Niger Delta Human Development Report - UNDP Nigeria - United ...

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GDP index of 0.570. Chart 2.4 provides a good illustration of the human development progress in the Niger Delta region compared to other oil-producing countries. From this, it is clear that the delta could have reached a different outcome had the region’s wealth been used judiciously. Countries such as Libya and Venezuela have also performed better than both Nigeria as a whole and the Niger Delta region in particular. The HPI-1 for the Niger Delta Region The human poverty index, compared with the HDI, focuses on more fundamental parameters of human development. Rather than using gross measures such as life expectancy and GDP per capita, the HPI-1 addresses issues of survivorship, access to improved water supply and the nutritional level of children under the age of five. Table 2.12 shows the average HPI- 1 for the Niger Delta states is 28.8 per cent for 2005, compared with 38.8 per cent for Nigeria as a whole. This again means that the Niger Delta states have outperformed the rest of the country. But the Niger Delta average HPI-1 of 28.8 per cent is far worse than that of Saudi Arabia (14.9 per cent), Indonesia (17.8 per cent) or Venezuela (8.8 per cent). The best performing states in the Niger Delta are Delta at 22.4 per cent and Edo at 23.4 per cent. The worst performers are Ondo at 35.4 per cent and Bayelsa at 33.8 per cent. If Delta, the best performing state, were to be a nation, its world ranking on the HPI-1 would have been 43 rd , placing it high among the mediumranking developing countries. Gender Disparities in Human Development The term gender refers to socially constructed roles and social expectations of individuals, based on their sex as male or female. Using the biological differences of men and women, society erects institutions, rules and regulations that determine what is expected of individuals, what their rights and privileges are, what resources they can access, whether or not they can participate in societal decision-making, and so on. NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT Chart 2.3: Comparative Human Development Indices Between Saudi Arabia and Nigeria (Niger Delta Region) a. Saudi Arabia Source: Government of Saudi Arabia 2000. b. Niger Delta Source: ERML fieldwork. In other words, the power of an individual derives from the society in which he or she resides, temporarily or otherwise, and the way gender is constructed in that society. Like other categories of differentiation, such as ethnicity, race, class and language, gender can determine a person’s life chances, and shape their ability to participate in the socio-economic and political life of a community or society. While some categories of differentiation are ab- 57
sent in some societies (for example, race is not a normal category in Nigeria), all countries of the world, albeit to different degrees, experience gender disparities. These present themselves as different forms of asymmetries between men and women that ensure that one sex is favoured at the expense of the other. Gen- Table 2.12: HPI-1 Index and Its Parameters for the Niger Delta Region der brings about such disparities as unequal opportunities in employment, unequal rewards for similar work, unequal access to various kinds of productive resources, and an unequal capacity to participate in and influence decisions that shape the development process. Closing gender gaps is generally attractive, not only because it improves the lives of women and tends to raise their relative status, but also because State Probability at birth of Adult illiteracy rate Unweighted HPI-1 not surviving to age 40 average Abia 26 26 34 29.169 Akwa Ibom 27 28 35.5 30.649 Bayelsa 30 31 39 33.826 Cross River 26 28 33 29.3 Delta 20 18 27 22.355 Edo 22 18 28 23.399 Imo 25 29 32 28.949 Ondo 30 31 42.5 35.442 Rivers 24 24 30.5 26.53 Niger Delta 25.556 25.889 33.4 28.847 Source: ERML 2005. 58 NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
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SUMMARY NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPME
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Foreword Over the past four decades
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Acknowledgements The Niger Delta Hu
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OMPADEC Oil Mineral Producing Areas
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§ The HP1-1 for the Niger Delta Re
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Background Overview The Niger Delta
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ut also presents a challenge to int
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2 should be resolved. An oil trust
Page 18 and 19: 5 6 Social cohesiveness could also
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER ONE Introduction AMAZING PA
Page 22 and 23: aggregate, to how its peoples are f
Page 24 and 25: that allows tourism to thrive and s
Page 26 and 27: any mineral extracted in that regio
Page 28 and 29: put up similar resistance, but this
Page 30 and 31: and HIV&AIDS. The information sourc
Page 32 and 33: Box 1.7: Climate The Niger Delta ha
Page 34 and 35: 94 per cent of these have populatio
Page 36 and 37: expectancy index of 0.78 for Saudi
Page 38 and 39: to pockets of the region, in the ab
Page 40 and 41: Housing pattern in a typical Niger
Page 42 and 43: Revamping the rural economy by opti
Page 44 and 45: NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER TWO The Human Development S
Page 48 and 49: in terms of this access, the level
Page 50 and 51: the full burden of environmental de
Page 52 and 53: effective machinery to hold elected
Page 54 and 55: NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 56 and 57: whether the overall level of povert
Page 58 and 59: available data suggest that females
Page 60 and 61: HIV&AIDS in chapter four, so it wil
Page 62 and 63: Gas Flare at Umuchem Table 2.8: Com
Page 64 and 65: The HDI for the Niger Delta Region
Page 66 and 67: Table 2.10: Trends in Human Develop
Page 70 and 71: gender equity improves human develo
Page 72 and 73: development in the Niger Delta regi
