Niger Delta Human Development Report - UNDP Nigeria - United ...

Fish Dried fish,*, oil, livestock feed Smoking kiln
Livestock Food Smoking kiln, laughter slab and equipment
Shrimps Food (smoked) Smoking kiln
Salt Table salt Heater, cooler
Ginger Spices Extractor
Mushroom Food Growth media, inoculant storage material
Kolanut Stimulant,* food Extractor, dryer, grinder
Spring water Bottled and sachet water Automatic sachet or bottle filling machine
Raffia palm Raffia production
Kaolin Pharmaceutical,* paper-making, fertilizer, Crusher, mixer, filter, dryer, pulverizer, press
insecticide, fibre glass, textiles, welding
electrodes, paint
Lignite Locomotive engines, electric power generation, Crusher, dryer mill, mixer, grater screen
energy conservation plant, tar, polish and wax,
* paraffin, nitrate fertilizer
Silica sand Production of bottles,* drinking glasses, glass Glass-making furnace
sheets, sand paper
Clay Burnt brinks,* ceramics, pottery wares, bronze Crusher, kiln
casting, sanitary wares
Bauxite Manufacture of refractory,* abrasives, Crusher, beneficiation plant
* chemicals for paper-making, water treatment,
oil and gas industries
Gravel Building construction Digger, collector, washer
Granite Building construction Driller, crushers, screens
Marble Tiles Grinder, polisher, edge-cutting machine,
overhead and wales tank, water pump,
miscellaneous tools and fixtures
Bitumen Road construction Bitumen plant
Crude oil Diesel,* fuel,* kerosene,* surface active agents, Refinery
synthetic rubber, nitrogen fertilizers,
pharmaceuticals
Natural gas Cooking,* fertilizer, power generation, Gas processing plant
* synthetic plastics and resins
Note: * - Products that can be developed through small and medium enterprises.
Most communities have
a variety of support
groups that provide
short- and long-term
coping mechanisms.
Links between rural and
urban areas support
livelihoods in both.
sustainable livelihoods is the need to build
upon existing potential to ensure the
suitability, success and sustainability of
interventions. This is particularly relevant
in considering social capital. Social groups
and organizations, cultural norms and
values, indigenous knowledge and practices,
local governance structures and decisionmaking
processes, social links and support
networks are all important for local
livelihoods. These social assets provide
coping mechanisms, such as a loan from
friends, to respond to short-term shocks
or stresses. They also allow long-term
adaptive strategies including migration to
relatives in other localities.
Most communities have a variety of
support groups, including cooperatives,
local savings and credit or isusu systems,
informal work exchange groups and
religious organizations. These are all
important sources of social capital. For
most people, particularly the poor, who
have no access to formal institutions to
secure credit or other services, the social
support network is the first place to seek
assistance in time of difficulty. Friends and
family form a safety net in situations that
might otherwise destroy the ability to
overcoperate in setting up craft guilds.
What may be impossible for an individual
to accomplish could be attainable as a
group.
The social and economic links between
rural andn cash and kind, including food
products, have a profound effect on the
livelihoods of both kinds of residents.
Occupational ties have also been found.
There has been a growth of some urbantypes
of income-generation in rural areas,
which reduces the flow of migrants to the
cities and opens opportunities for rural
dwellers. Cabinet-making, block-moulding,
motor vehicle repair, metal fabrication and
larger scale retail activities had previously
138 NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT