Niger Delta Human Development Report - UNDP Nigeria - United ...

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Table 6.5: Selected Community Development Programmes Implemented by Oil Companies Companies Projects NNPC/Eleme Petrochemical Company Provision of health and civil centres, street lights, classrooms and transformers in Akpajo, Okerewa, Aleto, Agbonchia and Elelenwo (Rivers State). NNPC/Shell/Elf/Agip Joint Venture • Introduced an agricultural extension scheme in the Niger Delta. • Promoted formation of cooperative societies and set up Micro Credit Scheme for agricultural development. • Provided educational infrastructure: science equipment, classroom blocks, pipe-borne water, electricity and scholarships. • Between 1996 and 1997 alone, 10 communities were provided with improved health care delivery services NNPC/Mobil Joint Venture • Between 1964 and 1998 it constructed 40 asphalt roads of approximately 60 kilometers in Eket, Esit Eket, Ibeno and Onna, including the popular Qua Iboe Terminal road in Akwa Ibom State. • As at 1998, 80 boreholes had been drilled in various parts of Akwa Ibom State. • 500 university students offered scholarships. • Its Oso Condensate Project’s Technical Training Centre, established in 1995, trained technical personnel for the petroleum and related industries. • In 2003, the following projects were commissioned in Akwa Ibom State: • Boreholes for Saint Francis Secondary School (Ikot Akatu) and Saint Peter and Paul School (Inua Eyet Ikot) • A 3-kilometer road (Okon) • 8-classroom block at Community Commercial Secondary School (Ikot Ebiere) • 4-classroom block at Union Technical College (Ikpa) • 4-bedroom Principal Quarters at Peter and Paul School, etc. NNPC/Chevron Joint Venture • In 1992, 18-bed community hospital constructed and equipped at Ugborodo, Delta State. • Its National University Scholarship Programme offered scholarships for 1500 beneficiaries annually. NNPC/Agip/Phillips Joint Venture The project that started in 1987 at Obiau-Obrikom (Rivers State), as at 2003, offered the following: • Through its popular Green River Project, provided improved crop multiplication skills and extension services to farmers. • Between 2001 and 2003 developed Burma rice farm with associated infrastructure and machinery. • Implemented Roll Back Malaria Health Centre by providing male, female and children wards, laboratory, pharmacy, staff quarters, potable water and boat ambulance in Okoroma/Teke LGA of Bayelsa State. Nigeria Liquidified Natural Gas (NLNG) So far it executed more than 50 community projects on Bonny Island and about 200 self-help projects (including health, roads, electricity and water) on its pipeline communities. This includes provision of renovation/construction of Finima market, shopping mall in Bony, buses for Bonny and Finima youths, cargo boat for Finima women, purchase of fishing materials for fishermen in Okirika and Kalabari, and 4 cargo boats to Bonny community. Other specfic projects include: • As at 2001 awarded 934 scholarships to indigenes of Bonny Island.· • N500 million ($4.0 million) Micro-credit facility established to host communities under the management of a bank and an NGO. Total Upstream • Constructed Egi independent power project (at a cost of about $6.3 million) to ensure steady power supply to Rivers State with particular attention to 20 oil communities. 2 • Water schemes established in Akabuka, Akabta, Amah, Erema, Ibewa/ Obukegi,etc. • Between 2001-2002, a 25-kilometer road linking Akabuka to Obagi was constructed. • Between 2003 and 2005, 1,200 youths from Akwa Ibom, Rivers and Delta States had benefited from skill development programmes. Since 1994, it trained 5000 farmers on mastery of modern farming, livestock and fishing techniques. Source: Udeme (2003), www.nlng.com/NLNGnew/Community, www.total.com/03_total_nigeria_commitments, and www.petrolinfonigeria.com/chevron.html. 2 The Egi electricity project has produced tremendous benefits that include eradication of power outage in Egi Kingdom, improvement of quality of life and growth of small enterprises in the area. NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 141
The participatory approach to development management is essential for the sustainable livelihood. Table 6.6: People’s Identification of Priority Issues for the Niger Delta Priority Per cent respondents identifying it Poor infrastructure 37.8 Unemployment 13.3 Pollution 12.2 Corruption 11.1 No rule of law, equity and justice 7.8 Youth restiveness 6.7 Environmental degradation 4.4 Erosion 3.4 Education 2.2 Poverty 1.1 100.0 Source: ERML Fieldwork, 2005 especially along gender and generational lines, are likely to have different perspectives concerning their priority needs, especially as their livelihood activities vary and certain facilities or services will have different impacts upon their abilities to meet their needs. Table 6.7 illustrates the differences in perceived priorities between the nine states of the Niger Delta based on the NDDC survey. The priorities identified are similar in some respects to those found during the preparation of this report. The provision of social and infrastructural facilities is at the top of