Arkell.1956.Jurassic..

i86 THE BALKAN PENINSULA
Numerous disconnected outcrops of Jurassic occur all through the
Balkan Mountains, especially in the west, where they are scattered over
the whole width between the valleys of the Danube and Morava Rivers
and nearly surround the granitic and palaeozoic core of the Stara Planina.
(See Boncev, 1936.) Kimeridgian and Tithonian outcrops also cover
extensive areas farther west in the neighbourhood of Belgrade, where they
were mapped as Neocomian (Gocanin, 1938). Considerable outcrops
are now also known in the Stranca Mountains, which diverge SE.
towards the Bosphorus (Cohen, 1946).
TITHONIAN
Tithonian limestones in reef and off-reef facies are thickly developed,
especially in the west. Uhlig (1884) already recognized their resemblance
to Stramberg limestone on the right bank of the Danube at Golubac.
From here southward they spread out in long north-south lines and blend
inseparably with Berriasian limestones in similar facies, the whole mass
500-700 m. thick. The N-S linear arrangement is thought to be in
part original, the reefs having grown along the east shore of the Oriental
Island. The fauna is rich in gastropods, corals, etc., and also yields
Phylloceratids, Lytoceratids and Perisphinctids (Petkovic, 1949). A
Perisphinctid from the Tithonian near Petrovac, SE. of Belgrade and
about 25 miles south of the Danube gorge, has been identified with a New
Zealand species, Aulacosphinctoides brownei Marshall sp. (Petkovic, 1938);
but although the specimen is poor and the figure not clear, so far as it
can be seen it looks more likely to be Berriasella lorioli (Zittel), or
Aulacosphinctes eudichotomus (Zittel), which was already recorded from
Golubac by Uhlig in 1884.
Farther south-east, in the region SW. of Sofia, the reef facies changes
into nodular, calcareous and argillaceous sandstones with intercalations
of sandy shales, marls, sandy limestones and conglomerates. The thickness
of the Tithonian alone still exceeds 150 m. The marly limestones and
shales yield a rich ammonite and aptychus fauna, chiefly of the Upper
Tithonian but including Neochetoceras steraspis Oppel sp. (Beregov,
1933, 1935; Boncev & Beregov, 1935). (Some figures in Cohen & others,
1946, pis. vii, viii.)
In the Belgrade district there are conglomerates and a slight unconformity
between Lower and Upper Tithonian, and a 'diabase-hornstone
formation' occurs in the Lower Tithonian (Gocanin, 1938).
MIDDLE AND LOWER KIMERIDGIAN
Red or grey and red-spotted nodular marly limestones, marls, and clay
shales, sometimes with chert nodules, form typical representatives of the
Acanthicus Beds and have yielded a long list of the usual ammonites
(Zlatarski, 1908, pp. 221, 228; Beregov, 1935). Two species of Taramelliceras,
T. bidgaricum and T. balkanense, were named from a locality
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