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Preamble TABLE OF CONTENTS Part I: Proposed Regulatory Lan_euage.. ...................5 Part [[: <strong>Pilots</strong>' Proposal with Intent, Examples, and Rationale........... .........7 Scientific Support..... .......... 16 kinciples and Guidelines for Duty and Rest Scheduling in Commercial Aviation, NASA Technical Memorandum I10404 (May 1996)................ .Appendix A An Overview of the Scientific Literature Concerning Fatigue, Sleep, and the Circadian Cycle, Battelle Memorial lnstitute (January 1998)......... ..............Appendix B A Scientific Review of Proposed Regulations Regarding Flight Crewmember Duty Period Limitations, Docket #28081, The Flight Duty Regulation Scientific Study Group ..........Appendix C Remarks by Dr. William Dement to the ARAC Working Group Pilot Representatives, December l, 1998 ...............4ppendix D Fatigue, Alcohol and Performance lmpairment, Nature. Vol. 338, July-Augusr 1991 .. Appendix E Quantifying the Performance Impairrnent associated with Sustained Wakefulness, Nicole l-amond and Drew'öãffiilÌhe Centre for Sleep Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia... Appendix F Crew fatigue factors in the Guantanamo Bay aviation accident, NASA abstract..........Appendix G
AVIATION RULEMAKING ADVISORY COI\ÍMITTEE RESERVE REST WORKING GROUP PROPOSAL OF 77,955 AIRLINE PILOTS January 8, 1999 PREAMBLE This document is submitted on behalf of approximately 78,000 commercial airline pilots. The proposal that follows contains our recommendations for Federal Aviation Regulations concerning rest requirements and duty limitations for reserve pilots. It is applicable to all Domestic and lntemational Part l2l operations under FAR Subparts e, R, and S. Part 135 re-øulations should be revised to provide a level of safety equivalent to this proposal. Our proposal is presented in two parts. Part I is the proposed regulatory language. Part II provides our intent, examples, and rationale. The scientihc support for our proposal is included in the endno!9s. We are pleased that both pilots and air carriers were able ro agree on the following elements of a proposed reserve rest rule: I ' A pilot should be scheduled by the operator to receive a protected time period as an oppomlnity to sleep for every day of reserve duty. The operator may not contact the pilot during this period. 2. An operator should limit the movemenr of a pilot's prorected time period during consecutive days of reserve dut¡, to ensure circadian stability. 3. A reserve pilot's availability for duty should be limired ro prevenr pilot fatigue as a result of len-ethy periods of time-since-awake.
Page 1: Airline Air Wisconsin Alaska Allegh
Page 5 and 6: -..-.-__-^ Another reference is A S
Page 7 and 8: 121 .xxx Reserve Rest (a) (b) (c) P
Page 9 and 10: 12l.xxx Reseme Rest Part II: Pilots
Page 11 and 12: (2) Rescheduling the beginning of a
Page 13 and 14: (c) A certiftcate holder may assign
Page 15 and 16: (d) When there are no other resene
Page 17 and 18: A Example: Example: For augmented I
Page 19 and 20: . . . It is important to realize th
Page 21 and 22: (3) Rescheduling the Protected rime
Page 23 and 24: with time since awake for all times
Page 25 and 26: alerting is gone, when you're alone
Page 27 and 28: circadian lo*'¡here is a very shar
Page 29 and 30: (d) When there are no other reseme
Page 31 and 32: a A a A a A We're shooting around t
Page 33 and 34: V X I q N g d d V
Page 35 and 36: Table of Contents l.O Crcnerat Prin
Page 37 and 38: INTRODUCTION PrinciPles and Guideli
Page 39 and 40: has obtaincd required sle+ will be
Page 41 and 42: speciñc principles and guidetines
Page 43 and 44: perfomrance-impairing fatigue. Ther
Page 45 and 46: 2.7 summary overview: Guidelines an
Page 47 and 48: REPORT DOCU]VI ËNì AI'ION PAUts,
Page 49 and 50: Uterature Reyiex' An Overvlew of th
Page 51 and 52: \l'hat Is Fatigue The oblectir.e of
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cf inaction t1'pical of fatigue (Nc
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The orderty planning and sequencing
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mrcrosleeps can also lead to enor o
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\ hen in fact they *'ere in thc pro
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shift *orkers (Colligan & Tepas. 19
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Environmental Factors The ph¡sical
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exrended or reduced ,{,lthough resu
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concluded (hat at least ló hou¡so
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thar re:tncrrng sleep to 5 hor.¡¡
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e\rernal en\rronrrcnt around the24
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L¡,m- and orlad¡ ( 198 I ). in th
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addit¡on murriplc missions and cum
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Augmented Cren's Linle rescarch has
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urnc asle€p and auditory th¡esho
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Denrcnt. \\'. c.. c¿¡skadon. M. 4
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Hamson. Y.. Horne.J. A' (1997)' Sle
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Lun¡.T D..French J.&Mircha.J.L (19
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(Eds.). Ìtiight and Shift \\'ork.