people’s agenda. But in the NDDC survey, education ranks first followed by health and a pipe-borne water supply. Education is rated rather low in the study for this report, probably because of the other issues it includes. From these findings, it is apparent that each community needs to be carefully considered and the views of the various stakeholders sought before development projects are designed. The participatory approach to development management is essential for the sustainability of such interventions. Economic Growth That Promotes Sustainable Livelihoods Experience in other parts of the world has shown that in order to promote economic growth in backward regions, certain industries have the ability to generate the necessary backward and forward links to galvanize the local economy. Such ‘propulsive’ industries are referred to as ‘growth poles’. They act like magnets, Table 6.7: Percentage Distribution of Households by Their Identification of Facilities That Should Be Provided or Improved in Their Community State School Health Road/ Well/ Pipe- Trans Sani Agricul Police waterways borehole borne porta tation ture water water tion Abia 74.9 25.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Akwa-Ibom 89.8 9.6 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bayelsa 94.2 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cross River 80.2 19.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 Delta 86.2 13.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Edo 65.6 34.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Imo 90.0 9.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ondo 63.7 35.3 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 Rivers 85.8 13.8 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 Niger Delta 82.5 17.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Source: NDDC Demography and Baseline Studies Sectoral Report 142 NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
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SUMMARY NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPME
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Foreword Over the past four decades
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Acknowledgements The Niger Delta Hu
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OMPADEC Oil Mineral Producing Areas
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§ The HP1-1 for the Niger Delta Re
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Background Overview The Niger Delta
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ut also presents a challenge to int
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2 should be resolved. An oil trust
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5 6 Social cohesiveness could also
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CHAPTER ONE Introduction AMAZING PA
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aggregate, to how its peoples are f
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that allows tourism to thrive and s
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any mineral extracted in that regio
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put up similar resistance, but this
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and HIV&AIDS. The information sourc
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Box 1.7: Climate The Niger Delta ha
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94 per cent of these have populatio
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expectancy index of 0.78 for Saudi
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to pockets of the region, in the ab
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Housing pattern in a typical Niger
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Revamping the rural economy by opti
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NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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CHAPTER TWO The Human Development S
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in terms of this access, the level
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the full burden of environmental de
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effective machinery to hold elected
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NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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whether the overall level of povert
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available data suggest that females
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HIV&AIDS in chapter four, so it wil
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Gas Flare at Umuchem Table 2.8: Com
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The HDI for the Niger Delta Region
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Table 2.10: Trends in Human Develop
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GDP index of 0.570. Chart 2.4 provi
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gender equity improves human develo
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development in the Niger Delta regi
