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"Rcrriew of proposcd flighr d^ury rc.qula-úors" The night Oury neguhton Scicntiñc Sudy G'roup Tr¡t s 3-l: SunnA¡Y oF Pronoseo Rscuurnoxs t. FllSbt dutY drretloo Crcr ¡l¡c 2. Ml¡lmum nd dur¡tlo¡ Crcr ¡l¡e 3. Fligbt timc li¡nits Timc frrmc tV'th facilities lor sleeptn2 n lltght I 2 3 3t 4r PEr e'tct Pe¡ ooth Fcr 3. l. Rerised Flight'Dury Duratiors Under tlæ proposed regulations. ùe base duraÚ hours. This wõuld include l0 hours of flight um iry of on-fìight sleeping quaners. urd operationa time and 20 hours of flight tinlc- [ncre¿smg cn availabiliry of sleep oppornrnity o I t hours. ar hmirs can'be increä\e¿by 2 hours for unplanned ope¡ationd delay. 3.2. Rest Period The basic unit of resr, associared with the basic I hou rs. I 2 3 3' 1l DcrcnFoa M¡¡.d¡r¡tlon (d uty/ftlglt) l,üt l¡l/t0 t6t72 IMó Ml¡" drr¡3lo¡ (lo¡rr) t0 l0 ¡1 It ,1 M¡¡. fligbl tlmc (Lour¡) tt læ lÐ .lt't:- ''' n
"Rerriew of pmposcd flight duty ægulalions" The Flight Dury Regulation Scþntific Snrdy Crcup 3.3. Stand-ByAssignmens Reserve time in this proposal is ¡ period of ti¡æ wlre¡ ¡ flight c¡Ew membcr is not on dury but nonetleless must be ablc to repon upo,n noticc (i.c. gezs ò¡n a¡c hor¡¡), for a dury period. TÞ guidel.irrcs explicitly rcjcct relating arnor¡nt of time of micc to ti¡ne of day. Ratlcr, it rclaæs arnount of timc of advance notification to ùe maxiru¡¡¡o duratioo of the subsequent duty period. With less than 4 hours of noúce. only a 6 hor¡rs dury period is ¡Ilouæd- As Dotific¿¡ion period goes !o ten or morc hours, ¡ full duty period, up !o 26 hor¡rs depending oa cim¡msl¡ures, is allowable. fu¡ al¡ernaúve to this slandby scheduþ i5 ¡¡¡ai ¡t^ining a corist¡nt 6 bour protccted time (by requesÐ for eæh 24 hor¡rs of rcserve tirDc. During this ürnc, ¡tÉ ccrtific¡æ bolder E¡ry Dot conurct tþ crew nrembcr to pLæ tþm on duty. This 6 þ* por{ must.þ ¡ssigrÊd before t}r c¡ew.Ten}ber begirrs.rhc reserye time assignmenL TÞ duty perid must bc comp¡e¡ed iD lt hours wiùin tlp reserræ riræ and mr¡st bc in æcordance with üre gencral guidelhes 3.4. Cumuluiræ Limis Tþ cumulatiræ limis fc flight hor¡rs are set u 32 hours for any 7 üy period, and 100 hours for any calendar month. The ¡æarly period is set by multiplying tÞ monthly requiremenr by 12 (i.e. l20O hours). 4. Ev¡luation of proposed regulations It is important to rciterate and emphasize ¡Ìrc, Study Grurp's position ùat ¡þ proposed reguladons as def-rned in tÌ¡e current NPRM on tÌ¡e whole r€present an imponant advance over exisúng fligùrrdury rcgulations. The principat improvement lies in tlrc æw dependence of ¡lp rcgulatiors on ror¡¡l duty time, ratÌ¡er than just flight time, in seaing limis on roÐdÍoum work duration. As rcvienrd above. thls is a mrch more physiologically rcund appmæh rcflecting tlr imponance rhar aII work dme has in the generation of fatigrrc. oposed regularions rlur inæntion "...to incorpo physiology inro regulashould address each of ¡Ìr rssr¡es identifred below. In comparing tlrc proposed regulaúons to the s¡ated goals outJined in the inr¡odr¡ction ro rl¡e }.IpRM and to availabb data rn tþ scientilìc li¡crarurc. tlre Study Group identified two imponurr gerrral rssues. 