Niger Delta Human Development Report - UNDP Nigeria - United ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chart 4.10: State Responses to HIV/AIDS: Capacity Building, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Finance severe shortage of qualified men and women. Days of labour are lost to illness, productivity drops, and funeral and health costs increase. Households must slash spending on education to pay for health care. Focus group discussions across the Niger Delta confirmed these findings. Respondents described how attending the funerals of young and middle-aged men and women is now a common practice. The impact of HIV&AIDS on education is severe. It reduces the supply of teachers, the resources for education, and the demand for education by children. The withdrawal of children from school in response to increased expenditures on and care requirements for sick family members was commonly mentioned in the focus group discussions. Some children even become breadwinners when the heads of the family are incapacitated by sickness or die (UNESCO 2003). The quality of education suffers through teachers’ absenteeism. The view of a focus group participant in Edo sums up the comments of many other discussants: Since HIV&AIDS affects everybody, the education sector is not left out. Although we do not know for sure if teachers’ deaths, school children’s deaths, etc. are due to HIV&AIDS, but it seems like it is so. NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT The impact of HIV&AIDS on the health sector is felt in the increased demand for care. Already weak health systems are overstretched, and the costs are rising for infrastructure, drugs and personnel. Other concerns include the growing increase in the number of orphans and widespread premature death, which is radically altering life expectancy. A Nigerian child can now expect to die before his or her 41 st birthday, according to the 2005 Human Development Report on Nigeria (UNDP 2005). A MULTIDIMENSIONAL STRAT- EGY Nigeria’s response to the HIV&AIDS pandemic has unfolded in three phases. The first phase, from 1986 to 1990, involved a slow beginning, due to initial denial, apathy, and lack of political will and commitment by the Government. The National AIDS Control Programme was set up in 1986, the same year that AIDS was officially reported in the country. It was highly centralized at the federal level. In the second phase, from 1991 to 1997, some efforts at decentralizing the government response began with the establishment of the state and local action Awareness has grown that HIV&AIDS is about much more than health—it challenges all dimensions of development and requires a holistic response. 107
The process of convincing political leaders to see HIV& AIDS as an issue of strategic priority is gathering momentum, but not all leaders are yet on board. The Niger Delta states could harness the energies of the many development organizations already on the ground. Initiatives must reach those profiting from the sale of infected blood or blood products, and traditional healers/ circumcisers who use infected blades and needles. Any strategy to control HIV & AIDS needs to protect people’s basic human rights. committees and programmes. The National STD and AIDS Programs were merged with the National AIDS and STD Control Program in 1992. In 1993, the Nigerian film on AIDS, Dawn of Reality, was produced. NGOs working on AIDS and STDs proliferated. In 1997, the Government launched the nation’s National Policy on HIV&AIDS/STIs Control. In the first two phases, HIV&AIDS was seen purely as a health issue. Most activities were restricted to health ministries and related agencies. Stakeholders were not very involved in the planning and management of HIV&AIDS -related programmes. By the third phase, from 1999 to the present, a growing awareness of the devastating impact of HIV&AIDS on development prompted the Nigerian authorities under the present administration to develop a high-profile National AIDS Control Program. The authorities, in collaboration with bilateral and multilateral organizations, have initiated various intervention programmes that include advocacy, counselling and the management of known cases. The principal goal of these programmes is to heighten the level of awareness, discourage highrisk sexual behaviour patterns, and promote the physical, social and mental well-being of Nigerians. The authorities have also outlined and