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p,oceedings o_f a sepr,-ntber r99J
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O X-éZlrj¡ú'uÞ
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"Review of propccd flþht d-ury E4l
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'i!îiîri'Jüffi ,['å3åo,ilfi ff
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"Review of proposcd flight d-uty rc
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"Review of proposcd flight dury rcg
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"Rerriew of pmposcd flight duty æg
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"Rcview of proposcd flight d-ury re
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"Review of proposcd flight d-ury rc
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"Revicw of propæcd flight dury rcg
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Remarks by Dr. William Dement to th
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The second thing is that all sleep
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Well, there's an ideal time to slee
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I'm typicallv so sleep depriaed tha
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Coing beyond that, what is probably
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could certainly get the probability
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that WOCL, if you will. Whether it'
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It seems lilce common sense. Fairly
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All sorts of things happen, but the
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Fatigue, Alcohol and Perforrnance I
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taj X-VZFJ¡ÉFúÞ
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TNTRODUCTION The rcgative ::-pa:i o
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}IETHOD Subjccts Tweuty-two partici
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Druing test sessions, subjects were
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(t:00em¡:esing sesslcn of each con
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P€rformance pruErneter \Àas asso
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irnpaircd by apprcx:raarely 6 87ó
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-+-.r more complex neurobcbsvior¡r
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A rurth:r expla:ration for thc dtff
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REFERE]{CES Angus, R.G. and Heslegn
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Mullaney, D.J., Kripkc, D.F., Flec&
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TABLE I Summary of li¡ea¡ rgessio
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e ;U tr E.2 I 6 o 8.6 ¡u l z-¿ -1
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t) 2 a E e ê. 1) G C () 'l I 1 -¡
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I I äãË 's.8 ¡ Zã¿ .- , ¡r
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Crev. tattgue tactors m a\nauon ac
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Cre'., fattgue tactors tn auarlon a
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AIR CARRIER OPERATIONS ISSUES GROUP
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L AIR LINE PILOTS 535 HEFìNDON PAF
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Economic Impact Industr.v/managemen
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Daæ: Februarl' l, 1999 To: Air Ca
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ARAC WORKING GROUP PILOT MEMBERS SU
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Airline Air Wisconsin Alaska Allegh
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AVIATION RULEMAKING ADVISORY CONÍM
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Another reference is A Sci¿n¡ific
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l2l.xxx Reserve Rest PART I: PROPOS
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Part II: Pilots' Proposal with Inte
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(2) Rescheduling the beginning of a
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(c) A certiftcate holder may assign
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(d) When therc ore no olher resene
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A Example: Example: For augmented I
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. . . It is importanr to realize th
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t (3) Rescheduling the Protected Ti
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with tirne since awake for all time
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alerting is gone. when you're alone
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circadian low there is a very sharp
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t (d) When lhere are no other reser
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Q: We're shooting a¡ound the subje
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a o a
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Teblc of Contents 1.0 -'i.iéi;;,t;
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- Ch¡.lleugç to Human Pbysiologr
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¡s ob¡ai¡rcd required sle+ *ill
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spcciñc prirriptes and guidclincs
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pcrformancc-impairing fatig.ß Tlpr
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2.? Summary Overview: Guidelines ¡
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Fotn 49a6
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I)teralure R¿r ¡e x An Ovcrvtew o
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\t'h¡t ls Fatigue The ob¡ccti'e o
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Sccrcury Ron Brown funher illustrar
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The orderly planning and sequencing
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mlcrosleeps can also lead to enor o