4. l. Excessive dury duration While regulaúon of tÌrc maximum duration of total duty time (ratlrer than jrst flight time) represena an imponant rmprovement from the perspective of tÌ¡e limits of human physiology, rhe acrrul dr¡aúon of the proposed work pcriøs subs¡antially excecds what can reasonably bc jusúfred by scientific data on human performancc and fau duraúons in exccss of 12 hou¡s ¡¡re assæ man crrú independent of circadian phasÊ scientific justification forbaseline work duntions of l4 hours, þ aloræ tlre greater durarions permiucd under opcrational dcley conditions. Ttrc specific duty ard tirne limitaúors a¡e tlre same ¡¡s those specifred in tlrc NASA recornmendatiors (22), although tlrere arc potcnti¡lly imponanr difÏerences between ùe NASA rrcommendations and tìe NASA document rcçsgnizes thc importancc c 4), it provides no evidence in suppon of the staæ ficient limitation (Section 2.2-3), nor was the Sn these shift dunúors might be æceptable in the u tånt to note û¡a¡ these dury perids are signifrcant work senings where regulatory arænùon has be forma¡ce de¡remens. including most other uansponåuon s€ctors. /t
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Airline Air Wisconsin Alaska Allegh
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AVIATION RULEMAKING ADVISORY COI\Í
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-..-.-__-^ Another reference is A S
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121 .xxx Reserve Rest (a) (b) (c) P
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12l.xxx Reseme Rest Part II: Pilots
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(2) Rescheduling the beginning of a
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(c) A certiftcate holder may assign
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(d) When there are no other resene
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A Example: Example: For augmented I
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. . . It is important to realize th
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(3) Rescheduling the Protected rime
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with time since awake for all times
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alerting is gone, when you're alone
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circadian lo*'¡here is a very shar
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(d) When there are no other reseme
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a A a A a A We're shooting around t
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V X I q N g d d V
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Table of Contents l.O Crcnerat Prin
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INTRODUCTION PrinciPles and Guideli
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has obtaincd required sle+ will be
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speciñc principles and guidetines
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perfomrance-impairing fatigue. Ther
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2.7 summary overview: Guidelines an
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REPORT DOCU]VI ËNì AI'ION PAUts,
Page 49 and 50: Uterature Reyiex' An Overvlew of th
Page 51 and 52: \l'hat Is Fatigue The oblectir.e of
Page 53 and 54: cf inaction t1'pical of fatigue (Nc
Page 55 and 56: The orderty planning and sequencing
Page 57 and 58: mrcrosleeps can also lead to enor o
Page 59 and 60: \ hen in fact they *'ere in thc pro
Page 61 and 62: shift *orkers (Colligan & Tepas. 19
Page 63 and 64: Environmental Factors The ph¡sical
Page 65 and 66: exrended or reduced ,{,lthough resu
Page 67 and 68: concluded (hat at least ló hou¡so
Page 69 and 70: thar re:tncrrng sleep to 5 hor.¡¡
Page 71 and 72: e\rernal en\rronrrcnt around the24
Page 73 and 74: L¡,m- and orlad¡ ( 198 I ). in th
Page 75 and 76: addit¡on murriplc missions and cum
Page 77 and 78: Augmented Cren's Linle rescarch has
Page 79 and 80: urnc asle€p and auditory th¡esho
Page 81 and 82: Denrcnt. \\'. c.. c¿¡skadon. M. 4
Page 83 and 84: Hamson. Y.. Horne.J. A' (1997)' Sle
Page 85 and 86: Lun¡.T D..French J.&Mircha.J.L (19
Page 87 and 88: (Eds.). Ìtiight and Shift \\'ork.
