Niger Delta Human Development Report - UNDP Nigeria - United ...

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Table 2.14: Disparities in the HPI-1 HPI-1 High Low Disparity Rank Cross River 28.232 18.860 33.196 6th Abia 32.862 21.686 34.009 7th Edo 26.230 14.030 46.512 9th Ondo 33.337 23.284 30.156 5th Akwa Ibom 29.075 18.564 36.151 8th Bayelsa 31.138 22.428 27.972 3rd Delta 24.710 18.787 23.970 1st Imo 29.261 20.871 28.673 4th Rivers Niger Delta 28.137 20.275 27.942 2nd Average 29.220 19.865 32.065 Source: Computed from the field survey conducted for this report. Map 2.9: Map of the Niger Delta Region Showing the Spatial Correspondence Between Ecology and HPI-1 Index NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 67
Table 2.15: Categorization of Local Governments by HPI-1 Performance HPI-1 Number of local government areas Total number Low (less Medium (20.595 High (27.159 than 20.595) to 27.158) and above) Cross River 2 14 2 18 Abia - 14 3 17 Edo 10 8 - 18 Ondo - 2- 18 20 Akwa Ibom 5 21 5 31 Bayelsa - 6 2 8 Delta 11 14 - 25 Imo - 22 5 27 Rivers 3 19 1 23 Niger Delta 31 116 36 187 Source: Computed from the fieldsurvey conducted for this report. Areas without oil facilities appear to fare better on the poverty index than those with oil facilities—another indication of the unequal distribution of oil resources. Map 2.10 shows the HPI-1 scores in relation to the distribution of oil facilities. As is the case with the HDI, localities with oil facilities could be assumed to attract more social and economic activities and to score better. Unfortunately, this is not quite the case—most areas with oil facilities have high or medium scores, indicating pervasive poverty. Areas without oil facilities appear to fare better than those with oil facilities—another indication of the unequal distribution of oil resources. The high scores on the HPI-1 in those areas without oil facilities are not easy to explain by looking at the individual parameters that make up the index. In Abia, Akwa Ibom, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo and Rivers states, most localities with a high or medium HPI-1 score also rate high or medium on the life expectancy index. The same is true but to a lesser extent in the correlation between the HPI-1 and the educational index. A few localities with a high HPI-1 score low ratings on both the life expectancy and educational indices, particularly in Edo State (e.g., Ovia North- East, Ovia South-West and Orhiomwon), Abia State (e.g., Ikwuano, Ngwa, Ukwa East, etc.) and Akwa Ibom State (e.g., Mkpat Enin). All but two of the local government areas in Ondo State (Akoko North West and Akoko South East) have high HPI-1 scores. Cases of low HPI-1 ratings indicate that the Niger Delta region has resources beyond oil and gas that can generate sustained economic growth and development. The Niger Delta is so richly endowed that all that needs to be done is to harness, in a more coordinated manner, the diverse possibilities within the region. The GDI for Local Government Areas In terms of gender, many localities did relatively well on the equally distributed education index, but poorly on the equally distributed income index. The best performers on the GDI are Ondo East (0.556) and Ondo West (0.553) in Ondo State, Oredo in Edo State (0.544), Port Harcourt in Rivers State (0.543) and Calabar Municipal in Cross River State (0.543). The worst performing local government areas include Mkpat Enin in Akwa Ibom State (0.295), Burutu in Delta State (0.307) and Mbo in Akwa Ibom State (0.310). These scores may be compared with the national GDI of 0.439 as well as the GDI for the worst performing country in sub- 68 NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
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SUMMARY NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPME
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Foreword Over the past four decades
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Acknowledgements The Niger Delta Hu
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OMPADEC Oil Mineral Producing Areas
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§ The HP1-1 for the Niger Delta Re
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Background Overview The Niger Delta
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ut also presents a challenge to int
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2 should be resolved. An oil trust
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5 6 Social cohesiveness could also
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CHAPTER ONE Introduction AMAZING PA
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aggregate, to how its peoples are f
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that allows tourism to thrive and s
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any mineral extracted in that regio
Page 28 and 29: put up similar resistance, but this
Page 30 and 31: and HIV&AIDS. The information sourc
Page 32 and 33: Box 1.7: Climate The Niger Delta ha
Page 34 and 35: 94 per cent of these have populatio
Page 36 and 37: expectancy index of 0.78 for Saudi
Page 38 and 39: to pockets of the region, in the ab
Page 40 and 41: Housing pattern in a typical Niger
Page 42 and 43: Revamping the rural economy by opti
Page 44 and 45: NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER TWO The Human Development S
Page 48 and 49: in terms of this access, the level
Page 50 and 51: the full burden of environmental de
Page 52 and 53: effective machinery to hold elected
Page 54 and 55: NIGER DELTA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 56 and 57: whether the overall level of povert
Page 58 and 59: available data suggest that females
Page 60 and 61: HIV&AIDS in chapter four, so it wil
Page 62 and 63: Gas Flare at Umuchem Table 2.8: Com
Page 64 and 65: The HDI for the Niger Delta Region
Page 66 and 67: Table 2.10: Trends in Human Develop
Page 68 and 69: GDP index of 0.570. Chart 2.4 provi
Page 70 and 71: gender equity improves human develo
