted as occurring during deposition of the clastic wedge. Macmillan Pass Metallogenic Belt of Zn-Pb-Ag-Ba SEDEX Deposits, Central Yukon Territory (Belt MP) The Macmillan Pass metallogenic belt of SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag-Ba deposits (fig. 17; tables 3,4) occurs in the central Yukon Territory and is hosted in the Devonian and Mississippian sedimentary rocks of Earn Group, part of the North American Craton Margin in the northern Canadian Cordillera. The significant deposits are at Cathy (Bar, Walt, Hess), Gravity (BA), Jeff (Naomi, Baroid), Macmillan Pass (Tom, Jason Main, Jason East), Moose (Spartan, Racicot), Oro (Buc, Mar, Dar, Tang), and Tea (Brock) (table 4) (Nokleberg and others 1997a, b, 1998). Tom, Jason Main, and Jason East Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba SEDEX Deposits Tom, Jason Main, and Jason East SEDEX Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba deposits occur in two or more stratigraphic intervals in the Middle to Late Devonian lower Earn Group. interpreted as part of a Devonian and Mississippian clastic wedge in the MacMillan Pass area. The deposits are interpreted as spatially related to syndepositional faults bounding a rift-related trough filled with fineto coarse-grained siliceous turbiditic clastic rocks(Maclntyre, 1991; Mining Review, 1992). Estimate reserves are 9.3 million tonnes grading 7.5% Pb, 6.2% Zn, and 69.4 g/t Ag for the Tom deposit, and 14.1 million tonne ,s grading 7.09Yo Pt ), 6.57% Zn, and 79.9 g/t Ag for the Jason deposits (MacIntyre, 1991; Mining Review, 1992). The distribution o fore facic :s consist: j of: (1) a Cuand Ag-rich footwall stockwork which is overlain by Pb- and Zn- rich massive sulfide facies; ( 2) an upw rard and 1; ateral gradation into a Zn- and Fe-rich, laminated sulfide facies; and (3) a distal gradation into Ba-rich ore. This distribution is interpreted as forming during a zonal deposition from low-temperature brines exhaled into an anoxic sub-basin (McClay and Bidwell, 1986; Large, 1983). The Jason deposits, 5 krn southwest of Tom, possess similar ore facies but occur closer to a graben margin and are characterized by slump and debris flows and discordant, replacement ore textures. Moose Ba SEDEX Deposit The Moose Ba SEDEX deposit consists of finely laminated barite which occurs in two beds from 25 to 45 meters thick and exposed for 200 to 250 meters along strike (Dawson and Orchard, 1982; Yukon Minfile, 1992). The deposit has estimated reserves of 3.0 million tonnes grading 84% BaS04, 12% to 14% SiO?. The deposit occurs near the base of a shale member of the Middle to Late Devonian lower Earn Group, immediately above an underlying chert pebble conglomerate. The host rocks are interpreted as part of a Devonian and Mississippian clastic wedge. Origin of and Tectonic Setting for MacMillan Pass Metallogenic Belt The MacMillan Pass metallogenic belt of Zn-Pb-Ag-Ba SEDEX deposits is hosted mainly in Late Devonian (Frasnian) units of the North American Craton Margin (Dawson and Orchard, 1982). Most of the SEDEX deposits in the metallogenic belt are related to syndepositional faults which bound a westerly trending, rift-related trough filled with turbiditic siliceous clastic rocks of the lower Earn Group (Abbott, 1986b). The Devonian and Mississippian Earn Group, which hosts the metallogenic belt, represents a dramatic change in sedimentation patterns. The change consisted of drowning of shelf carbonate-clastic platforms and subsequent inundation by turbidite- and chert-rich clastic rock derived from the west and north (Gordey and others, 1991). The abrupt change from passive continental margin sedimentation to variable, coarsening-upward clastic sedimentation is interpreted as the result of local block uplift as a consequence of regional extension related to rifting or strike-slip faulting (Gordey, 1992), or a consequence of ensialic arc magmatism, uplift and foreland clastic wedge deposition (Gabrielse and others, 1982).
Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu-Au Deposits (Belt FL) Southern Yukon Territory The Finlayson Lake metallogenic belt of SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu-Au deposits (fig. 17; tables 3,4) occurs in the Selwyn Basin of the North American Craton Margin in the Yukon Territory. The significant deposits at Maxi and Matt Berry (table 4) (Nokleberg and others 1997a, b, 1998) are hosted in deformed sedimentary rocks of the Road River Group. The stratigraphic position and age of the host rocks at Maxi are better known than at Matt Berry. Maxi SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag Occurrence The Maxi SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence conslsts of galena, sphalerite, and quartz which occur as penetratively-deformed and transformed lamellae and bands in black phylllte in the basal Road Rlver Group (Blusson, 1978). The sulfides are commonly coarse-grained and concentrated in minor fold hinges, indicating mobilization during pre-Late Devonian, regional metamorphism. A second stage of folding and thermal metamorphism is interpreted as related to Cretaceous granitoid plutons in the area (Blusson, 1978). No reserves or resources are reported. Matt Beny SEDEX Pb-Zn Deposit The Matt Berry SEDEX deposit consists of massive galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite which occur with minor antimony-silver minerals (Ostler, 1979; Bremner and Ouellette, 199 1). The deposit contains estimated reserves of 533,434 tonnes grading 6.81% Pb, 4.8% Zn, and 102.9 g/t Ag (Northern Miner, August 5, 1980). The sulfides are concentrated with quartz, in fold noses, and in discontinuous en-echelon lenses over a strike length of 500 m. The rocks have undergone at least three periods of deformation and metamorphism, including thermal metamorphism along the contacts of a Cretaceous granitoid pluton. The deposits constitute a zone of sulfide lenses up to 10 m thick hosted by deformed black phyllite and quartz-sericite phyllite, probably of the Paleozoic Road River Group in eastern Selwyn Basin, Yukon. The copper and antimony minerals are interpreted as related to local Cretaceous intrusive activity which overprints the Paleozoic SEDEX mineralization which formed along a Devonian and Mississippian passive continental margin. Origin of and Tectonic Setting for Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt The Maxi and Matt Berry deposits are interpreted as originally stratiform SEDEX sulfides deposits which were deposited with black shale in the Ordovician and Silurian Road River Group and are provisionally correlated with the adjacent Howards Pass metallogenic belt to the northeast. The Maxi and Matt Berry deposits were attenuated, deformed, remobilized, and contact metamorphosed during mid-Cretaceous magrnatism, uplift and deformation. Liard Metallogenic Belt of Southeast Missouri Ba-F Deposlts (Belt LI) Northern British Columbia The Liard metallogenic belt of Southeast Missouri Ba-F deposits occurs in northern British Columbia and is hosted mainly in early to middle Devonian shelf carbonate rocks in the North American Craton Margin (fig. 17; tables 3,4) (Nokleberg and others, 1997b, 1998). The deposits are epigenetic stockworks, breccia-fillings, replacements, and (or) veins which exhibit stratigraphic and structural controls similar to those of Southeast Missouri Zn-Pb deposits. The large deposits exhibit a southward lateral gradation towards several, small Zn-Pb vein and breccia occurrences which are hosted in a dolomite-barite-fluorite gangue (Dawson, 1983). The Ba-F deposits are herein interpreted as analogous to Southeast Missoliri Pb-Zn deposits. However, local epigenetic barite deposits occur in the area without fluorspar and Pb-Zn sulfides. Leguil Creek Bedded Ba Deposit The Leguil Creek (Letain) bedded Ba deposit consists of three stratabound zones of veins and lenses of barite which are hosed in Cambrian to Devonian shale and siltstone (MINFILE, 2002). The barite and host rocks are gently folded. Discordant, fault-controlled barite vein zones range from 1 to 4 m thick. Barite sulphur isotopic analysis indicate a Devonian age of mineralization (K.M. Dawson, unpublished data, 1995). A SEDEX barite origin, similar to that for the adjacent Gataga SEDEX metallogenic belt, with subsequent tectonic remobilization, is herein proposed. Lower Liard Southeast Missouri Ba-F and Muncho Lake Ba Deposits The Lower Liard Southeast Missouri Ba-F deposit consists of fluorite with barite, witherite, barytocalciite, quartz and calcite which occurs as veins, lenses and breccia-fillings at the contact between limestone of the Middle Devonian Dunedin Formation and shale of the Besa River Formation (EMR Canada, 1989; MINFILE, 2002). Fission-track dating suggests a
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I EUSGS science Ior a changing wwld
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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5 : 3 . Kedon metall lo genic Belt
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Parson and Brisco Barite Vein and G
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Overview ..........................