Page 89 and 90: p,oceedings o_f a sepr,-ntber r99J
Page 91 and 92: O X-éZlrj¡ú'uÞ
Page 93 and 94: "Review of propccd flþht d-ury E4l
Page 95 and 96: 'i!îiîri'Jüffi ,['å3åo,ilfi ff
Page 97 and 98: "Review of proposcd flight d-uty rc
Page 99: "Review of proposcd flight dury rcg
Page 103 and 104: "Rcview of proposcd flight d-ury re
Page 105 and 106: "Review of proposcd flight d-ury rc
Page 107 and 108: "Revicw of propæcd flight dury rcg
Page 109 and 110: Remarks by Dr. William Dement to th
Page 111 and 112: The second thing is that all sleep
Page 113 and 114: Well, there's an ideal time to slee
Page 115 and 116: I'm typicallv so sleep depriaed tha
Page 117 and 118: Coing beyond that, what is probably
Page 119 and 120: could certainly get the probability
Page 121 and 122: that WOCL, if you will. Whether it'
Page 123 and 124: It seems lilce common sense. Fairly
Page 125 and 126: All sorts of things happen, but the
Page 127 and 128: Fatigue, Alcohol and Perforrnance I
Page 129: taj X-VZFJ¡ÉFúÞ
Page 132 and 133: TNTRODUCTION The rcgative ::-pa:i o
Page 134 and 135: }IETHOD Subjccts Tweuty-two partici
Page 136 and 137: Druing test sessions, subjects were
Page 138 and 139: (t:00em¡:esing sesslcn of each con
Page 140 and 141: P€rformance pruErneter \Àas asso
Page 142 and 143: irnpaircd by apprcx:raarely 6 87ó
Page 144 and 145: -+-.r more complex neurobcbsvior¡r
Page 146 and 147: A rurth:r expla:ration for thc dtff
Page 148 and 149: REFERE]{CES Angus, R.G. and Heslegn
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Mullaney, D.J., Kripkc, D.F., Flec&
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TABLE I Summary of li¡ea¡ rgessio
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e ;U tr E.2 I 6 o 8.6 ¡u l z-¿ -1
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t) 2 a E e ê. 1) G C () 'l I 1 -¡
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I I äãË 's.8 ¡ Zã¿ .- , ¡r
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Crev. tattgue tactors m a\nauon ac
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Cre'., fattgue tactors tn auarlon a
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AIR CARRIER OPERATIONS ISSUES GROUP
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L AIR LINE PILOTS 535 HEFìNDON PAF
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Economic Impact Industr.v/managemen
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Daæ: Februarl' l, 1999 To: Air Ca
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ARAC WORKING GROUP PILOT MEMBERS SU
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Airline Air Wisconsin Alaska Allegh
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AVIATION RULEMAKING ADVISORY CONÍM
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Another reference is A Sci¿n¡ific
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l2l.xxx Reserve Rest PART I: PROPOS
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Part II: Pilots' Proposal with Inte
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(2) Rescheduling the beginning of a
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(c) A certiftcate holder may assign
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(d) When therc ore no olher resene
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A Example: Example: For augmented I
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. . . It is importanr to realize th
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t (3) Rescheduling the Protected Ti
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with tirne since awake for all time
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alerting is gone. when you're alone
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circadian low there is a very sharp
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t (d) When lhere are no other reser
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Q: We're shooting a¡ound the subje
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a o a
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Teblc of Contents 1.0 -'i.iéi;;,t;
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- Ch¡.lleugç to Human Pbysiologr
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¡s ob¡ai¡rcd required sle+ *ill
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spcciñc prirriptes and guidclincs
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pcrformancc-impairing fatig.ß Tlpr
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2.? Summary Overview: Guidelines ¡
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Fotn 49a6
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I)teralure R¿r ¡e x An Ovcrvtew o
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\t'h¡t ls Fatigue The ob¡ccti'e o
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Sccrcury Ron Brown funher illustrar
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The orderly planning and sequencing
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mlcrosleeps can also lead to enor o
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\Ahcn in fact thcy r¡'erc in t5c p
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shift uorken (Colligan & Tepas. l9t
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Environmentel Factots The phrsic¡l
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ex¡cnded or reduced. Although resu
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conclu,Jed rhar at lcast l6 hor¡n
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that re:tnctrng slecp to 5 hou¡s p
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errernsl en\rronrEnt afound rhe 24
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L¡m- e¡¡,J orlad) ( lggl). in rh
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addiúon multiplc missions and cumu
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.\ugrnented Crews Linlc resca¡ch h
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unÉ aslecP and auditor)'th¡eshold
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Derrrnr. \\' C.. C¿¡skadon. M A"
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H¡¡rison. Y. Horne.J. A. t1997).
