View/Open

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The geometric parameters are listed below: symbol parameter (mm) l Pitch length 5.65 l1 Bead width 3.2 l2 Width of the film part 3.35 r Radius of the bead (1/2 of l1) 1.6 h Height of the side ring of the bead 0.75 H Height from HADT centre axis to the top of the side ring of the bead When the origin of the co-ordinators is as in the figure above, the expression of the semi-circle is: 2 2 2 2 2 y r ( x r) H 1.6 ( x 1.6) 10.4 3.2x x 10.4 So the semi-circular revolved surface area is [70]: 3.2 2 Acb 2 y 1 ( y) dx 0 Where Thus y x x 2 1/2 [(3.2 ) ] 1.6 x 3.2x x 2 and - 188 - 1 ( ) 2 y 2.56 3.2x x 2 3.2 3.2 2 3.2x x 10.4 0 =360.63 (mm 0 2 2 ) Acb 2 y 1 ( y ) dx 2 2.56 [ ] dx 3.2x x The area of the two flat rings (see Figure IV 3): A 2 ( H R ) 2 (10.4 9.65 ) =94.48 (mm 2 ) r 2 2 2 2 2 The two parts of the film are like two frusta of cones (see Figure IV. 1) and the area can be calculated as: l2 2 2 2.95 2 2 Af 2 [ ( R1 R2 ) ( ) ( R1 R2) ] 2 [ (10.35 9.65) ( ) (10.35 9.65) ] 2 2 =205.17 (mm 2 ) 2 . 10.4
The total area of the complicated corrugated surface is: A A A A mm 2 Total cb r f 360.63 94.48 205.17 660.28( ) =660.28 (mm 2 ) The area of the base cylinder is: ABase cylinder Dl 19.3 5.65 =342.58 (mm 2 ) Thus the ratio of the corrugated surface area to the base cylindrical surface area is: Ratio=660.28/342.58=195% - 189 -
Page 1 and 2:
The Effects of CPAP Tube Reverse Fl
Page 3 and 4:
Acknowledgement First of all, I wou
Page 5 and 6:
When deep breathing induced reverse
Page 7 and 8:
2.4.1 Reverse flow calculation ....
Page 9 and 10:
5.3.1 Thermal dynamic model under s
Page 11 and 12:
XI.3 Steady state mask thermal bala
Page 13 and 14:
List of Figures Figure 1.1 Obstruct
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 5.10 Comparison between expe
Page 17 and 18:
Figure 6.13 Fluctuation of airflow
Page 19 and 20:
Table 5.3 Comparison of condensatio
Page 21 and 22:
Nomenclature Symbol Meaning of the
Page 23 and 24:
CMFeO CMFet C O C t Concentration o
Page 25 and 26:
m C 23 m Ca m cv m Cw m store m i m
Page 27 and 28:
Nu Cp Nu dir Nu Ti Nu To Nuwsn Nuws
Page 29 and 30:
QMor QMwst QTastn QTicn QTin Q
Page 31 and 32:
R Mic R Moc R Ticn R Toc R Torn Mas
Page 33 and 34:
V Capacity of the container m 3 V C
Page 35 and 36:
1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 37 and 38:
The MRD is worn in user’s mouth w
Page 39 and 40:
Figure 1.4 CPAP machine Figure 1.5
Page 41 and 42:
1.3 Literature survey A literature
Page 43 and 44:
CPAP fluid dynamic performance with
Page 45 and 46:
Chapter 2 Mathematical Modelling of
Page 47 and 48:
2.3 Fluid dynamic analysis This sec
Page 49 and 50:
If there are minor pressure drops,
Page 51 and 52:
Figure 2.6 Pressure sensor - Honeyw
Page 53 and 54:
The pressure readings were taken af
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 2.12 Experimental set up for
Page 57 and 58:
2.3.4 Chamber air space mass balanc
Page 59 and 60:
From the above analysis, the pressu
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 2.18 Full face mask and the
Page 63 and 64:
Inserting Eq. (2.26) and Eq. (2.27)
Page 65 and 66:
Where n( ) t is the airflow proper
Page 67 and 68:
However in reality, mixing turns ou
Page 69 and 70:
Chapter 3 Mathematical Modelling of
Page 71 and 72:
An Environment Control Chamber (Vö
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 3.4 Thermal enthalpy gain of
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 3.6 Heating element beneath
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 3.8 Chamber water heat balan
Page 79 and 80:
Table 3.1 Thermal resistance from h
Page 81 and 82:
3.3.1.2 Heat balance at the outer s
Page 83 and 84:
3.3.2 Heat flow from chamber water
Page 85 and 86:
through ADU which is a function of
Page 87 and 88:
It is assumed that the direct impac
Page 89 and 90:
Sc a a (3.47) Dwa Analogous to th
Page 91 and 92:
and keep them in gaseous status. On
Page 93 and 94:
through the walls and natural conve
Page 95 and 96:
Where d Ca is the specific humidity
Page 97 and 98:
TTa ( n1) is also considered as inl
Page 99 and 100:
R Torn 2 2 ATlor ( TTWn T )( TTWn
Page 101 and 102:
condensation severity but cannot ca
Page 103 and 104:
condensation has occurred at all or
Page 105 and 106:
The inlet is the air from HADT duri
Page 107 and 108:
3.9 Average temperature of inhaled
Page 109 and 110:
Table 4.1 Inputs to the fluid dynam
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 4.2 Simulink TM model for fl
Page 113 and 114:
Table 4.4 Outputs from the overall
Page 115 and 116:
Gain block after input 1 is to conv
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 4.7 Varying Transport Delay
Page 119 and 120:
4.2.5 Mask mixing calculation subsy
Page 121 and 122:
4.3 Computational model of thermal
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 4.11 Block diagram of CPAP t
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 4.13 Simulink TM model for t
Page 127 and 128:
The outputs are listed in Table 4.1
