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2.4.1 Reduced off.duty period (exceptionÞ To suppon opcrational flexibiliry, it is engntzúthat duc to circumstances bcyond the control of tl¡e opcrator, it may be ncccssa¡y o reducc an offduty perid to t hours. This reduction would occur only in rcsPonsc to an unforcsccn opcrarional requirenrent. In this siruadon, the srbscquent offdury perid should bc extcr¡ded to ll hours. 2.4.2 Extended flight duty period (exception)- To support opcrational flexibiliry, an cxtcnded flight ôrty pcriod can be increascd by up to a uraxinu"' of 2 hor¡n duc to unforesccn si¡çurnst¿¡¡ccs beyond the conuol of thc opcr¿¡or. The subscqrrcnt required ofrduty pcriod should bc inc¡eascd by üc timc by which tlr flight duty pcriod is incrcascd. 25 Time Differences In geocral, the longcr a flight crcw æmbcr is away from thc hoæ-basc/domicile time zooe, üre møe rccovcry rimc is riecdcd for readjustment back to home-basddomicile time. Tbcrefqe, it is recomændcd rhat fcr flight duty pcriods tbat cross 4 q more tiæ zones, ar¡d tl¡u involvc 48 hor¡rs q Eue away from tbc bome-basc/domicile time zone, a minimr¡m of 48 bours ofrduty be allowcd upon rennn tobooc bascöomicile time. 2.6 Reserve Status nigbt c¡ew mcmbcrs on Fessrye $au$ prorvids a critical eleænt o opcrational flexibility ar¡d tbc oppom¡nity to meet unanticipatcd necds It is impøant thu f,ight crew membcrs on rescrve status obtain required slecp p¡ior to a flight duty pcriod 2.6.1 Definition: "airport standby reserye'- A rescrve flight crew membcr required to bc available (on standby) at an airpon fø assignmcnt to a flight dury Pcrid An airport standby rescrye ftight c¡ew mcmber should bc considered on duty and the prcvious dury perioa guidelines apply. 2.6.2 Definition: *on-call reserye"- A rcserve flight crew member required to be available !o an opemtor (away from thc airpon) fø æsignrnent to a ftight duty perid On-call rescrve sratus should not be considerci dury. However, it is imporunt that the flight crew æmbcr bas an çpornrnity o obtain sleep priø o an assigned flight duty period Two spccific principlcs shor¡ld bc applied Tbc füght crew mcmbcr should be provided e 1) prediaablc ar¡d 2) prrotccrcd 8-hour slecp opportuniry.'?redict¡ble" indicates that thc füght crew Embcr should have prior informaúø,(24 hours notice is recommc¡¡ded) as o whcn tbc 8-horu slec,p oppomniry can b obtained wirhin rhc 24-houon-call ¡escrve time. The 8-horu slecp oppornniry should not vary by mrc tha¡¡ 3 hor¡¡s on subsequent da)6 to ensurc ci¡cadian stability. "A ¡rrotected 8-hour slecp oppornrnity" sbould bc protected from inæmrption by assignment to a flight duty period Any approach that æs the requirements of thesc two principles could be utilized