Page 72 and 73: development in the Niger Delta regi
Page 74 and 75: HDI, particularly in Bayelsa and Ri
Page 76 and 77: Map 2.6: Map of the Niger Delta Reg
Page 80 and 81: Saharan Africa, the Niger Republic,
Page 82 and 83: Map 2.12: Map of the Niger Delta Re
Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER THREE Environmental and Soc
Page 86 and 87: of human life and economic activiti
Page 88 and 89: Chart 3.1: Quantities and Causes of
Page 90 and 91: Agency's (1991) environmental stand
Page 92 and 93: others. These changes have in turn
Page 94 and 95: B. Income-producing trees Avocado B
Page 96 and 97: abandon their traditional occupatio
Page 98 and 99: Box 3.6: Resolving the Niger Delta
Page 100 and 101: There is very little or no treatmen
Page 102 and 103: The flooding problem of the Niger D
Page 104 and 105: CHAPTER FOUR HIV&AIDS A CHALLENGE T
Page 106 and 107: five per cent. Nearly half the delt
Page 108 and 109: Map 4.2: HIV Prevalence Rates Among
Page 110 and 111: Chart 4.6: HIV Prevalence Trends in
Page 112 and 113: Orubuloye et al. 1992; Oyeneye et a
Page 114 and 115: the associated risks of HIV infecti
Page 116 and 117: stems from biological, social, cult
Page 118 and 119: Chart 4.10: State Responses to HIV/
Page 120 and 121: One particular point of outreach in
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER FIVE Conflict and Conflict
Page 124 and 125: The most common and vicious forms o
Page 126 and 127: took control of Nembe and banished
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One of the shools destroyed during
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Box 5.3: Ogoni Bill of Rights, 1990
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groups have produced charters, decl
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understanding with host communities
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The frequent conflicts and the asso
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People. It presented its Ogoni Bill
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CHAPTER SIX Sustainable Livelihoods
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Table 6.1: Unemployment and Underem
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activity. Professionalizing the qua
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participants, is hard and tedious a
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Box 6.3: Environmental Degradation
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een largely limited to urban or per
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Table 6.5: Selected Community Devel
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drawing other industries to their l
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appropriate investment promotion me
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CHAPTER SEVEN A Human Development A
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Table 7.1: People’s Vision of the
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cushions the state’s economy agai
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purposes, and the property rights o
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tertiary schools, and for different
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identification of the potentials fo
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Box 7.3: In Mexico, New Forms of Tr
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• There should be support for mor
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In both Rivers and Delta states, mo
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Niger Delta Youths Metal fabricator
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4 PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION The ag
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air caused by gas flares, the degra
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6 • appropriate and timely compen
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uild institutions for sustainable h
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• Act as pressure groups in restr
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Chapter One References African Netw
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Effluent on Some Biota of the Lower
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Agents of Environmental Regeneratio
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Sexual Networking: Identifying Part
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APPENDIX ONE Appendices Table A1.1:
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Table A1.4: Type of Housing Constru
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Yakurr 0.442 0.372 0.399 0.404 23.2
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Mbo 0.408 0.295 0.258 0.320 24.075
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Orlu 0.567 0.349 0.320 0.412 25.527
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Obudu 19.35 25.50 22.00 22.57 Odukp
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Ondo West 34.00 22.50 32.50 30.49 O
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Oshimili North 7.50 16.00 19.40 15.
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Ogu/Bolo 11.80 23.50 28.23 23.13 Ok
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Ose 0.466 0.556 0.234 0.419 Owo 0.5
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Owerri Municipal 0.506 0.658 0.249
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Akure North 0.000 0.924 0.067 0.330
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Ngor/Okpala 0.000 0.927 0.062 0.330
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47) L. Adele Jinadu Centre for Adva
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Technical Note TECHNICAL NOTE ON HU
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1.4 Interpolation for Missing Data
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• A long and healthy life, as mea
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