Niger Delta Human Development Report - UNDP Nigeria - United ...

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Revamping the rural economy by optimizing and modernizing agriculture and fishing would empower people in rural areas. NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT and camps predominate. Charts 1.5 and 1.6 are based on the National Bureau of Statistics data (see also table A1:4 and chart 1.7). Although the charts indicate that concrete walls predominate, it is also true that mud houses constitute a high proportion of housing in Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa and Cross River states. Waste management Chart 1.5: Types of Housing in the Niger Delta Region Source: National Bureau of Statistics 2005. Chart 1.6: Types of House Flooring in the Niger Delta States Source: National Bureau of Statistics 2005. The Niger Delta region is laden with problems related to waste management. These are the combined effects of environmental pollution from oil, gas and industrial activities, as well as the implicit population/settlement issues in the semi- 31
urban and urban areas. Drawing from data from the National Bureau of Statistics (2005), the most widespread methods of waste or refuse disposal are disposal within household compounds (an average of 56.9 per cent) and disposal in authorized heaps (34 per cent). Other methods are through collection by government (3.3 per cent), collection by private service providers (2.7 per cent), the use of government disposal bins (1.4 per cent) and others (2.7 per cent). See also chart 1.7 for data on the distribution of household toilet facilities. Recent ecological studies have shown that the adverse consequences of waste generation and improper disposal have been severe on both people and the environment. These effects have also influenced the stagnation of human livelihoods and the region's economy. In increasing the misery and impoverishment of the populace, they have exacerbated political tension, acrimony, outright conflicts and violence. Education Statistical estimates have put the proportion of children attending primary school at 80 per cent (which compares favourably with the estimated national average of 54 per cent). But across the region, nearly all school facilities are in a state of extreme disrepair, requiring major rehabilitation. The secondary school system has been seriously afflicted by shortages of quality teachers, a regional pattern that is becoming increasingly acute due in large part to discordance between investments in infrastructure outside a well-coordinated planning process. Revealing the immense challenge to development and provision of social amenities for sustainable livelihood, an NDES report (2000) noted that in the Niger Delta states, covering some 30,000 square kilometres and with over 3,800 settlements and an estimated eight million people, there were only 2,169 primary schools and 545 secondary schools. For primary schools, this implied one school per 3,700 people serving an area of 14 square kilometres, and one school for every two settlements. For secondary schools, the ratio is one school per 14,679 people serving an area of 55 square kilometres, and one school for every seven settlements. Health and health service delivery Dismal health and health service delivery pitals, clinics and primary health centres; and a lack of effective operational plans for holistic health management. The majority of Niger Delta communities living in isolated areas lack the most basic modern medical care, including first aid, given the absence of formal health services in much of the hinterland (for the various dimensions of infrastructure and social services in the region, see the NDDC Regional Master Plan, 2003/2004, chapter one, pp. 1-19). The focus groups provided corroborative evidence on the status of health in the region, affirming that modern health care facilities are largely absent. The few existing public health care centers are all in critical need of repair. Villagers described them as moribund and offering little or no assistance. The centers lack doctors, nurses, and critical supplies such as drugs, syringes and sterilizers. There were a few privately run clinics, but focus group members said services there cost exorbitant amounts. Community members resort to local and traditional remedies to deal with their health conditions. According to the NDES (1997), communities have identified health as a major issue that must be addressed to improve their quality of life. In addition to a range of diseases such as malaria, gastroenteritis, respiratory track infections, measles, worm infestation, anaemia and heart diseases, malnutrition was seen as a major problem, especially among children, with about 10 per cent to 12 per cent severely malnourished, 18 per cent to 23 per cent moderately so, and 30 per cent to 40 per cent mildly malnourished. Fuelling this problem is a perceived lack of correct breastfeeding methods and household food insecurity. According to an NDES (2000) report on primary health care, there is a ratio of only one health care facility for every 9,805 people, with the average facility serving an area of 44 square kilometres. There is one facility for approximately every 43 settlements. The numbers worsen for secondary health care. There is only one facility for every 131,174 people, serving Dismal health and health care service delivery manifests in poor hygiene; little or no health information and education; a grossly inadequate capacity for service delivery; inadequate provision of hospitals, clinics and primary health centres; and a lack of effective operational plans for holistic health management. Nearly all school facilities are in a state of extreme disrepair, requiring major rehabilitation. The secondary school system in particular has been seriously afflicted by shortages of quality teachers. 32 NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
Page 2 and 3: SUMMARY NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPME
Page 4 and 5: Foreword Over the past four decades
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgements The Niger Delta Hu
Page 8 and 9: OMPADEC Oil Mineral Producing Areas
Page 10 and 11: § The HP1-1 for the Niger Delta Re
Page 12 and 13: Background Overview The Niger Delta
Page 14 and 15: ut also presents a challenge to int
Page 16 and 17: 2 should be resolved. An oil trust
Page 18 and 19: 5 6 Social cohesiveness could also
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER ONE Introduction AMAZING PA
Page 22 and 23: aggregate, to how its peoples are f
Page 24 and 25: that allows tourism to thrive and s
Page 26 and 27: any mineral extracted in that regio
Page 28 and 29: put up similar resistance, but this
Page 30 and 31: and HIV&AIDS. The information sourc
Page 32 and 33: Box 1.7: Climate The Niger Delta ha
Page 34 and 35: 94 per cent of these have populatio
Page 36 and 37: expectancy index of 0.78 for Saudi
Page 38 and 39: to pockets of the region, in the ab
Page 40 and 41: Housing pattern in a typical Niger
Page 44 and 45: NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER TWO The Human Development S
Page 48 and 49: in terms of this access, the level
Page 50 and 51: the full burden of environmental de
Page 52 and 53: effective machinery to hold elected
Page 54 and 55: NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 56 and 57: whether the overall level of povert
Page 58 and 59: available data suggest that females
Page 60 and 61: HIV&AIDS in chapter four, so it wil
Page 62 and 63: Gas Flare at Umuchem Table 2.8: Com
Page 64 and 65: The HDI for the Niger Delta Region
Page 66 and 67: Table 2.10: Trends in Human Develop
Page 68 and 69: GDP index of 0.570. Chart 2.4 provi
Page 70 and 71: gender equity improves human develo
Page 72 and 73: development in the Niger Delta regi
Page 74 and 75: HDI, particularly in Bayelsa and Ri
Page 76 and 77: Map 2.6: Map of the Niger Delta Reg
Page 78 and 79: Table 2.14: Disparities in the HPI-
Page 80 and 81: Saharan Africa, the Niger Republic,
Page 82 and 83: Map 2.12: Map of the Niger Delta Re
Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER THREE Environmental and Soc
Page 86 and 87: of human life and economic activiti
Page 88 and 89: Chart 3.1: Quantities and Causes of
Page 90 and 91: Agency's (1991) environmental stand
Page 92 and 93:
others. These changes have in turn
Page 94 and 95:
B. Income-producing trees Avocado B
Page 96 and 97:
abandon their traditional occupatio
Page 98 and 99:
Box 3.6: Resolving the Niger Delta
Page 100 and 101:
There is very little or no treatmen
Page 102 and 103:
The flooding problem of the Niger D
Page 104 and 105:
CHAPTER FOUR HIV&AIDS A CHALLENGE T
Page 106 and 107:
five per cent. Nearly half the delt
Page 108 and 109:
Map 4.2: HIV Prevalence Rates Among
Page 110 and 111:
Chart 4.6: HIV Prevalence Trends in
Page 112 and 113:
Orubuloye et al. 1992; Oyeneye et a
Page 114 and 115:
the associated risks of HIV infecti
Page 116 and 117:
stems from biological, social, cult
Page 118 and 119:
Chart 4.10: State Responses to HIV/
Page 120 and 121:
One particular point of outreach in
Page 122 and 123:
CHAPTER FIVE Conflict and Conflict
Page 124 and 125:
The most common and vicious forms o
Page 126 and 127:
took control of Nembe and banished
Page 128 and 129:
One of the shools destroyed during
Page 130 and 131:
Box 5.3: Ogoni Bill of Rights, 1990
Page 132 and 133:
groups have produced charters, decl
Page 134 and 135:
understanding with host communities
Page 136 and 137:
The frequent conflicts and the asso
Page 138 and 139:
People. It presented its Ogoni Bill
Page 140 and 141:
CHAPTER SIX Sustainable Livelihoods
Page 142 and 143:
Table 6.1: Unemployment and Underem
Page 144 and 145:
activity. Professionalizing the qua
Page 146 and 147:
participants, is hard and tedious a
Page 148 and 149:
Box 6.3: Environmental Degradation
Page 150 and 151:
een largely limited to urban or per
Page 152 and 153:
Table 6.5: Selected Community Devel
Page 154 and 155:
drawing other industries to their l
Page 156 and 157:
appropriate investment promotion me
Page 158 and 159:
CHAPTER SEVEN A Human Development A
Page 160 and 161:
Table 7.1: People’s Vision of the
Page 162 and 163:
cushions the state’s economy agai
Page 164 and 165:
purposes, and the property rights o
Page 166 and 167:
tertiary schools, and for different
Page 168 and 169:
identification of the potentials fo
Page 170 and 171:
Box 7.3: In Mexico, New Forms of Tr
Page 172 and 173:
• There should be support for mor
Page 174 and 175:
In both Rivers and Delta states, mo
Page 176 and 177:
Niger Delta Youths Metal fabricator
Page 178 and 179:
4 PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION The ag
Page 180 and 181:
air caused by gas flares, the degra
Page 182 and 183:
6 • appropriate and timely compen
Page 184 and 185:
uild institutions for sustainable h
Page 186 and 187:
• Act as pressure groups in restr
Page 188 and 189:
Chapter One References African Netw
Page 190 and 191:
Effluent on Some Biota of the Lower
Page 192 and 193:
Agents of Environmental Regeneratio
Page 194 and 195:
Sexual Networking: Identifying Part
Page 196 and 197:
APPENDIX ONE Appendices Table A1.1:
Page 198 and 199:
Table A1.4: Type of Housing Constru
Page 200 and 201:
Yakurr 0.442 0.372 0.399 0.404 23.2
Page 202 and 203:
Mbo 0.408 0.295 0.258 0.320 24.075
Page 204 and 205:
Orlu 0.567 0.349 0.320 0.412 25.527
Page 206 and 207:
Obudu 19.35 25.50 22.00 22.57 Odukp
Page 208 and 209:
Ondo West 34.00 22.50 32.50 30.49 O
Page 210 and 211:
Oshimili North 7.50 16.00 19.40 15.
Page 212 and 213:
Ogu/Bolo 11.80 23.50 28.23 23.13 Ok
Page 214 and 215:
Ose 0.466 0.556 0.234 0.419 Owo 0.5
Page 216 and 217:
Owerri Municipal 0.506 0.658 0.249
Page 218 and 219:
Akure North 0.000 0.924 0.067 0.330
Page 220 and 221:
Ngor/Okpala 0.000 0.927 0.062 0.330
Page 222 and 223:
47) L. Adele Jinadu Centre for Adva
Page 224 and 225:
Technical Note TECHNICAL NOTE ON HU
Page 226 and 227:
1.4 Interpolation for Missing Data
Page 228 and 229:
• A long and healthy life, as mea
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