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Chepak Granitoid-Related Au Deposit
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Au-Ag Epithermal Vein Deposits Asso
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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and Byalobzhesky (1996). A volume c
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1,079 significant mineral deposits
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Acknowledgements We thank the many
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0 --mmm=oRuwrrrur ommmmarUaAll NEr-
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Figure 3. Generalized map of mtljor
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Archean granulite facies metamorphi
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Figure 5. Oroek sediment-h section
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1 a a - --rich sandstone ~b-Qmg@ner
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Origin of and Tectonic Setting for
Page 40 and 41: occur in clastic and impure carbona
Page 42 and 43: Figure 7. Sullivan sedimentary-exha
Page 44 and 45: I 1997a, b, 1998). The massive sulf
Page 46 and 47: Ma which locally form extensive plu
Page 48 and 49: Figure 10. Gerbikanskoe vdcanogenic
Page 50 and 51: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 52 and 53: from crystalline basement of craton
Page 54 and 55: Figure 13. Howards Pass sedknenWy e
Page 56 and 57: McLean Arm Porphyry Cu-Mo District
Page 58 and 59: [..'......I Surfia'al deposits (Hol
Page 60 and 61: Figwe 16. GeneraCied map of major M
Page 62 and 63: .- *.-* *. . - - ---- -A - EARLY MI
Page 64 and 65: Metallogenic Belt Formed During Col
Page 68 and 69: several tens of meters to 1,300 m l
Page 70 and 71: Goldfarb (197) who interprets that
Page 72 and 73: WTF and Red Mountain Kuroko Massive
Page 74 and 75: interpreted by and as part of a ext
Page 76 and 77: Mount Sicker Metallogenic Belt of K
Page 78 and 79: interpreted as vents. The deposit c
Page 86 and 87: hosted in the Yarkhodon subterrane
Page 88 and 89: origin of the younger Triassic(?) B
Page 92 and 93: Mississippian age of mineralizalioi
Page 94 and 95: Monger and Nokleberg, 1996; Noklebe
Page 96 and 97: 1997a, b). Most of the magnesite an
Page 98 and 99: FL - Finlayson Lakm FR-FmLake LI -
Page 100 and 101: disseminations in chert, disseminat
Page 102 and 103: U F~gure 32 GemMzed m p of mejw -ni
Page 104 and 105: terrane, and by the Stikine Assembl
Page 108 and 109: Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
Page 110 and 111: . I . r ; 4 ~ (9) During subduction
Page 112 and 113: Eastern Alaska Range Metallogenic B
Page 114 and 115: individual flows range from 5 cm to
Page 116 and 117: occurrence of turbiditic clastic ro
Page 118 and 119: along the with tectonically-related
Page 120 and 121: : m- 3- w43 k M- u m u~u) mtl 'M~!A
Page 122 and 123: island-arc volcanic rocks of the Ni
Page 124 and 125: -- - //// EpldoW Figure 41. Nickel
Page 126 and 127: (TC), and Toodoggone (TO) belts whi
Page 128 and 129: (4) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
Page 130 and 131: lueschist units and the McHugh Comp
Page 134 and 135: Figure 46. Lawyers Au-Ag epitiefmel
Page 138 and 139: (5) The Angayucham Ocean (Kobuck Se
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Figure 49 Generaltzed map Of mbjm L
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continental-margin terranes which w
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Pokrovskoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Granite-porphm and wanits W e ~~ hl
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subordinate adularia, dolomite, cel
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shale, basalt, plagiorhyolite, silt
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ocks and serpentinite which occur a
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interpreted as forming in the Juras
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Fault / Figure 57. Bond Creek and O
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Klukwan-Duke Metallogenic Bett of M
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tonnes of ore mined between 1967 an
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Cariboo Metallogenic Belt of Au Qua
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Sheep Creek Au-Ag Polymetallic Vein
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---. .% of the North American Conti
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- OwiapaasembC Cmhmmmand Cemmcl. an
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in the west-central part of the Rus
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for about 850 krn (ZalishshaL ad oh
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Stanovoy Metallogenic Belt of Grani
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Goryachev, 1995, 1998, 2003) consis
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Altinskoe, Aragochan, Dalnee, Dokhs
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comprises up to 70-80% in some ore
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The Au quartz vein deposits are int
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leucogranite plutons form large, ho
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+ , . Diorite phyry dike (Early ~ta
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- . --- Origin of and Tectonic Cont
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Britannia Metallogenic Belt of Kuro
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Specific Events for Late Early Cret
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Figure 73. Solnechnae Sin qu- ~d~ n
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- Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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Nome Metallogenic Belt of Au Quartz
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quartz vein deposits of the Souther
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Selwyn Plutonjc Suite. The host roc
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along the western end in the Eagle
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101 Ma (K.M. Dawson, unpublished da
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I Bayonne Metallogenic Belt of Porp
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., (VV) belts. These zones and beb
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I (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) co
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Metallogenic Belt Formed in Late Me
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The Pb-Zn polyrnetallu: vein depb a
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olistolith. The deposit is currentl
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the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn
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Tayozhnoe Ag Epithermal Vein Deposi
