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Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine CONCLusION: The 12-week SCT intervention is effective in improving moderate PA, as well as perceptions of self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and perceived barriers toward PA in AID. 1597 Board #189 May 30, 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM Injury Prevention In Veteran soccer Players: a Clusterrandomized Trial Daniel Hammes, Karen aus der Fünten, Stephanie Kaiser, Eugen Frisen, Tim Meyer, FACSM. Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. (No relationships reported) About 27% of all German soccer players are registered in veteran soccer clubs. They compete within a league system and friendly matches. A pilot study indicated a high injury risk in that population, but effectiveness of preventive programs has not been evaluated yet. PurPOsE: To determine the preventive effects of the FIFA injury prevention program “11+” in veteran soccer players. METhOds: 20 veteran soccer teams (n = 265) of Saarland county were recruited for a 9 months (one season) cluster-randomized trial. The intervention group (INT, n = 146; 45 ± 8 years; BMI kg/m 2 : 27 ± 3) performed the 11+ program once a week at the beginning of each training session supervised by trained sport scientists. The control group (CON, N = 119; 43 ± 6 years; BMI kg/m 2 : 26 ± 3) followed its regular training routine usually without a structured warm-up. During the study, player exposure hours (training and match) and injuries were recorded according to the FIFA/UEFA consensus statement. rEsuLTs: The 11+ were completed in 96.9% of all team training sessions and 14.4 ± 8.2 times by each player. 89 soccer injuries occurred. No significant difference was found between the INT and the CON group in overall injury incidence (injuries per 1000 h) (12.2; 95% confidence interval CI: [8.9 15.6] vs. 12.9 [8.8 17.1]; incidence rate ratio IRR: 0.94 [0.62 – 1.44]; p = 0.79). Similarly, there was no significant effect on training (5.5 [2.8 – 8.1] vs. 8.1 [4.0 – 12.1.]; IRR: 0.68 [0.33 – 1.37]; p = 0.28) or match injury incidence (28.3 [18.9 – 37.7] vs. 21.4 [12.7 – 30.2]; IRR: 1.32 [0.78 – 2.23]; p = 0.30). The same applied to contact (3.9 [2.0 – 5.7] vs. 5.1 [2.5 – 7.7]; IRR: 0.75 [0.37 – 1.52]; p = 0.43) and non-contact injuries (8.4 [5.6 – 11.2] vs. 7.8 [4.6 – 11.0]; IRR: 1.07 [0.63 – 1.81]; p = 0.80). CONCLusION: The 11+ program, performed at the beginning of each training session, did not exert a significant preventive effect on injury incidence in veteran soccer players. Given that neuromuscular improvements from prevention programs are considered helpful for preventing injuries, limited amount of training sessions per week may have limited such effects and therefore injury prevention. Supported by grants from F-MARC (FIFA) and the German Soccer Federation (DFB). 1598 Board #190 May 30, 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM Pedometer Feedback Interventions Increase Total Physical activity on days Patients do not attend Cardiac rehabilitation Cemal Ozemek1 , Wonwoo Byun1 , Katrina Riggin2 , Scott J. Strath3 , Leonard A. Kaminsky, FACSM1 . 1Ball State University, Muncie, IN. 2IU Health Ball Memorial Hospital, Muncie, IN. 3University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI. (No relationships reported) Maintenance cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs have been shown to be effective in increasing physical activity (PA) on days patients attend CR, while having little effect on days patients do not attend CR. Pedometer feedback has previously been shown to increase total PA and may be a viable tool in increasing steps on days patients do not attend CR. PurPOsE: To examine the effect of PF and/or motivational messaging interventions on total PA (steps/day) on days cardiac patients do not attend CR. METhOds: A total of 79 (61 men and 18 women, 61±10 years) patients entering a maintenance CR program participated in a 12-week PA intervention. Patients were randomized to one of four groups; usual care (UC), PF, motivational messaging (MM), or PF with individualized MM. PF and PF+MM groups were given step goals each week which increased by 10% of the patient’s baseline value when the step goals were achieved. MM and PF+MM groups received weekly motivational newsletters containing strategies to increase PA. Lifecorder PLUS monitors (Kenz, Nagoya, Japan) were used to assess patients’ baseline PA before beginning CR as well as throughout the intervention. Only average steps taken during the last week of intervention on days patients did not attend CR were compared with baseline. Time × group interaction was tested using two-way mixed ANOVA. Dependent t tests and one-way ANOVA were used to test within- and between-group differences in average steps/day on days not attending CR. rEsuLTs: There were no group differences in daily step counts