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 4.16 Dynamic chamber-air the
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 4.17 HADT lump thermal balan
Page 135 and 136:
Figure 4.18 Steady state HADT lump
Page 137 and 138:
Figure 4.19 HADT lump air dynamic f
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 4.21Steady state mask full t
Page 143 and 144:
4 Temperature of airflow from HADT
Page 145 and 146:
Average evaporation rate subsystem
Page 147 and 148:
HADT and connects those upstream se
Page 149 and 150:
The experiment was also carried out
Page 151 and 152:
air flowing through the elbow, a ce
Page 153 and 154:
expansion from the elbow to the mas
Page 155 and 156:
Figure 5.12 Environmental control r
Page 157 and 158:
Table 5.1 shows the combinations of
Page 159 and 160:
Figure 5.17 Comparison of model out
Page 161 and 162:
The comparison of experimental resu
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
5.3.1.4 Airflow temperature at the
Page 169 and 170:
flow rate had been even further inc
Page 171 and 172: Figure 5.31 Comparison of condensat
Page 173 and 174: Table 5.3 Comparison of condensatio
Page 175 and 176: 3. The corrugated grooves on the HA
Page 177 and 178: 5.3.2.1 Validation of evaporation r
Page 179 and 180: The experiment observation showed t
Page 181 and 182: Figure 6.1 Reverse flow under diffe
Page 183 and 184: It can also be seen in Figure 6.2 t
Page 185 and 186: within the same period. However, wh
Page 187 and 188: Figure 6.6 Comparison of evaporatio
Page 189 and 190: Figure 6.8 Airflow velocity in HADT
Page 191 and 192: Figure 6.11 Airflow velocity in HAD
Page 193 and 194: In Figure 6.14 the blue curve repre
Page 195 and 196: 6.3.3.1.2 Comparison when heating e
Page 197 and 198: This vaporization potentiality (coi
Page 199 and 200: Figure 6.20 In-tube condensation of
Page 201 and 202: When using different sized masks, t
Page 203 and 204: Figure 6.23 Average specific humidi
Page 205 and 206: The average specific humidity in an
Page 207 and 208: Table 6.5 Comparison of average spe
Page 209 and 210: 6. The deep breathing and reverse f
Page 211 and 212: Appendices Appendix I Regression of
Page 213 and 214: Appendix I. Regression of the press
Page 215 and 216: Figure I. 1 Tested results and the
Page 217 and 218: Appendix II. Regression of the pres
Page 219 and 220: Table III. 2 Airflow temperature an
Page 221: Appendix IV. The corrugated HADT ou
Page 225 and 226: Figure V. 1 Regression of saturated
Page 227 and 228: This ratio can be regressed against
Page 229 and 230: Appendix VII. Details of the CPAP f
Page 231 and 232: VII.4 The mask pressure subsystem F
Page 233 and 234: Inputs to this water-centred subsys
Page 235 and 236: Input port number Input Unit 1 Heat
Page 237 and 238: input 4 is the portion of impact ar
Page 239 and 240: VIII.2.3 Water surface mass transfe
Page 241 and 242: This subsystem also contains two su
Page 243 and 244: VIII.2.5 Chamber wall 1 heat transf
Page 245 and 246: Figure VIII. 13 Wall 1 outer surfac
Page 247 and 248: Wall 2 and 3 inner surface temperat
Page 249 and 250: Figure VIII. 17 Chamber wall 2 and
Page 251 and 252: Inputs to this subsystem are listed
Page 253 and 254: Appendix IX. Details of steady stat
Page 255 and 256: Figure IX. 3 The HADT lump wall out
Page 257 and 258: Appendix X. Details of HADT lump ai
Page 259 and 260: 2 Absolute value of airflow velocit
Page 261 and 262: Figure X. 5 HADT lump inlet absolut
Page 263 and 264: Figure XI. 2 Steady state mask mixi
Page 265 and 266: Figure XI. 4 Steady state mask wall
Page 267 and 268: Input port number Input Unit 1 Aver
Page 269 and 270: Appendix XII. Details of mask air d
Page 271 and 272: 4 Length of the triangular plate in
Page 273 and 274:
8 Length of the triangular plate in
Page 275 and 276:
Appendix XIII. Details of the auxil
Page 277 and 278:
XIII.3 Breath load average subsyste
Page 279 and 280:
Figure XIII. 7 Average evaporation
Page 281 and 282:
XIV.1.2 Under normal ambient temper
Page 283 and 284:
XIV.2.3 Under high ambient temperat
Page 285 and 286:
XIV.4 Airflow temperature at the en
Page 287 and 288:
XIV.5.2 Under normal ambient temper
Page 289 and 290:
XIV.6.3 Under high ambient temperat
Page 291 and 292:
Appendix XVI. Regression of kinetic
Page 293 and 294:
Figure XVII. 2 Condensation/evapora
Page 295 and 296:
Figure XVIII. 2 Condensation/evapor
Page 297 and 298:
at point C. Right after that, here
Page 299 and 300:
Appendix XIX. Coefficient and param
Page 301 and 302:
Average water thermal conductivity
Page 303 and 304:
Appendix XXI. Fluid dynamic and the
Page 305 and 306:
The lung simulator drives the air.
Page 307 and 308:
Appendix XXII. Model user instructi
Page 309 and 310:
The input blocks and their values a
Page 311 and 312:
Dynamically fluctuating air tempera
Page 313 and 314:
References [1] Good sleep advice. W
Page 315 and 316:
[28] Schettino GPP, Chatmongkolchar
Page 317:
[60] Marek R, Straub J. Analysis of
show all

View/Open

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?