approved the comprehensive HIV&AIDS Emergency Action Plan. It incorporates a wide range of activities that are being implemented with the cooperation of the local, state and federal governments, and NGOs. Ongoing efforts include the formation of support groups for people living with HIV&AIDS; efforts to support orphans; and the creation of the National Action Committee on AIDS, along with its state and local counterparts. There has been an increased focus on care and support for AIDS patients. Policy and programmatic links have been made between HIV&AIDS and various sectors of the economy, including health, education, agriculture, defence, banking, the transport industry and so on. Umbrella organizations now join the efforts of NGOs, youth and people living with HIV&AIDS. The Nigerian Government appears to have grasped the notion that addressing HIV&AIDS requires a holistic approach that encapsulates both treating the symptoms and addressing the underlying causes. Viewing HIV&AIDS as a development problem allows for an understanding of the complexity of the issues at stake, and the identification of actions across different sectors. Essential to this process is the establishment of partnerships to stop the HIV&AIDS pandemic. The organized private sector has abundant resources that could be mobilized to support HIV&AIDS programming, for example. At a minimum, businesses should develop programmes for their staff. Private sector organizations could also contribute advocacy work, and counselling and health care services. The National Action Committee on AIDS has already convened a meeting of major private sector organizations to discuss intervention programmes. Other initiatives could involve working with NGOs on public education to increase awareness and ease the social stigmas surrounding HIV&AIDS. The state action committees in the nine Niger Delta states should pick up on this lead. In the Niger Delta, the process of convincing political leaders to see HIV&AIDS as an issue of strategic priority is gathering momentum, but not all leaders are yet on board. Here, too, partnerships could open the door to rapid progress. The Niger Delta has a large number of local groups and external organizations already working on development. Harnessing the energies of these organizations will quickly expand and multiply efforts to control HIV&AIDS, perhaps by starting with capacity development programmes. Some organizations are already being used to deliver programmes in various communities that cannot be easily reached by authorities. They also have a vital role to play in providing support to people living with HIV&AIDS and orphans. 108 NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
Page 2 and 3:
SUMMARY NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPME
Page 4 and 5:
Foreword Over the past four decades
Page 6 and 7:
Acknowledgements The Niger Delta Hu
Page 8 and 9:
OMPADEC Oil Mineral Producing Areas
Page 10 and 11:
§ The HP1-1 for the Niger Delta Re
Page 12 and 13:
Background Overview The Niger Delta
Page 14 and 15:
ut also presents a challenge to int
Page 16 and 17:
2 should be resolved. An oil trust
Page 18 and 19:
5 6 Social cohesiveness could also
Page 20 and 21:
CHAPTER ONE Introduction AMAZING PA
Page 22 and 23:
aggregate, to how its peoples are f
Page 24 and 25:
that allows tourism to thrive and s
Page 26 and 27:
any mineral extracted in that regio
Page 28 and 29:
put up similar resistance, but this
Page 30 and 31:
and HIV&AIDS. The information sourc
Page 32 and 33:
Box 1.7: Climate The Niger Delta ha
Page 34 and 35:
94 per cent of these have populatio
Page 36 and 37:
expectancy index of 0.78 for Saudi
Page 38 and 39:
to pockets of the region, in the ab
Page 40 and 41:
Housing pattern in a typical Niger
Page 42 and 43:
Revamping the rural economy by opti
Page 44 and 45:
NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 46 and 47:
CHAPTER TWO The Human Development S
Page 48 and 49:
in terms of this access, the level
Page 50 and 51:
the full burden of environmental de
Page 52 and 53:
effective machinery to hold elected
Page 54 and 55:
NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 56 and 57:
whether the overall level of povert
Page 58 and 59:
available data suggest that females
Page 60 and 61:
HIV&AIDS in chapter four, so it wil
Page 62 and 63:
Gas Flare at Umuchem Table 2.8: Com
Page 64 and 65:
The HDI for the Niger Delta Region
Page 66 and 67:
Table 2.10: Trends in Human Develop
