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Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine rEsuLTs:In K-6 data, moderate to strong correlations were found between OW/OB and Behavior (0.40), Clinical Care (0.28) and SES (0.37). Significant individual items included Smoking (0.30), Diet and Exercise (0.26), Alcohol (0.45), Education (0.52), Employment (0.39), Air Quality (-0.34) and Clinical Quality (0.31). When SES was controlled the correlations became non-significant. For 7-12 grade, the only factor that was significantly correlated with OW/OB was SES (0.27). Significant individual factors included Employment (0.34), Quality of Care (0.24) and Air Quality (-0.31). When SES was controlled for correlations between OW/OB and Clinical Care (0.24) and Environment (-0.28) became significant. CONCLusIONs: County health rankings may provide useful indicators to evaluate social and environmental factors influencing health outcomes such as obesity. Monitoring of these factors may help evaluate large-scale policy and environmental interventions but SES needs to be controlled. 1654 Board #246 May 30, 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM Obesity-related health risk In asian-subgroups In Canada: a Cross-sectional analysis Chris I. Ardern, Jason X. Nie. York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. (No relationships reported) PurPOsE: Obesity-related health risk has been shown to vary across ethnicity and time-in-country; however, reliance on broad categories of ethnicity in populationbased surveys have limited epidemiological insight. The purpose of this study was to therefore examine the association between the World Health Organization’s Asianspecific cut-offs of overweight (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥23 kg.m-2) and obesity (BMI ≥27.5 kg.m-2) with self-reported cardiovascular-related conditions (high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and ‘at least one’ condition) in Asian-Canadian subgroups (Chinese, South Asian, Filipino, Southeast Asian, Arab, West Asian, Japanese, and Korean) who are at elevated risk for cardiometabolic disease. METhOds: Six cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2001-2009; N=18,794) were pooled, and weighted to represent the Asian-Canadian population across 9 years. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle characteristics, was used to estimate the odds of cardiovascular outcomes across each of eight Asian sub-groups. rEsuLTs: Overall, compared to South Asians (OR=1.00), Filipinos had higher odds of having ‘at least 1’ chronic condition (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.04-1.62), whereas Chinese (0.63, 0.474-0.9) and Arab-Canadians had lower odds (0.38, 0.28-0.51). Compared to the normal weight BMI category in each respective ethnic group, the association between overweight and obesity on ‘at least 1’ chronic condition was highest amongst Chinese (overweight: 3.6, 2.34-5.63; obese: 8.9, 3.6-22.01), whereas no significant gradient was observed in Japanese, Arab, and West Asian sub-groups. Using normal weight South Asians as the referent, obese Chinese, South Asian, Filipino, West Asian, and Korean groups were approximately 3-times as likely to report ‘at least 1’ chronic condition. CONCLusIONs: The relationship between overweight, obesity, and health risk varied within Asian-Canadian subgroups, and was strongest for Chinese-Canadians. Reliance on traditional BMI thresholds and broad categories of ethnicity may mask cardiometabolic health risk in need of targeted intervention. 1655 Board #247 May 30, 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM Changes in Walking for Transportation among u.s. adults 2005-2010, National health Interview survey Prabasaj Paul, Susan A. Carlson, Dianna D. Carroll, Janet E. Fulton, FACSM. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. (No relationships reported) Walking is the most commonly reported physical activity among U.S. adults and is one of the ways to obtain adequate aerobic physical activity for substantial health benefits. PurPOsE:To estimate changes in prevalence of participation in, and mean volume of, transportation walking among U.S. adults from 2005 to 2010, by demographic characteristics and BMI category. METhOds: Data from the core and Cancer Control Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey - an interviewer-administered survey of U.S. adults - from 2005 (n=26,372) and 2010 (n=23,147) were examined for transportation walking prevalence (≥1 ≥10-minute bout in the previous 7 days) and for mean walking volume. Data were examined by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, education, BMI category and adherence to the aerobic component of the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for adults. rEsuLTs: In almost every group examined, transportation walking prevalence did not change significantly whereas transportation walking volume decreased significantly from 2005 to 