at baseline (p=0.88). A significant time × group interaction was found (p=0.02). PF and PF+MM groups significantly increased steps/day from baseline to the last week of intervention (PF: 5407 ± 2773 to 7110 ± 3525, p=0.02 and PF+MM: 5409 ± 1955 to 7547± 3584, p=0.01). PF and PF+MM groups had greater increases in step counts on days not Vol. 45 No. 5 Supplement S315 attending CR compared with UC and MM groups (PF: 1702±3487 and PF+MM: 2137±3321 steps/day, p24 weeks were included. Standardized effect sizes (g) were calculated and pooled using random-effects models, Z-score alpha values and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was examined using Q and I-squared. Statistical significance was set at a two-tailed alpha value (p) of 0.05 to < 0.10. rEsuLTs: A moderate and statistically significant improvement was found at the FN (3 g’s, 187 participants, g=0.583, 95% CI=0.031, 1.135, p=0.04, Q=5.6, p=0.06, I-squared=64%) while a small trend was observed at the LS (5 g’s, 275 participants, g=0.190, 95% CI = -0.036, 0.416, p=0.10, Q=3.0, p=0.55, I-squared=0%). Results were sensitive to influence analysis as well as collapsing multiple groups from the same studies so that only one g represented each study. CONCLusIONs: There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend ground and/ or joint reaction force exercise for improving and/or maintaining FN and LS BMD in men. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed before any final recommendations can be formulated. 1600 Board #192 May 30, 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM Multifaceted Pedometer Program results In Favorable Changes In sitting Time, Physical activity, and Weight Saurabh S. Thosar, Sylvanna Bielko, Jeanne D. Johnston. Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN. (Sponsor: Dr. Janet P. Wallace, FACSM) (No relationships reported) Physical inactivity is a prime risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease and a public health crisis. Decreasing sitting time (ST) and increasing physical activity (PA) are unique behaviors which historically have been addressed separately. Pedometer interventions which are able to target both behaviors simultaneously may be effective to improve health related outcomes. PurPOsE: To study the impact of a campus wide self-guided pedometer program on ST, PA, weight (WT) and body mass index (BMI). METhOds: 4 men and 22 women (53.0 ± 12.4 years) completed a pedometer program at a Midwestern University. Participants received a pedometer (Omron HJ- 720 ITC) and were instructed to wear the pedometer throughout the 12 week program. Subjects were provided with software and education on using the pedometer output (hourly step count) as a cue to reduce their ST, and to increase PA. Subjects were asked to be active during the hours for which they had zero steps. They were encouraged to download their data every week to observe and make behavior changes for the subsequent week. They received 2 emails·week-1 with tips on PA, nutrition, goal setting, and stress reduction. The program also included weekly health related trivia questions and competitions among groups. Pre- and post-intervention PA (steps·day-1) and ST (no. of hours with step count equal to zero) were recorded via Omron HJ-720 ITC pedometer and the Omron Health Management Software. WT and height were recorded using standard procedures and BMI was calculated. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA were performed to analyze the changes in ST, PA, WT and BMI. Significance was set at p < 0.05. rEsuLTs: A significant decrease in ST (4.0±2.2 to 3.3±2.2 hr. day-1; p=0.041) was observed as a result of the intervention. PA significantly increased (6454±2602 to 7485±2870 steps.day-1; p=0.008) whereas a significant reduction was observed in WT (76.9±14.9 to 75.8±15.3 kg; p=0.005) and BMI (28.77±6.04 to 28.36±6.19 kg/m2; p=0.004). CONCLusION: A 12 week pedometer program targeted at reducing ST and increasing PA resulted in positive changes in weight and BMI. Pedometers can be used in an innovative fashion to decrease sedentary time and promote favorable metabolic profiles. Abstracts were prepared by the authors and printed as submitted. Thursday, May 30, 2013