2.7 summary overview: Guidelines and Recommendations Fi*¡re I prwidcs a summary ovcrr¡icw of ¡hc guidelines and recomændations discusscd in this docuænt- t, o = Ìt o() CN Þ I:t Þ(D C) rn c D P.. 2a{r 9.rbd Off-Duty Perlod Duty Period Ftight DutY Perlod P.r r¡f 1) A¡ bar 36 cofllirÞ !þu3 lþut!. ro hdudc 2 consocrrtþc nþhts ol rccovcry deç, h r 7. dsy psbd. 21.8 continuous trcr¡¡s h e 7daü pcrbd (loloilùìg trlght dutY p€rird h circadian low). q¡t Þ.a ¡+lú t-lrl ¡¡8 contiÞ tpr¡s lpurs uporì r¡tum tsna lolbwi¡ flþH dtty period acfoss mutti¡lr t¡rn zones. tholly, llontHy, ln¡¡¡¡ly 11h^l Therc b nol sufficient scientlic dalr to prwilc specilic guidance h this afe¿ Dr taaú ¡.rlcd Pt r.d brúrl', ^rYr.Iy '10 hrs The¡¡ b not ¡uffþicnl ¡cientif,c dd¡b prwid. ¡pcc¡frc guUam h thb arcr; lþwcvct c¡¡muhtþc llþhl duty 12 hrs llaximut (reqdres f 4 curr¡ fesriid at¡vc landngs. rcurs cl max¡Tl¡ll cumublþc hours, comp€nsåtorl otlduty time). For dt additi¡n¡l fþûú crer meirùer, ffighl duty lime can be ¡sees.d by t hrs (requiræ sle+ opportunity lor eac* crer mernbd. andbr FDPt > 1¡l lus, e bur* facilttY). E¡tcndcd FDPcan be increased by upb2hrs (srËequent ofl{uty perird inøeased by an equal amount). Figwe I. Srormary oveÌniûv of guidelíncs and recotun¿nd¿tiotts. 9 perkrd limitdiræ sho¡rld b. edjustcd do*rnvatd owf irueasing l¡me framca. cn I =CL Þ ct m x o =o. (D o. G t9m dx õc) õo -t, e9 (' ltt =P go Êlæ to (D ¡â
Page 1 and 2: Airline Air Wisconsin Alaska Allegh
Page 3 and 4: AVIATION RULEMAKING ADVISORY COI\Í
Page 5 and 6: -..-.-__-^ Another reference is A S
Page 7 and 8: 121 .xxx Reserve Rest (a) (b) (c) P
Page 9 and 10: 12l.xxx Reseme Rest Part II: Pilots
Page 11 and 12: (2) Rescheduling the beginning of a
Page 13 and 14: (c) A certiftcate holder may assign
Page 15 and 16: (d) When there are no other resene
Page 17 and 18: A Example: Example: For augmented I
Page 19 and 20: . . . It is important to realize th
Page 21 and 22: (3) Rescheduling the Protected rime
Page 23 and 24: with time since awake for all times
Page 25 and 26: alerting is gone, when you're alone
Page 27 and 28: circadian lo*'¡here is a very shar
Page 29 and 30: (d) When there are no other reseme
Page 31 and 32: a A a A a A We're shooting around t
Page 33 and 34: V X I q N g d d V
Page 35 and 36: Table of Contents l.O Crcnerat Prin
Page 37 and 38: INTRODUCTION PrinciPles and Guideli
Page 39 and 40: has obtaincd required sle+ will be
Page 41 and 42: speciñc principles and guidetines
Page 43: perfomrance-impairing fatigue. Ther
Page 47 and 48: REPORT DOCU]VI ËNì AI'ION PAUts,
Page 49 and 50: Uterature Reyiex' An Overvlew of th
Page 51 and 52: \l'hat Is Fatigue The oblectir.e of
Page 53 and 54: cf inaction t1'pical of fatigue (Nc
Page 55 and 56: The orderty planning and sequencing
Page 57 and 58: mrcrosleeps can also lead to enor o
Page 59 and 60: \ hen in fact they *'ere in thc pro
Page 61 and 62: shift *orkers (Colligan & Tepas. 19
Page 63 and 64: Environmental Factors The ph¡sical
Page 65 and 66: exrended or reduced ,{,lthough resu
Page 67 and 68: concluded (hat at least ló hou¡so
Page 69 and 70: thar re:tncrrng sleep to 5 hor.¡¡
Page 71 and 72: e\rernal en\rronrrcnt around the24
Page 73 and 74: L¡,m- and orlad¡ ( 198 I ). in th
Page 75 and 76: addit¡on murriplc missions and cum
Page 77 and 78: Augmented Cren's Linle rescarch has
Page 79 and 80: urnc asle€p and auditory th¡esho
Page 81 and 82: Denrcnt. \\'. c.. c¿¡skadon. M. 4
Page 83 and 84: Hamson. Y.. Horne.J. A' (1997)' Sle
Page 85 and 86: Lun¡.T D..French J.&Mircha.J.L (19
Page 87 and 88: (Eds.). Ìtiight and Shift \\'ork.
Page 89 and 90: p,oceedings o_f a sepr,-ntber r99J
Page 91 and 92: O X-éZlrj¡ú'uÞ
Page 93 and 94: "Review of propccd flþht d-ury E4l
Page 95 and 96:
'i!îiîri'Jüffi ,['å3åo,ilfi ff
Page 97 and 98:
"Review of proposcd flight d-uty rc
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"Review of proposcd flight dury rcg
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"Rerriew of pmposcd flight duty æg
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"Rcview of proposcd flight d-ury re
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"Review of proposcd flight d-ury rc
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"Revicw of propæcd flight dury rcg
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Remarks by Dr. William Dement to th
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The second thing is that all sleep
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Well, there's an ideal time to slee
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I'm typicallv so sleep depriaed tha
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Coing beyond that, what is probably
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could certainly get the probability
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that WOCL, if you will. Whether it'
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It seems lilce common sense. Fairly
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All sorts of things happen, but the
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Fatigue, Alcohol and Perforrnance I
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taj X-VZFJ¡ÉFúÞ
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TNTRODUCTION The rcgative ::-pa:i o
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}IETHOD Subjccts Tweuty-two partici
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Druing test sessions, subjects were
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(t:00em¡:esing sesslcn of each con
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P€rformance pruErneter \Àas asso
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irnpaircd by apprcx:raarely 6 87ó
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-+-.r more complex neurobcbsvior¡r
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A rurth:r expla:ration for thc dtff
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REFERE]{CES Angus, R.G. and Heslegn
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Mullaney, D.J., Kripkc, D.F., Flec&
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TABLE I Summary of li¡ea¡ rgessio
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e ;U tr E.2 I 6 o 8.6 ¡u l z-¿ -1
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t) 2 a E e ê. 1) G C () 'l I 1 -¡
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I I äãË 's.8 ¡ Zã¿ .- , ¡r
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Crev. tattgue tactors m a\nauon ac
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Cre'., fattgue tactors tn auarlon a
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AIR CARRIER OPERATIONS ISSUES GROUP
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L AIR LINE PILOTS 535 HEFìNDON PAF
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Economic Impact Industr.v/managemen
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Daæ: Februarl' l, 1999 To: Air Ca
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ARAC WORKING GROUP PILOT MEMBERS SU
Page 175 and 176:
Airline Air Wisconsin Alaska Allegh
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AVIATION RULEMAKING ADVISORY CONÍM
Page 179 and 180:
Another reference is A Sci¿n¡ific
Page 181 and 182:
l2l.xxx Reserve Rest PART I: PROPOS
Page 183 and 184:
Part II: Pilots' Proposal with Inte
Page 185 and 186:
(2) Rescheduling the beginning of a
Page 187 and 188:
(c) A certiftcate holder may assign
Page 189 and 190:
(d) When therc ore no olher resene
Page 191 and 192:
A Example: Example: For augmented I
Page 193 and 194:
. . . It is importanr to realize th
Page 195 and 196:
t (3) Rescheduling the Protected Ti
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with tirne since awake for all time
Page 199 and 200:
alerting is gone. when you're alone
Page 201 and 202:
circadian low there is a very sharp
Page 203 and 204:
t (d) When lhere are no other reser
Page 205 and 206:
Q: We're shooting a¡ound the subje
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a o a
Page 210 and 211:
Teblc of Contents 1.0 -'i.iéi;;,t;
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- Ch¡.lleugç to Human Pbysiologr
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¡s ob¡ai¡rcd required sle+ *ill
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spcciñc prirriptes and guidclincs
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pcrformancc-impairing fatig.ß Tlpr
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2.? Summary Overview: Guidelines ¡
Page 222:
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Fotn 49a6
Page 225 and 226:
I)teralure R¿r ¡e x An Ovcrvtew o
Page 227 and 228:
\t'h¡t ls Fatigue The ob¡ccti'e o
Page 229 and 230:
Sccrcury Ron Brown funher illustrar
Page 231 and 232:
The orderly planning and sequencing
Page 233 and 234:
mlcrosleeps can also lead to enor o
Page 235 and 236:
\Ahcn in fact thcy r¡'erc in t5c p
Page 237 and 238:
shift uorken (Colligan & Tepas. l9t
Page 239 and 240:
Environmentel Factots The phrsic¡l
Page 241 and 242:
ex¡cnded or reduced. Although resu
Page 243 and 244:
conclu,Jed rhar at lcast l6 hor¡n
Page 245 and 246:
that re:tnctrng slecp to 5 hou¡s p
Page 247 and 248:
errernsl en\rronrEnt afound rhe 24
Page 249 and 250:
L¡m- e¡¡,J orlad) ( lggl). in rh
Page 251 and 252:
addiúon multiplc missions and cumu
Page 253 and 254:
.\ugrnented Crews Linlc resca¡ch h
Page 255 and 256:
unÉ aslecP and auditor)'th¡eshold
Page 257 and 258:
Derrrnr. \\' C.. C¿¡skadon. M A"
Page 259 and 260:
H¡¡rison. Y. Horne.J. A. t1997).
