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\['e owe a debr of gratitude to rhe rnâny pilots who provided us with rePorts of their encounrers with pilot fatigue. These reporrs reveal that pilot fatigue typically occurs during back-side-of-the-clock operations and after long periods of time-since-awake' The pilors would like ro thank the FAA for providing this forum and the air carriers for conrributing to ttre debate. We hope that this ARAC has demonstrated to all interested parties how unregulated scheduling can lead to dangerously high levels of pilot fatigue for reserve pilots. 'We urge the FAA to quickly remedy this very serious safety problern 4
l2l.xxx Reserve Rest PART I: PROPOSED REGULATORY LANGUAGE (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (d), no cenificate holder may schedule any flight crewmember and no flight crewrnember may:ìccept an assignment to reserye stafts unless a minimum prospective Protected Tirne Period (PTP) of l0 hours during a 24-consecutive hour period is scheduled. The Protected Time Period must begin at the sanË time during any scheduled period of consecutive days of reserve status and the flight crewnpmber must be given no less than 24 hours notice of the Protected Time Period. (b) (c) A certificue holder may reschedule a specific Protected Tirne Period during any scheduled period of consccutive days of reserve by the following: ( I ) Rescheduling the beginning of a Protected Time Period a maximum of th¡ee hours later r*'ithout prior notification. (2) Rescheduling the beginning of a Protected Time Period a maximum of three hours earlier if the flight crewrnember is provided 6 hours notice prior to the beginning of the originally scheduled Protected Time Period. (3) Rescheduling the Protected Time Period by more than 3 hours once durin-s any 7 consecutive days by providing the flight crewrnember l0 hours notrce. A certificate holder may assign a flight crewrnember and a flight crewmember may accept an assignment for flight time in scheduled air transportation or other commercial flying if such assignment is permitted by this subpart; (l) If the assignrnent is scheduled to be completed wi¡hin l6 hours after the end of the preceding Protected Time Period; however. (2) If the flight crewrrrcmber is given a flight assignnrent for any part of the period of 020O to 0ó0O hours, any such flight assignment must be scheduled to be completed within l4 hours after the end of the preceding Protected Time Period. The operaror with the concurrence of the administrator and the pilot group rrny designate any 4-hour period for all operations between 0000-0600 hours in place of 0200-0600 hours. These limitations rnay be extended up to 2 hours for operational delays.
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Airline Air Wisconsin Alaska Allegh
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AVIATION RULEMAKING ADVISORY COI\Í
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-..-.-__-^ Another reference is A S
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121 .xxx Reserve Rest (a) (b) (c) P
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12l.xxx Reseme Rest Part II: Pilots
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(2) Rescheduling the beginning of a
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(c) A certiftcate holder may assign
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(d) When there are no other resene
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A Example: Example: For augmented I
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. . . It is important to realize th
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(3) Rescheduling the Protected rime
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with time since awake for all times
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alerting is gone, when you're alone
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circadian lo*'¡here is a very shar
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(d) When there are no other reseme
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a A a A a A We're shooting around t
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V X I q N g d d V
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Table of Contents l.O Crcnerat Prin
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INTRODUCTION PrinciPles and Guideli
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has obtaincd required sle+ will be
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speciñc principles and guidetines
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perfomrance-impairing fatigue. Ther
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2.7 summary overview: Guidelines an
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REPORT DOCU]VI ËNì AI'ION PAUts,
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Uterature Reyiex' An Overvlew of th
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\l'hat Is Fatigue The oblectir.e of
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cf inaction t1'pical of fatigue (Nc
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The orderty planning and sequencing
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mrcrosleeps can also lead to enor o
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\ hen in fact they *'ere in thc pro
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shift *orkers (Colligan & Tepas. 19
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Environmental Factors The ph¡sical
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exrended or reduced ,{,lthough resu
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concluded (hat at least ló hou¡so
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thar re:tncrrng sleep to 5 hor.¡¡
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e\rernal en\rronrrcnt around the24
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L¡,m- and orlad¡ ( 198 I ). in th
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addit¡on murriplc missions and cum
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Augmented Cren's Linle rescarch has
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urnc asle€p and auditory th¡esho
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Denrcnt. \\'. c.. c¿¡skadon. M. 4
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Hamson. Y.. Horne.J. A' (1997)' Sle
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Lun¡.T D..French J.&Mircha.J.L (19
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(Eds.). Ìtiight and Shift \\'ork.