Thursday, May 30, 2013 S316 Vol. 45 No. 5 Supplement 1601 Board #193 May 30, 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM Parkinson’s disease Patients Tolerate Multifaceted Exercise Intervention While Improving health-related Physical Fitness Corey A. Peacock1 , Kayla A. Wilson2 , Gabriel J. Sanders3 , Duane B. Corbett2 , Emily J. Fickes-Ryan4 , Ellen L. Glickman, FACSM2 , Angela L. Ridgel2 . 1Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL. 2Kent State University, Kent, OH. 3Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY. 4West Virginia Univesity, Morgantown, WV. (No relationships reported) Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder ensuing impaired physical fitness and neuromuscular function. Multiple studies have demonstrated physical improvements associated with either aerobic exercise or anaerobic exercise. However, little research exists demonstrating the effects of an exercise program combining both. PurPOsE: To determine if PD patients can tolerate sessions of combined anaerobic and aerobic training over the course of an eight week intervention. METhOds: 13 PD patients completed the preliminary 24-session, cohesive anaerobic and aerobic exercise protocol fixed over an eight week period. Our protocol consisted of 30 min bouts of aerobic cycle ergometry at an active-assisted pace of 85 RPM. In addition, participants completed 40 min of anaerobic resistance training (55-67% of their 1-RM for sets ranging between 12-15 repetitions), balance training, and flexibility training. As accepted by the ACSM, we collected pre- and post- healthrelated physical fitness data including cardiovascular health (modified YMCA 3-min step test), muscular strength (1-RM chest press), muscular endurance (curl-up test), and flexibility (sit-n-reach). rEsuLTs: Repeated-measures analysis of variance demonstrated a significant (p ≤ 0.002) improvement in cardiovascular health (102 beats·min-1 pre, 94 beats·min-1 post), muscular strength (61.5±30.9 lbs. pre, 83.2±38.5 lbs. post), muscular endurance (22 reps. pre, 34 reps. post), and flexibility (9.0±2.3 in. pre, 10.5±3.1 in. post). CONCLusION: Our preliminary multi-facet intervention program demonstrated both tolerance and health-related physical fitness improvements in PD patients. Further research needs to be explored observing neurological changes from this tolerated intervention. 1602 Board #194 May 30, 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM resistive Breathing Effects On Pulmonary Function, aerobic Capacity and Medication usage In adult asthmatics Ina Shaw 1 , Brandon S. Shaw 2 , Gregory A. Brown, FACSM 3 . 1 Monash South Africa and Tshwane University of Technology, Johannesburg, South Africa. 2 Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa. 3 University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE. (No relationships reported) The number of individuals with asthma continues to grow. In the United States of America, 1 in 12 individuals (about 25 million, or 8% of the U.S. population) had asthma in 2009, compared with 1 in 14 (about 20 million, or 7%) in 2001. Resistive breathing is a non-pharmacological treatment for asthma that is attractive both financially and as a more holistic approach to managing a chronic condition. PurPOsE: The purpose was to determine the effects of resistive breathing on pulmonary function, aerobic capacity and medication usage in adults with asthma. METhOds: Sedentary asthmatics were assigned to either a non-exercising control group (n = 22) or eight-week resistive breathing group (n = 22). Following five minutes of easy walking and eight minutes of stretching, resistive breathing group participants inspired and expired maximally in the semi-recumbent position through a tube 10cm in length and 1cm in diameter. Participants performed these breathing exercises for three sets of five to 10 repetitions at a 1:2 second inspiration to expiration ratio, three sets of 10 to 15 repetitions at a 2:4 ratio and three sets of 15 to 20 repetitions at a 3:6 ratio. rEsuLTs: Eight weeks of resistive breathing significantly (p≤0.05) increased forced vital capacity (FVC) (3.01±0.58 L vs. 3.52±0.74; p=0.000), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (2.85±0.57 L vs. 3.22±0.63 L; p=0.000), peak expiratory flow (PEF) (7.1±1.57 L.sec-1 vs. 7.68±1.26 L.sec-1; p=0.008) and FEV1/FVC% (94.86±4.94% vs. 90.64±6.67%; p=0.003), while significantly decreasing medication usage, but not FEF-25 (2.51±0.87 L.sec-1 vs. 2.19±0.63 L.sec-1; p=0.067), FEF-50 (4.51±1.23 L.sec-1 vs. 4.32±1.16 L.sec-1; p=0.431), FEF-75 (6.39±1.56 L.sec-1 vs. 6.72±1.50 L.sec-1; p=0.175), FEF 25-75 (4.07±1.13 L.sec-1 vs. 3.87±1.04 L.sec-1; p=0.308), MVV (107.43±34.65 L.min-1 vs. 109.62±38.91 L.min-1; p=0.701) and aerobic capacity (38.45±8.45 mL.kg-1.min-1 vs. 38.76±7.57 mL.kg-1.min-1; p=0.702). CONCLusION: These findings suggest that resistive breathing training has some success at improving pulmonary function and reducing medication usage in adults with asthma, but does not increase aerobic capacity. MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE ® 1603 Board #195 May 30, 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM Influence Of aerobic Exercise On Non-exercise Physical activity: Midwest Exercise Trial-2 (MET-2) Erik A. Willis1 , Stephen D. Herrmann1 , Jeffrey J. Honas1 , Jaehoon Lee2 , Richard A. Washburn, FACSM1 , Joseph E. Donnelly, FACSM1 . 