Page 261 and 262:
Lun¡.T D..French.J.&Mi¡cha.J L rl
Page 263 and 264:
Eds ). Night and Shrft tt'ork' P-.\
Page 265 and 266:
p,oceedtngs o-f o Septrntber l99J l
Page 268 and 269:
A SCMTSTTHC Rg\ÆW OF PNOPOSSP RTCU
Page 270 and 271:
"Review of proposcd ftiSht d-ury tr
Page 272 and 273:
"Rernew of proposcd flight dury rcg
Page 274 and 275:
ff îíä?'effi ,trslågr'f#J"iTö'
Page 276 and 277:
'*îïä?'Jüffi ,['å3å'üitr#.i"
Page 278 and 279:
"Review of proposcd flighr dury reg
Page 280 and 281:
'l,cview of propæcd ftight d-ury r
Page 282 and 283:
"Rcview of proposcd flight duty rcg
Page 285 and 286:
Remarks by Dr. William Dement to th
Page 287 and 288:
Well, there's an ideal time to slee
Page 289 and 290:
I wanted to say three or four thing
Page 291 and 292:
So those are the three main things.
Page 293 and 294:
-fact thnt t hours nny be adequate
Page 295 and 296:
you tolerate before you have a micr
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do some studies and vou can demonst
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First of all, why does he have to r
Page 302:
cognitive psychomotor perforrnance
Page 305 and 306:
SUMMARY The present study systemati
Page 307 and 308:
t, While this initial study clearly
Page 309 and 310:
The simple sensory comparison task
Page 311 and 312:
eathalyser (Lion Alcolrneter S-D2,
Page 313 and 314:
RESULTS Alcohol Intoxication Condit
Page 315 and 316:
DISCUSSION In the present study mod
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alcohol intoxication and sustained
Page 319 and 320:
Participants may explain, at least
Page 321 and 322:
sustained wakefulness and actual dr
Page 323 and 324:
Fiorica, V., Higgins. E.4.. Iampiet
Page 325 and 326:
TABLE f . Summary of ANOVA results
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.l) H^ .o -5 q, R -to It E .I.5 ax
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o0 c .ð -5 o P -10 ..A ã e o1 -t5
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Êro .l Ë € rn o- À IÞ -( -ro
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'. rev, ¡atlguc Iaclot> úr dv¡ô
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Cre t lattgue laflors m allatlon ac
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INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMST
Page 340 and 341:
PROPOSED REGULATORY LANGUAGE 121.xx
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ARAC RESERVE DUTY WORKING GROUP IND
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ARAC Reserve Duty' Worbng Group Ind
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AR,{'C Rescn'e Dutv Work¡ng Group
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AR.AC Resen e Dut¡' Workrng Group
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proposal includes a provision that
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Rest Period: ARAC Reserve Duty and
Page 354 and 355:
Attachment 2 Alternative Reserve Du
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ARAC Flight Crew Reserve Time Worki
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NATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIA
Page 360 and 361:
January 15, 1999 Pnrlrous REsr Foll
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t4910-131 DEPARÍÌ{ENT OF TRAI{SPO
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Admlnístrator finds necesSary for
Page 366:
similar language is contained in Se
Page 369 and 370:
Rest Period: ATA Proposed Reserve R
Page 371 and 372:
i I t-. :.-::l '!i¡9 ';:r Mr. Dona
Page 373 and 374:
ALPA's HANGAR Page 1 of2 Volume 6,
Page 375 and 376:
Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR 1
Page 377 and 378:
Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR l
Page 379 and 380:
Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR 1
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