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p,oceedings o_f a sepr,-ntber r99J
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O X-éZlrj¡ú'uÞ
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"Review of propccd flþht d-ury E4l
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'i!îiîri'Jüffi ,['å3åo,ilfi ff
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"Review of proposcd flight d-uty rc
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"Review of proposcd flight dury rcg
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"Rerriew of pmposcd flight duty æg
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"Rcview of proposcd flight d-ury re
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"Review of proposcd flight d-ury rc
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"Revicw of propæcd flight dury rcg
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Remarks by Dr. William Dement to th
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The second thing is that all sleep
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Well, there's an ideal time to slee
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I'm typicallv so sleep depriaed tha
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Coing beyond that, what is probably
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could certainly get the probability
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that WOCL, if you will. Whether it'
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It seems lilce common sense. Fairly
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All sorts of things happen, but the
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Fatigue, Alcohol and Perforrnance I
Page 129: taj X-VZFJ¡ÉFúÞ
Page 132 and 133: TNTRODUCTION The rcgative ::-pa:i o
Page 134 and 135: }IETHOD Subjccts Tweuty-two partici
Page 136 and 137: Druing test sessions, subjects were
Page 138 and 139: (t:00em¡:esing sesslcn of each con
Page 140 and 141: P€rformance pruErneter \Àas asso
Page 142 and 143: irnpaircd by apprcx:raarely 6 87ó
Page 144 and 145: -+-.r more complex neurobcbsvior¡r
Page 146 and 147: A rurth:r expla:ration for thc dtff
Page 148 and 149: REFERE]{CES Angus, R.G. and Heslegn
Page 150 and 151: Mullaney, D.J., Kripkc, D.F., Flec&
Page 152 and 153: TABLE I Summary of li¡ea¡ rgessio
Page 154 and 155: e ;U tr E.2 I 6 o 8.6 ¡u l z-¿ -1
Page 156 and 157: t) 2 a E e ê. 1) G C () 'l I 1 -¡
Page 158 and 159: I I äãË 's.8 ¡ Zã¿ .- , ¡r
Page 160 and 161: Crev. tattgue tactors m a\nauon ac
Page 162: Cre'., fattgue tactors tn auarlon a
Page 165 and 166: AIR CARRIER OPERATIONS ISSUES GROUP
Page 167 and 168: L AIR LINE PILOTS 535 HEFìNDON PAF
Page 169 and 170: Economic Impact Industr.v/managemen
Page 171 and 172: Daæ: Februarl' l, 1999 To: Air Ca
Page 173 and 174: ARAC WORKING GROUP PILOT MEMBERS SU
Page 175 and 176: Airline Air Wisconsin Alaska Allegh
Page 177 and 178: AVIATION RULEMAKING ADVISORY CONÍM
Page 179: Another reference is A Sci¿n¡ific
Page 183 and 184: Part II: Pilots' Proposal with Inte
Page 185 and 186: (2) Rescheduling the beginning of a
Page 187 and 188: (c) A certiftcate holder may assign
Page 189 and 190: (d) When therc ore no olher resene
Page 191 and 192: A Example: Example: For augmented I
Page 193 and 194: . . . It is importanr to realize th
Page 195 and 196: t (3) Rescheduling the Protected Ti
Page 197 and 198: with tirne since awake for all time
Page 199 and 200: alerting is gone. when you're alone
Page 201 and 202: circadian low there is a very sharp
Page 203 and 204: t (d) When lhere are no other reser
Page 205 and 206: Q: We're shooting a¡ound the subje
Page 208 and 209: a o a
Page 210 and 211: Teblc of Contents 1.0 -'i.iéi;;,t;
Page 212 and 213: - Ch¡.lleugç to Human Pbysiologr
Page 214 and 215: ¡s ob¡ai¡rcd required sle+ *ill
Page 216 and 217: spcciñc prirriptes and guidclincs
Page 218 and 219: pcrformancc-impairing fatig.ß Tlpr
Page 220 and 221: 2.? Summary Overview: Guidelines ¡
Page 222: REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Fotn 49a6
Page 225 and 226: I)teralure R¿r ¡e x An Ovcrvtew o
Page 227 and 228: \t'h¡t ls Fatigue The ob¡ccti'e o
Page 229 and 230: Sccrcury Ron Brown funher illustrar
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The orderly planning and sequencing
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mlcrosleeps can also lead to enor o
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\Ahcn in fact thcy r¡'erc in t5c p
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shift uorken (Colligan & Tepas. l9t
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Environmentel Factots The phrsic¡l
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ex¡cnded or reduced. Although resu
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conclu,Jed rhar at lcast l6 hor¡n
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that re:tnctrng slecp to 5 hou¡s p
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errernsl en\rronrEnt afound rhe 24
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L¡m- e¡¡,J orlad) ( lggl). in rh
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addiúon multiplc missions and cumu
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.\ugrnented Crews Linlc resca¡ch h