1University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS. 2University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS. (No relationships reported) INTrOduCTION: Compensatory changes in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) in response to an aerobic exercise training program may impact weight loss. PurPOsE: To examine changes in NEPA in response to 2 levels of aerobic exercise training. METhOds: Ninety-two overweight/obese (BMI 25-39.9) sedentary young adults (18-30 yrs.) completed (i.e. ≥ 90% scheduled exercise sessions) a 10-mo. trial of aerobic exercise (5 days/wk.,70-80% max heart rate, supervised ≥4 days/wk.) at either 2,000 (n = 37; 19 females) or 3,000 (n = 37; 18 females) kcal/wk. or served as non-exercise controls (n = 18, 9 females. NEPA was assessed over 7 consecutive days by accelerometer (ActiGraph Model GT1M) at baseline, 3.5, 7 and 10 mos. Mixed modeling was used to examine differences between groups (group effect), within groups (time effect) and group-by-time interaction for NEPA assessed as average counts/min, and time spent sedentary ( 5999 counts/min) intensity PA. rEsuLTs: Within the exercise groups (2,000 and 3,000) N=74, there were no significant effects (all p > 0.05) of group, time, or group- by-time interactions for NEPA assessed as counts/minute, sedentary time, or time spent in light, moderate or vigorous intensity PA. However, activity counts/min were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the 3,000 kcal/wk. group (346±141min.) vs. controls (290±106min.) at 7 mos. and significantly higher (p < 0.001) in both the 3,000 kcal/wk. (345±163min.) and 2,000 kcal/wk. groups (317±146min.) vs. controls (277±116min.) at 10 mos. Although non-significant, sedentary time increased slightly (+2.3%) in controls and decreased in both the 2,000 kcal/wk. (-6.2%) and 3,000 kcal/wk. groups (-4.3%). CONCLusION: A 10-mo. aerobic exercise training program at either 2,000 or 3,000 kcal/wk. was not associated with compensatory changes in NEPA. However, the observation of significantly higher levels of NEPA (counts/min) and lower sedentary time in exercisers vs. controls suggest that, contrary to conventional wisdom, overweight and obese individuals do not become less physically active or spend more time in sedentary pursuits in response to exercise. supported by NIh r01 dK49181 1604 Board #196 May 30, 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM Effect Of Training In Chi-running On running Biomechanics Deepak Kumar, Kelly McDermott, Haojun Feng, Veronica Goldman, Anthony Luke, FACSM, Richard Souza, Frederick M. Hecht. University of CA San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. (No relationships reported) Running injuries are reported by up to 80% of runners. ChiRunning is an approach to running form that is thought to reduce the rate of injuries through encouraging a mid-foot strike, forward lean, shorter strides and other variations. No studies report the effect of ChiRunning training on running biomechanics in individuals without a current running practice . PurPOsE: To evaluate kinematic and kinetic patterns before and after training in ChiRunning . METhOds: Data were drawn from a randomized pilot study evaluating a running program for participants with pre-hypertension. The 12-week study had 3 arms: 1) intervention, group-based training in ChiWalk/Run lead by a certified ChiRunning coach (n=9); 2) active control, a group-based training in walk/run approach covering general topics about running (excluding running form) (n=5); 3) usual care, a group provided with educational materials about adopting a walk/run program (n=6). 3-D kinematic [over-ground (OG), treadmill] and kinetic (OG) data were collected from all subjects pre- and post-intervention. At the moment, OG stance phase data have been analyzed from 7 individuals (Age: 53±8 yr; Weight: 79.3±16.8 kg, M:F= 4:3) in the chi-running group, compared using paired t-tests. rEsuLTs: Post-intervention, the subjects had slightly slower running velocity (Pre: 3.1±0.6 m/s, Post: 2.9±0.4 m/s, p = 0.04), greater forward lean (p = 0.04) and less over-striding (p = 0.02). Other differences included a lower external knee adduction moment (p = 0.03), greater ankle eversion (p = 0.02) and greater external ankle eversion moment (p = 0.01). There were trends for a more anterior strike index (9% to 14 % foot length, p = 0.08), lower power generation at the ankle during preswing (p = 0.08), lower power absorption at the knee (p = 0.07), greater knee flexion (p = 0.09), greater power absorption at the hip (p = 0.08) and shorter sagittal hip excursion (p = 0.06). There were reductions in vertical instantaneous loading rate, vertical average loading rate and vertical impact loading but the differences did not reach significance. CONCLusIONs: ChiRunning intervention leads to changes in running biomechanics, which may lead to lower stress on distal lower extremity joints and tissues (ankle, tibia, knee) but the impact on proximal joints (hip, lower back) needs further investigation. ACSM May 28 - June 1, 2013 Indianapolis, Indiana
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