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\Ahcn in fact thcy r¡'erc in t5c p
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shift uorken (Colligan & Tepas. l9t
Page 239 and 240:
Environmentel Factots The phrsic¡l
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ex¡cnded or reduced. Although resu
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conclu,Jed rhar at lcast l6 hor¡n
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that re:tnctrng slecp to 5 hou¡s p
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errernsl en\rronrEnt afound rhe 24
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L¡m- e¡¡,J orlad) ( lggl). in rh
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addiúon multiplc missions and cumu
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.\ugrnented Crews Linlc resca¡ch h
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unÉ aslecP and auditor)'th¡eshold
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Derrrnr. \\' C.. C¿¡skadon. M A"
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H¡¡rison. Y. Horne.J. A. t1997).
Page 261 and 262:
Lun¡.T D..French.J.&Mi¡cha.J L rl
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Eds ). Night and Shrft tt'ork' P-.\
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p,oceedtngs o-f o Septrntber l99J l
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A SCMTSTTHC Rg\ÆW OF PNOPOSSP RTCU
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"Review of proposcd ftiSht d-ury tr
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"Rernew of proposcd flight dury rcg
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ff îíä?'effi ,trslågr'f#J"iTö'
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'*îïä?'Jüffi ,['å3å'üitr#.i"
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"Review of proposcd flighr dury reg
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'l,cview of propæcd ftight d-ury r
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"Rcview of proposcd flight duty rcg
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Remarks by Dr. William Dement to th
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Well, there's an ideal time to slee
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I wanted to say three or four thing
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So those are the three main things.
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-fact thnt t hours nny be adequate
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you tolerate before you have a micr
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do some studies and vou can demonst
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First of all, why does he have to r
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cognitive psychomotor perforrnance
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SUMMARY The present study systemati
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t, While this initial study clearly
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The simple sensory comparison task
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eathalyser (Lion Alcolrneter S-D2,
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RESULTS Alcohol Intoxication Condit
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DISCUSSION In the present study mod
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alcohol intoxication and sustained
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Participants may explain, at least
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sustained wakefulness and actual dr
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Fiorica, V., Higgins. E.4.. Iampiet
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TABLE f . Summary of ANOVA results
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.l) H^ .o -5 q, R -to It E .I.5 ax
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o0 c .ð -5 o P -10 ..A ã e o1 -t5
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Êro .l Ë € rn o- À IÞ -( -ro
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'. rev, ¡atlguc Iaclot> úr dv¡ô
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Cre t lattgue laflors m allatlon ac
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INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAMST
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PROPOSED REGULATORY LANGUAGE 121.xx
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ARAC RESERVE DUTY WORKING GROUP IND
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ARAC Reserve Duty' Worbng Group Ind
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AR,{'C Rescn'e Dutv Work¡ng Group
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AR.AC Resen e Dut¡' Workrng Group
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proposal includes a provision that
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Rest Period: ARAC Reserve Duty and
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Attachment 2 Alternative Reserve Du
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ARAC Flight Crew Reserve Time Worki
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NATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIA
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January 15, 1999 Pnrlrous REsr Foll
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t4910-131 DEPARÍÌ{ENT OF TRAI{SPO
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Admlnístrator finds necesSary for
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similar language is contained in Se
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Rest Period: ATA Proposed Reserve R
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i I t-. :.-::l '!i¡9 ';:r Mr. Dona
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ALPA's HANGAR Page 1 of2 Volume 6,
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Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR 1
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Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR l
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Letter: FAA Interpretation of FAR 1
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