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unÉ aslecP and auditor)'th¡eshold
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Derrrnr. \\' C.. C¿¡skadon. M A"
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H¡¡rison. Y. Horne.J. A. t1997).
Page 261 and 262:
Lun¡.T D..French.J.&Mi¡cha.J L rl
Page 263 and 264:
Eds ). Night and Shrft tt'ork' P-.\
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p,oceedtngs o-f o Septrntber l99J l
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A SCMTSTTHC Rg\ÆW OF PNOPOSSP RTCU
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"Review of proposcd ftiSht d-ury tr
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"Rernew of proposcd flight dury rcg
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ff îíä?'effi ,trslågr'f#J"iTö'
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'*îïä?'Jüffi ,['å3å'üitr#.i"
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"Review of proposcd flighr dury reg
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'l,cview of propæcd ftight d-ury r
Page 282 and 283:
"Rcview of proposcd flight duty rcg
Page 285 and 286:
Remarks by Dr. William Dement to th
Page 287 and 288:
Well, there's an ideal time to slee
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I wanted to say three or four thing
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So those are the three main things.
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-fact thnt t hours nny be adequate
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you tolerate before you have a micr
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do some studies and vou can demonst
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First of all, why does he have to r
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cognitive psychomotor perforrnance
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SUMMARY The present study systemati
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t, While this initial study clearly
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The simple sensory comparison task
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eathalyser (Lion Alcolrneter S-D2,
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RESULTS Alcohol Intoxication Condit
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DISCUSSION In the present study mod
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alcohol intoxication and sustained
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Participants may explain, at least
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sustained wakefulness and actual dr
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Fiorica, V., Higgins. E.4.. Iampiet
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TABLE f . Summary of ANOVA results
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.l) H^ .o -5 q, R -to It E .I.5 ax
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o0 c .ð -5 o P -10 ..A ã e o1 -t5
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Êro .l Ë € rn o- À IÞ -( -ro
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'. rev, ¡atlguc Iaclot> úr dv¡ô
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Cre t lattgue laflors m allatlon ac
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INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMST
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PROPOSED REGULATORY LANGUAGE 121.xx
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ARAC RESERVE DUTY WORKING GROUP IND
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ARAC Reserve Duty' Worbng Group Ind
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AR,{'C Rescn'e Dutv Work¡ng Group
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AR.AC Resen e Dut¡' Workrng Group
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proposal includes a provision that
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Rest Period: ARAC Reserve Duty and
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Attachment 2 Alternative Reserve Du
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ARAC Flight Crew Reserve Time Worki
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NATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIA
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January 15, 1999 Pnrlrous REsr Foll
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t4910-131 DEPARÍÌ{ENT OF TRAI{SPO
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Admlnístrator finds necesSary for
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similar language is contained in Se
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Rest Period: ATA Proposed Reserve R
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i I t-. :.-::l '!i¡9 ';:r Mr. Dona
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ALPA's HANGAR Page 1 of2 Volume 6,
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Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR 1
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Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR l
Page 379 and 380:
Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR 1
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submission - Independent Pilots Association

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