Page 261 and 262:
Lun¡.T D..French.J.&Mi¡cha.J L rl
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Eds ). Night and Shrft tt'ork' P-.\
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p,oceedtngs o-f o Septrntber l99J l
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A SCMTSTTHC Rg\ÆW OF PNOPOSSP RTCU
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"Review of proposcd ftiSht d-ury tr
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"Rernew of proposcd flight dury rcg
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ff îíä?'effi ,trslågr'f#J"iTö'
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'*îïä?'Jüffi ,['å3å'üitr#.i"
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"Review of proposcd flighr dury reg
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'l,cview of propæcd ftight d-ury r
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"Rcview of proposcd flight duty rcg
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Remarks by Dr. William Dement to th
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Well, there's an ideal time to slee
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I wanted to say three or four thing
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So those are the three main things.
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-fact thnt t hours nny be adequate
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you tolerate before you have a micr
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do some studies and vou can demonst
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First of all, why does he have to r
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cognitive psychomotor perforrnance
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SUMMARY The present study systemati
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t, While this initial study clearly
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The simple sensory comparison task
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eathalyser (Lion Alcolrneter S-D2,
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RESULTS Alcohol Intoxication Condit
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DISCUSSION In the present study mod
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alcohol intoxication and sustained
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Participants may explain, at least
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sustained wakefulness and actual dr
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Fiorica, V., Higgins. E.4.. Iampiet
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TABLE f . Summary of ANOVA results
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.l) H^ .o -5 q, R -to It E .I.5 ax
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o0 c .ð -5 o P -10 ..A ã e o1 -t5
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Êro .l Ë € rn o- À IÞ -( -ro
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'. rev, ¡atlguc Iaclot> úr dv¡ô
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Cre t lattgue laflors m allatlon ac
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INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMST
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PROPOSED REGULATORY LANGUAGE 121.xx
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ARAC RESERVE DUTY WORKING GROUP IND
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ARAC Reserve Duty' Worbng Group Ind
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AR,{'C Rescn'e Dutv Work¡ng Group
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AR.AC Resen e Dut¡' Workrng Group
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proposal includes a provision that
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Rest Period: ARAC Reserve Duty and
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Attachment 2 Alternative Reserve Du
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ARAC Flight Crew Reserve Time Worki
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NATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIA
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January 15, 1999 Pnrlrous REsr Foll
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t4910-131 DEPARÍÌ{ENT OF TRAI{SPO
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Admlnístrator finds necesSary for
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similar language is contained in Se
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Rest Period: ATA Proposed Reserve R
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i I t-. :.-::l '!i¡9 ';:r Mr. Dona
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ALPA's HANGAR Page 1 of2 Volume 6,
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Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR 1
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Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR l
Page 379 and 380:
Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR 1
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