Page 74 and 75: HDI, particularly in Bayelsa and Ri
Page 76 and 77: Map 2.6: Map of the Niger Delta Reg
Page 78 and 79: Table 2.14: Disparities in the HPI-
Page 80 and 81: Saharan Africa, the Niger Republic,
Page 82 and 83: Map 2.12: Map of the Niger Delta Re
Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER THREE Environmental and Soc
Page 86 and 87: of human life and economic activiti
Page 88 and 89: Chart 3.1: Quantities and Causes of
Page 90 and 91: Agency's (1991) environmental stand
Page 92 and 93: others. These changes have in turn
Page 94 and 95: B. Income-producing trees Avocado B
Page 96 and 97: abandon their traditional occupatio
Page 98 and 99: Box 3.6: Resolving the Niger Delta
Page 100 and 101: There is very little or no treatmen
Page 102 and 103: The flooding problem of the Niger D
Page 104 and 105: CHAPTER FOUR HIV&AIDS A CHALLENGE T
Page 106 and 107: five per cent. Nearly half the delt
Page 108 and 109: Map 4.2: HIV Prevalence Rates Among
Page 110 and 111: Chart 4.6: HIV Prevalence Trends in
Page 112 and 113: Orubuloye et al. 1992; Oyeneye et a
Page 114 and 115: the associated risks of HIV infecti
Page 116 and 117: stems from biological, social, cult
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Chart 4.10: State Responses to HIV/
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One particular point of outreach in
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CHAPTER FIVE Conflict and Conflict
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The most common and vicious forms o
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took control of Nembe and banished
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One of the shools destroyed during
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Box 5.3: Ogoni Bill of Rights, 1990
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groups have produced charters, decl
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understanding with host communities
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The frequent conflicts and the asso
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People. It presented its Ogoni Bill
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CHAPTER SIX Sustainable Livelihoods
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Table 6.1: Unemployment and Underem
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activity. Professionalizing the qua
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participants, is hard and tedious a
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Box 6.3: Environmental Degradation
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een largely limited to urban or per
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Table 6.5: Selected Community Devel
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drawing other industries to their l
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appropriate investment promotion me
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CHAPTER SEVEN A Human Development A
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Table 7.1: People’s Vision of the
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cushions the state’s economy agai
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purposes, and the property rights o
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tertiary schools, and for different
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identification of the potentials fo
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Box 7.3: In Mexico, New Forms of Tr
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• There should be support for mor
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In both Rivers and Delta states, mo
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Niger Delta Youths Metal fabricator
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4 PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION The ag
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air caused by gas flares, the degra
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6 • appropriate and timely compen
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uild institutions for sustainable h
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• Act as pressure groups in restr
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Chapter One References African Netw
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Effluent on Some Biota of the Lower
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Agents of Environmental Regeneratio
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Sexual Networking: Identifying Part
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APPENDIX ONE Appendices Table A1.1:
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Table A1.4: Type of Housing Constru
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Yakurr 0.442 0.372 0.399 0.404 23.2
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Mbo 0.408 0.295 0.258 0.320 24.075
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Orlu 0.567 0.349 0.320 0.412 25.527
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Obudu 19.35 25.50 22.00 22.57 Odukp
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Ondo West 34.00 22.50 32.50 30.49 O
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Oshimili North 7.50 16.00 19.40 15.
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Ogu/Bolo 11.80 23.50 28.23 23.13 Ok
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Ose 0.466 0.556 0.234 0.419 Owo 0.5
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Owerri Municipal 0.506 0.658 0.249
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Akure North 0.000 0.924 0.067 0.330
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Ngor/Okpala 0.000 0.927 0.062 0.330
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47) L. Adele Jinadu Centre for Adva
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Technical Note TECHNICAL NOTE ON HU
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1.4 Interpolation for Missing Data
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• A long and healthy life, as mea
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