2010. Overall, the change in prevalence of transportation walking [2005: 29.2%; 95% CI (28.2%, 30.1%); 2010: 30.2% (29.3%, 31.1%)] was not significant, but the population mean volume (minutes/week) of transportation walking decreased significantly [2005: 44.1 (41.3, 46.9); 2010: 32.1 (29.6, 34.6)]. Some groups, however, increased prevalence and decreased volume of transportation walking, including men [prevalence 2005: 30.8% (29.7%, 31.9%); 2010: 32.6% (31.4%, 33.8%) and volume 2005: 52.7 (48.3, 57.2); 2010: 36.4 (33.0, 39.9)], and Hispanic Americans [prevalence Vol. 45 No. 5 Supplement S329 2005: 30.4% (28.5%, 32.3%); 2010: 33.3% (31.4%, 35.1%) and volume 2005: 57.0 (49.9, 64.0); 2010: 45.1 (38.2, 52.0)]. Findings are similar for mean volume of transportation walking among those who walk for transportation. CONCLusIONs: From 2005 to 2010, prevalence of participation in transportation walking remained the same; however, mean time spent walking for transportation decreased. These findings demonstrate that prevalence and mean volume are distinct measures that should both be included for a more comprehensive view of transportation walking behavior. The distinction between the measures should be considered when designing surveillance systems, setting health behavior targets and targeting interventions. 1656 Board #248 May 30, 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM association Between 25-hydroxyvitamin d and Cardiorespiratory Fitness In The National health and Nutrition Examination survey Patrick B. Wilson, John Fitzgerald, Stacy J. Ingraham. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. (No relationships reported) BaCKGrOuNd: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) are associated with cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. Studies suggest that 25(OH)D is associated with CRF but have come from selective samples. PurPOsE: To examine the association between CRF and serum 25(OH)D from a nationally representative sample, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METhOds: Participants aged 12-49 were eligible for a CRF test, which involved a submaximal walking protocol to estimate VO . Participants were assigned to one of 2max eight protocols based on sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported physical activity. Estimated VO values > 75 ml/kg/min were recoded as 75 ml/kg/min 2max . Serum 25(OH)D was assessed with the Diasorin assay. The Pearson correlation was used to examine the bivariate association between CRF and serum 25(OH)D. SPSS Complex Samples general linear model was used to adjust for potential covariates and account for the complex sampling design of NHANES. Means and standard errors for descriptive statistics were calculated using Complex Samples. rEsuLTs: CRF, serum 25(OH)D, and covariate data were available from 5,392 participants from the 2001-2002 and 2003-2004 NHANES (out of 21,161). Approximately 48% of the sample was female, and the average age and BMI were 28.9 ± 0.2 years and 26.0 ± 0.1 kg/m2. Mean serum 25(OH)D was 24.8 ± 0.3 ng/ml, with 33.4% classified as deficient (< 20 ng/ml). Mean VO2max was 40.4 ± 0.3 ml/kg/min. Serum 25(OH)D was significantly positively correlated with estimated VO2max (r = .099, p < .001). In a multivariate model including age, gender, race/ethnicity, season (winter vs. summer), self-reported physical activity, and BMI, serum 25(OH)D was not significantly associated with estimated VO2max (Beta = .03, p = .277). However, when classifying serum 25(OH)D in terms of deficiency (< 20 ng/ml), there was a significant effect, with deficient participants having a 1.14 ml/kg/min lower estimated VO2max (p = .005). CONCLusIONs: Among healthy individuals, 25(OH)D analyzed as a continuous measure is not significantly associated with CRF after adjusting for relevant covariates. In contrast, when analyzed in terms of deficiency, 25(OH)D does show a significant association with CRF, although the clinical significance is unknown. 1657 Board #249 May 30, 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM If you Build It, Who Will Come? analysis of 1710 activity areas in 50 Community Parks Thomas L. McKenzie, FACSM 1 , Deborah A. Cohen 2 , Williamson Stephanie 2 , Terry Marsh 2 , Kathryn P. Derose 2 . 1 San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. 