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Figure 90. lskra deposit Sn polyrne
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- El (Late ~re&ceous) I+ we cmm=s)
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Figure 93. Mnogovershinnoe AMq @pWw
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immed by wehrlite, olivine-magnetit
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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which would be hosted in the early
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Etandzha Porphyry Cu-Mo and Muromet
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0- / Fadt . . Au veins and pods Fig
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Sentachan Clastic-Sediment-Hosted A
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I I I Undifferentiated vdcanic and
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.r . : . -d ' . . ,, $44 . assembla
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closure, the Chukotka supertca&c wa
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- Mgh anglefau#or prsminant Fitwar
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intrude and crosscut both the relat
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Figure 101 8. Ke~ecolt &4W d KemwaI
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Figure 103. Generalized map of majo
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metallogenic belt (SP) which contai
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Valunistoe Au-Ag Epithermal Vein De
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Lost River Sn-W Skarn and Sn Greise
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Wheeler Creek, Clear Creek, and Zan
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Au veln,and hots spring deposits at
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Chicken Mountain Cu-Au Deposit The
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Chip sample location - Fault / Cont
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A proximate laatbm c#f C h # d ~nar
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0.03 1% Mo; and (3) for a hypogene
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others, 1994c. 1997~). The granitoi
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Cross section - - South greisen zon
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Page 284 and 285:
198 1). The mine at the deposit pro
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Beatson (Latouche) and Ellamar Bess
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CRETACEOUS Mount Leonard St& gueYtr
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n pJ pRanens. Pd-dc i3 Meeomic .---
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Figure 120. Huckleberry porphyry Cu
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0.15% Cu (ox), 0.127 g/t Au, and 0.
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Zone are 188 million tonnes grading
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Kitsault (B.C. Moly) Porphyry Mo De
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million tonnes grading 0.42% Cu, 0.
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extension. The Coryell Suite is int
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elated deposits. Forming in the bac
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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Hg Deposits Hg deposits occur throu
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Maletoivayam Sulfur-Sulfide Deposit
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(5) A major orthogonal junction for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed in Tertia
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occur in these tabular, altered sil
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summarlzed above are used by analog
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the Aleutian volcanic belt. The Yak
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metamorphism, anatectic granites, a
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References Cited Abbott, G., 1981,
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Society of America Abstracts with P
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Sciences, North-Eastern lnterdiscip
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Burgoyne, A.A., 1986, geology and e
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Canadian Cordillera, Yukon-northeas
Page 338 and 339:
the Koryak Highlands: Transactions
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during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey
Page 342 and 343:
Northeast Scientific Intergrated Re
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House, G.D., and Ainsworth, B., 199
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International Field Conference in V
Page 348 and 349:
lithosphere in flood basalt genesis
Page 350 and 351:
MacKevett, E.M., Jr., 1978, Geologi
Page 352 and 353:
Miller, M.L., Bundtzen, T.K., and K
Page 354 and 355:
Nekrasov, I.Ya., 1995, Genetic type
Page 357 and 358:
Pakhomova, V.. Silyanik, V., Popov,
Page 359 and 360:
Pollack, John, 1997, Summary report
Page 361 and 362:
1993: British Columbia Geological S
Page 363 and 364:
Schroeter, T.G., 1987, Golden Bear
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Geology of the Liese zone, Pogo pro
Page 367 and 368:
Colorado, Geological Society of Ame
Page 369 and 370:
lnstitute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Anorthosite apatite-Ti-Fe Gabbroic
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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TABLE 2. Summary of correlations an
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9! TABLE ectonic environment of Pro
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(Abbreviation) Rassokha (RA) Dzhard
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Be
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) Guichon (GU) I Belt
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Major Mineral Deposits Types. Envir
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(Abbreviation) (Significant Mineral
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(Abbreviation) Adycha-Taryn (EAAT)
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~etallo~enic Belt Major Mineral Dep
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Metallogenic Belt (Abbreviation) Ca
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TABLE 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Mineral Deposit Model Major Metals
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Deposit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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Deposit Nmme Mineral Deposit Model
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p;. ;A'..* Deposit Name Mineral Dep
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De~osit Name Mineral Deposit Model
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