Arkell.1956.Jurassic..

198 THE BALKAN PENINSULA
bronni shales and yellow-weathering or siliceous shales of central European
type. In some places {e.g. Kalamos) only the first type occurs; in others
there is a transition, with Posidoniae disseminated sporadically amongst
the nodules. Linkage of the abundant ammonites with the nodular
facies recalls the Tithonian. The best sequence of ammonite horizons
has been made out on the coast at Alogomandra in Acarnania, where the
succession of species is said to be the same as in Canton Tessin and in
Umbria (Renz, 1925, pp. 302-3). The Toarcian is the most widespread
of all the Jurassic horizons in the Greek archipelago, having been found
also in Argolis (Renz, 1907; 1908) and on the island of Rhodes, as Posidonia
flags in a relic of a nappe (Renz, 1929, p. 13). Renz has studied the
Toarcian ammonites in a long series of papers and short monographs,
too numerous to mention. He has revealed the existence, among the
swarms of cosmopolitan and common forms, of peculiar and interesting
species of Frechiella, Paroniceras, Leukadiella, Polyplectus, etc., etc. The
most modern unified list of revised determinations is to be found in Renz,
1927, pp. 484-7. Many plates and figures are scattered through at least
a dozen works published in the course of forty years (see bibliography,
pp. 690-1). The most important are perhaps Renz, 1910, 1911, 1911a,
191 ib, 1925a, 19256, 1932; Renz & Renz, 1947). Lower, Middle and
Upper Toarcian faunas are abundantly represented.
PLIENSBACHIAN
This stage has been proved in Epirus and Acarnania and on the Ionian
Isles of Corfu, Leucas and Ithaca. It usually comprises the topmost
part of the Panto Crater limestones. In Acarnania flags and calcareous
shales underlying the Toarcian Ammonitico rosso contain crushed
Pleuroceras spinatum, and this has been found also on Corfu (Renz, 1910,
p. 564; 19116, p. 388; 1911c, p. 232). On the coast of Epirus, opposite
Corfu, the Toarcian is underlain by whitish-grey limestones with Arieticeras
algovianum (Oppel), A. juliae (Bon.), Juraphyllites lariensis
(Menegh.), etc.; this is the more usual Panto Crater limestone. Locally,
in Corfu, Epirus and Cephalonia, it contains brachiopod beds yielding the
Terebratula aspasia fauna of Sicily and Italy (Renz, 1908; 1911, p. 472).
SINEMURIAN AND HETTANGIAN ?
The limestones and dolomites forming and called after the crater of
the extinct volcano Panto, on Corfu, are Pliensbachian at top and Triassic
at base, but palaeontological evidence for Lower Lias is slender, suggested
only by brachiopod lenses with pelecypods and some echinoderms found
on Cephalonia. The facies is likened to the Dachstein of the Alps. The
Panto Crater limestones are thick and more or less subcrystalline and are
among the most important mountain-forming rock groups in the Adriatic-
Ionian province. They form, for instance, the greater part of the island
of Kalamos, but no Liassic fossils have been found in the island. (Renz,
1908; 1932a, pp. 8-9.)
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