2 RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA. (No relationships reported) Community parks are important resources for population level leisure time physical activity (PA), especially for those in low-income areas. Few studies have examined how specific activity area types within parks serve community residents. PurPOsE: To assess relationships among park area/facility types and observed area and user characteristics (e.g., PA, gender, and age, race/ethnicity). METhOds: Trained observers used the System for Observing Physical Activity and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) to assess the use and PA of 1710 activity areas in 50 parks that served a wide diversity of racial/ethnic groups and income levels in Los Angeles. Each area was observed 4 times/day for each day of the week (7d). rEsuLTs: We made 47,732 activity area visits and observed 104,101 park users, including children (32%), adolescents (14%), adults (51%), and seniors (4%). Over 60 activity area types were seen; all parks had playgrounds, and most had gymnasiums (92%), outdoor basketball courts (88%), and baseball/softball fields (80%). Areas were accessible (91%) and usable (98%) most of the time, but rarely equipped (3%), supervised (2%), or organized (2%) and were often empty (67%). Area types were used differentially by gender, age, and race/ethnicity groupings. Most park visitors were male (62%), and they dominated sport facilities, including basketball (91%), soccer (82%), and baseball/softball (71%) areas and accrued greater person-MET values than females in all areas except playgrounds (overall observed number x MET intensity = Abstracts were prepared by the authors and printed as submitted. Thursday, May 30, 2013
Thursday, May 30, 2013 S330 Vol. 45 No. 5 Supplement 159,191 vs. 88,900). Males were less sedentary (overall, 58% vs. 66%), and engaged in more vigorous PA in all area types (overall, 15% vs. 11%). Few seniors (4%) used parks, but were more prevalent on walking paths (8%), picnic areas (11%), and tennis courts (13%). CONCLusIONs: Findings shed light on how specific spaces in community parks serve area users. Sport facilities and programs dominated all 50 parks, and differentially served males. Facilities were unused most of the time; strategic programming might attract more users, especially females and seniors who were underserved. Supported by Grant R01HL083869 D-53 Thematic Poster - Functional Rehabilitation May 30, 2013, 3:15 PM - 5:15 PM Room: 207 1717 Chair: Tamerah Hunt. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. (No relationships reported) 1718 Board #1 May 30, 3:15 PM - 5:15 PM Physical Training- related Injuries and Illnesses In a sergeants Major academy Class Ludmila M. Cosio-Lima 1 , Kathleen Brown 2 , Katy Reynolds 1 , Ricky A. Perry 1 . 1 University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL. 2 U.S. ARMY (retired), U.S. ARMY (retired), MA. (No relationships reported) PurPOsE: This study examined the incidence of and risk factors for training injuries and illnesses for 149 male and female U.S. Army Sergeants Major Academy (SGMA) students. METhOds: This was a retrospective report based in data collected during the 9.5-month training program. Only data from injuries and illnesses incurred during physical fitness training were included in the present study. rEsuLTs: During this time period, 49.7% (74/149) of the students were injured at least once. The crude incidence rate (initial injuries) was 5.2 injuries (68.9%), and accounted for a total of 1749 limited duty days. The three most common overuse injuries were pain, muscle strain, and tendinitis/bursitis. For illnesses, 63.1% (94/149) of the SGMA students had one or more illness visits to a medical treatment facility. The crude incidence rate (initial illnesses) was 6.6 illnesses per 100 soldiers per month. Infectious illnesses was the most frequent illness category reported (48.3%), and 94 students had a total of 311 days of illness-associated limited duty days. The most frequent types of infectious illnesses were bacterial and viral and these illnesses primarily affected the respiratory system. CONCLusIONs: Major conclusions drawn from this study include the following 1) musculoskeletal injuries were the major cause of limited duty days during physical fitness training, 2) overuse lower extremity and lower back injuries were the most commonly reported injuries, 3) respiratory bacterial and viral infectious illnesses were the most commonly reported illnesses, 4) alcohol consumption was a risk factor for the development of infectious illnesses, 5) smoking was associated with slower 2-mile run times when compared with nonsmokers, and 6) smokers had higher cholesterol levels than nonsmokers. 1719 Board #2 May 30, 3:15 PM - 5:15 PM reach asymmetry during y-Balance Test associated with Injury in division I athletes Craig Smith 1 , Nicole J. Chimera 2 , Ryan Pinson 1 , Meghan Warren 1 . 1 Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ. 