Page 68 and 69: GDP index of 0.570. Chart 2.4 provi
Page 70 and 71: gender equity improves human develo
Page 72 and 73: development in the Niger Delta regi
Page 74 and 75: HDI, particularly in Bayelsa and Ri
Page 76 and 77: Map 2.6: Map of the Niger Delta Reg
Page 78 and 79: Table 2.14: Disparities in the HPI-
Page 80 and 81: Saharan Africa, the Niger Republic,
Page 82 and 83: Map 2.12: Map of the Niger Delta Re
Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER THREE Environmental and Soc
Page 86 and 87: of human life and economic activiti
Page 88 and 89: Chart 3.1: Quantities and Causes of
Page 90 and 91: Agency's (1991) environmental stand
Page 92 and 93: others. These changes have in turn
Page 94 and 95: B. Income-producing trees Avocado B
Page 96 and 97: abandon their traditional occupatio
Page 98 and 99: Box 3.6: Resolving the Niger Delta
Page 100 and 101: There is very little or no treatmen
Page 102 and 103: The flooding problem of the Niger D
Page 104 and 105: CHAPTER FOUR HIV&AIDS A CHALLENGE T
Page 106 and 107: five per cent. Nearly half the delt
Page 108 and 109: Map 4.2: HIV Prevalence Rates Among
Page 110 and 111: Chart 4.6: HIV Prevalence Trends in
Page 112 and 113: Orubuloye et al. 1992; Oyeneye et a
Page 114 and 115: the associated risks of HIV infecti
Page 116 and 117: stems from biological, social, cult
Page 120 and 121: One particular point of outreach in
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER FIVE Conflict and Conflict
Page 124 and 125: The most common and vicious forms o
Page 126 and 127: took control of Nembe and banished
Page 128 and 129: One of the shools destroyed during
Page 130 and 131: Box 5.3: Ogoni Bill of Rights, 1990
Page 132 and 133: groups have produced charters, decl
Page 134 and 135: understanding with host communities
Page 136 and 137: The frequent conflicts and the asso
Page 138 and 139: People. It presented its Ogoni Bill
Page 140 and 141: CHAPTER SIX Sustainable Livelihoods
Page 142 and 143: Table 6.1: Unemployment and Underem
Page 144 and 145: activity. Professionalizing the qua
Page 146 and 147: participants, is hard and tedious a
Page 148 and 149: Box 6.3: Environmental Degradation
Page 150 and 151: een largely limited to urban or per
Page 152 and 153: Table 6.5: Selected Community Devel
Page 154 and 155: drawing other industries to their l
Page 156 and 157: appropriate investment promotion me
Page 158 and 159: CHAPTER SEVEN A Human Development A
Page 160 and 161: Table 7.1: People’s Vision of the
Page 162 and 163: cushions the state’s economy agai
Page 164 and 165: purposes, and the property rights o
Page 166 and 167: tertiary schools, and for different
Page 168 and 169:
identification of the potentials fo
Page 170 and 171:
Box 7.3: In Mexico, New Forms of Tr
Page 172 and 173:
• There should be support for mor
Page 174 and 175:
In both Rivers and Delta states, mo
Page 176 and 177:
Niger Delta Youths Metal fabricator
Page 178 and 179:
4 PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION The ag
Page 180 and 181:
air caused by gas flares, the degra
Page 182 and 183:
6 • appropriate and timely compen
Page 184 and 185:
uild institutions for sustainable h
Page 186 and 187:
• Act as pressure groups in restr
Page 188 and 189:
Chapter One References African Netw
Page 190 and 191:
Effluent on Some Biota of the Lower
Page 192 and 193:
Agents of Environmental Regeneratio
Page 194 and 195:
Sexual Networking: Identifying Part
Page 196 and 197:
APPENDIX ONE Appendices Table A1.1:
Page 198 and 199:
Table A1.4: Type of Housing Constru
Page 200 and 201:
Yakurr 0.442 0.372 0.399 0.404 23.2
Page 202 and 203:
Mbo 0.408 0.295 0.258 0.320 24.075
Page 204 and 205:
Orlu 0.567 0.349 0.320 0.412 25.527
Page 206 and 207:
Obudu 19.35 25.50 22.00 22.57 Odukp
Page 208 and 209:
Ondo West 34.00 22.50 32.50 30.49 O
Page 210 and 211:
Oshimili North 7.50 16.00 19.40 15.
Page 212 and 213:
Ogu/Bolo 11.80 23.50 28.23 23.13 Ok
Page 214 and 215:
Ose 0.466 0.556 0.234 0.419 Owo 0.5
Page 216 and 217:
Owerri Municipal 0.506 0.658 0.249
Page 218 and 219:
Akure North 0.000 0.924 0.067 0.330
Page 220 and 221:
Ngor/Okpala 0.000 0.927 0.062 0.330
Page 222 and 223:
47) L. Adele Jinadu Centre for Adva
Page 224 and 225:
Technical Note TECHNICAL NOTE ON HU
Page 226 and 227:
1.4 Interpolation for Missing Data
Page 228 and 229:
• A long and healthy life, as mea
show all

Niger Delta Human Development Report - UNDP Nigeria - United ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?