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HDI, particularly in Bayelsa and Ri
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Map 2.6: Map of the Niger Delta Reg
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Table 2.14: Disparities in the HPI-
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Saharan Africa, the Niger Republic,
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Map 2.12: Map of the Niger Delta Re
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CHAPTER THREE Environmental and Soc
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of human life and economic activiti
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Chart 3.1: Quantities and Causes of
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Agency's (1991) environmental stand
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others. These changes have in turn
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B. Income-producing trees Avocado B
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abandon their traditional occupatio
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Box 3.6: Resolving the Niger Delta
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There is very little or no treatmen
Page 102 and 103: The flooding problem of the Niger D
Page 104 and 105: CHAPTER FOUR HIV&AIDS A CHALLENGE T
Page 106 and 107: five per cent. Nearly half the delt
Page 108 and 109: Map 4.2: HIV Prevalence Rates Among
Page 110 and 111: Chart 4.6: HIV Prevalence Trends in
Page 112 and 113: Orubuloye et al. 1992; Oyeneye et a
Page 114 and 115: the associated risks of HIV infecti
Page 116 and 117: stems from biological, social, cult
Page 118 and 119: Chart 4.10: State Responses to HIV/
Page 120 and 121: One particular point of outreach in
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER FIVE Conflict and Conflict
Page 124 and 125: The most common and vicious forms o
Page 126 and 127: took control of Nembe and banished
Page 128 and 129: One of the shools destroyed during
Page 130 and 131: Box 5.3: Ogoni Bill of Rights, 1990
Page 132 and 133: groups have produced charters, decl
Page 134 and 135: understanding with host communities
Page 136 and 137: The frequent conflicts and the asso
Page 138 and 139: People. It presented its Ogoni Bill
Page 140 and 141: CHAPTER SIX Sustainable Livelihoods
Page 142 and 143: Table 6.1: Unemployment and Underem
Page 144 and 145: activity. Professionalizing the qua
Page 146 and 147: participants, is hard and tedious a
Page 148 and 149: Box 6.3: Environmental Degradation
Page 150 and 151: een largely limited to urban or per
Page 154 and 155: drawing other industries to their l
Page 156 and 157: appropriate investment promotion me
Page 158 and 159: CHAPTER SEVEN A Human Development A
Page 160 and 161: Table 7.1: People’s Vision of the
Page 162 and 163: cushions the state’s economy agai
Page 164 and 165: purposes, and the property rights o
Page 166 and 167: tertiary schools, and for different
Page 168 and 169: identification of the potentials fo
Page 170 and 171: Box 7.3: In Mexico, New Forms of Tr
Page 172 and 173: • There should be support for mor
Page 174 and 175: In both Rivers and Delta states, mo
Page 176 and 177: Niger Delta Youths Metal fabricator
Page 178 and 179: 4 PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION The ag
Page 180 and 181: air caused by gas flares, the degra
Page 182 and 183: 6 • appropriate and timely compen
Page 184 and 185: uild institutions for sustainable h
Page 186 and 187: • Act as pressure groups in restr
Page 188 and 189: Chapter One References African Netw
Page 190 and 191: Effluent on Some Biota of the Lower
Page 192 and 193: Agents of Environmental Regeneratio
Page 194 and 195: Sexual Networking: Identifying Part
Page 196 and 197: APPENDIX ONE Appendices Table A1.1:
Page 198 and 199: Table A1.4: Type of Housing Constru
Page 200 and 201: Yakurr 0.442 0.372 0.399 0.404 23.2
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Mbo 0.408 0.295 0.258 0.320 24.075
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Orlu 0.567 0.349 0.320 0.412 25.527
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Obudu 19.35 25.50 22.00 22.57 Odukp
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Ondo West 34.00 22.50 32.50 30.49 O
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Oshimili North 7.50 16.00 19.40 15.
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Ogu/Bolo 11.80 23.50 28.23 23.13 Ok
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Ose 0.466 0.556 0.234 0.419 Owo 0.5
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Owerri Municipal 0.506 0.658 0.249
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Akure North 0.000 0.924 0.067 0.330
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Ngor/Okpala 0.000 0.927 0.062 0.330
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47) L. Adele Jinadu Centre for Adva
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Technical Note TECHNICAL NOTE ON HU
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1.4 Interpolation for Missing Data
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• A long and healthy life, as mea
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