2 Daeman College, Amherst, NY. (No relationships reported) The Y Balance Test (YBT) is a screen of single leg balance assessed with stance leg stability while the contralateral leg reaches in anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM), posterolateral (PL) directions. YBT composite score (CS) and ANT asymmetry have been associated with future injury in high school athletes, but research is needed to support YBT use in college athletics. PurPOsE:To determine the association between YBT CS and asymmetrical reach distances with non-contact and overuse injury in Division I (DI) collegiate athletes during an athletic season. METhOds: 184 DI athletes (20.2 ± 1.5 yrs, 1.78 ± 0.11 m, 80.2 ± 21.1 kg), injury free at the time of testing, performed the YBT to determine asymmetry (absolute difference between legs in ANT, PL and PM), and CS (summed average of right and left ANT, PM and PL normalized to leg length). Athletic trainers recorded injury throughout the season that caused the athlete to report to the athletic training room. Contact injuries were excluded from analysis. Sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) at different cut-points (94, 98, 101, 104, 106% for CS and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 cm for asymmetry) were calculated, and ROC curves were created to determine best cut-points for MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE ® predicting injury. Logistic regression models were used to determine the odds of injury with CS and asymmetry. Previous injury and sport were included as confounders. rEsuLTs: 81 athletes were injured with no difference in mean CS between injured (101.3 ± 7.9%) and not injured (101.2 ± 7.1%; t-test p=0.95). The best cut-points for predicting injury were CS < 106% of leg length (SN= 73%; SP=24%) and asymmetry > 4 cm (SN=59%; SP=72%). After adjusting for confounders, ANT asymmetry was the only variable found to be significantly associated with injury (odds ratio = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [0.21-0.87]). CONCLusIONs: As found in previous research, only ANT asymmetry was associated with increased risk of non-contact and overuse injury in this group of athletes. CS was a poor predictor of injury in DI athletes due to low specificity and similar scores between injured and non-injured; however, published data of high school athletes found females with CS < 94% were at greater risk to be injured. Therefore, CS may not be consistent across different ages and not useful for injury screening with college athletes. 1720 Board #3 May 30, 3:15 PM - 5:15 PM Individual FMs Tests differ between Collegiate Women rowers and soccer Players despite similar Total scores Monique Mokha. Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL. (No relationships reported) Total scores of .05, for all tests except rotary instability (ROW 2.33+0.48; SOC 2.10+0.31; p=0.38). CONCLusION: ROW and SOC performed similarly on the FMSTM. However, more individual SOC were at risk for injury, and SOC scored lower on the rotary instability test. Examining individual test scores within the FMSTM provides more specific injury risk information that can be used for exercise programming. 1721 Board #4 May 30, 3:15 PM - 5:15 PM sex differences In Functional Movement screen and y Balance Test In division I Collegiate athletes Nicole Chimera 1 , Craig Smith 2 , Meghan Warren 2 . 1 Daemen College, Amherst, NY. 2 Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ. (No relationships reported) The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Y Balance Test (YBT) have been suggested to predict injury risk. Most literature included only male or adolescent participants and only evaluated composite score, (FMS: sum [max 21] of 7 components [0-3]; YBT: sum of 3 reach directions normalized as % leg length). Sex differences exist in movement patterns; thus, before assuming injury risk is similar it is important to evaluate if females and males perform equally on these screens. PurPOsE: To determine the effect of sex on FMS composite (CS) and component scores and YBT composite score (CS) and asymmetries. METhOds: 200 Division I athletes [F: 92; M: 108; 20.0 (1.4) vs. 20.0 (1.5) yrs, 22.8 (3.1) vs. 27.0 (4.6) kg/m2] were screened for participation (excluded if not in correct attire or injured). FMS assessed performance of fundamental (components) movements (squat, lunge, hurdle step, straight leg raise [SLR], shoulder mobility, trunk stability, rotary stability). YBT assessed stance leg balance while reaching with the contralateral limb (anterior [ANT], posteromedial [PM], posterolateral [PL]) and asymmetry (absolute difference between limb reach in each direction). Independent t-tests established differences in mean FMS CS, YBT CS, and YBT asymmetry; Mann Whitney U determined differences in mean ranks of FMS components. rEsuLTs: 170 (F: 81; M: 89) participants completed FMS; no difference in mean CS (14.3 ± 2.4 vs.14.0 ± 2.5; p = 0.37), deep squat (p = 0.10), or hurdle step (p = 0.871). Females performed significantly worse in trunk stability (p < 0.001) and rotary stability (p = 0.01), but significantly better in lunge (p = 0.008), shoulder mobility (p < 0.001), and SLR (p < 0.001). 190 (F: 87; M: 103) participants completed YBT; no difference in mean CS (100 ± 6% vs. 102 ± 8%; p < 0.52). Females demonstrated significantly less asymmetry than males in ANT (2.7 ± 2.3 cm vs. 4.3 ± 6.7 cm; p = 0.02); no asymmetry differences occurred in PM (3.1 ± 2.7 cm vs. 3.8 ± 3.5 cm; p = 0.14) and ACSM May 28 - June 1, 2013 Indianapolis, Indiana
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