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Ra To Rayleigh number on HADT outer surface R Thermal resistance K/W R Bwn R C1i RC1cyl R C1o RC1oC RC1oR RC 23i RC 2cyl R C3 R C 23 RC 23no RC 23R RC 23o R HS R Hpw R ws Chamber base-water interface thermal resistance K/W Natural convection thermal resistance on chamber wall 1 inner surface conductive resistance through the cylindrical wall 1 of the chamber xxx K/W K/W Total thermal resistance at the wall 1 outer surface K/W Convectional thermal resistance on wall 1 outer surface K/W Radiation thermal resistance on wall 1 outer surface K/W Mixed convection thermal resistance on wall 2 and 3 inner surface conductive resistance through the cylindrical wall 2 of the chamber K/W K/W conductive resistance through chamber wall 3 K/W conductive thermal resistance through chamber wall 2 and wall 3 natural convection thermal resistance on wall 2 and wall 3 outer surfaces radiation thermal resistance on wall 2 and wall 3 outer surfaces K/W K/W K/W Total thermal resistance on wall 2 and wall 3 outer surfaces K/W Resistance from ceramic to heating plate outer surface K/W Total thermal resistance from heating plate top to chamber water K/W Convection thermal resistance on water surface K/W
R Mic R Moc R Ticn R Toc R Torn Mask inner surface convectional thermal resistance K/W Convectional thermal resistance on the mask outer surface K/W Forced convectional thermal resistance at HADT lump inner surface xxxi K/W HADT lump outer surface natural convection resistance K/W HADT lump outer surface radiation thermal resistance K/W s Distance the air flows over m Sc a t l Schmidt number for air Varying transport delay for air flowing through an HADT lump T * Temperature °C or K T o T f T s T fl TDewPt T T w TADUa T C1 T C1i TC1o A specific standard temperature for diffusivity calculation (256 K) Film temperature °C Surface temperature °C Fluid temperature °C dew point °C Ambient temperature °C Chamber water temperature °C Air temperature increase after flowing through air delivery unit Chamber wall 1 temperature °C Chamber wall 1 inner surface temperature °C Chamber wall 1 outer surface temperature °C or K s °C
Page 1 and 2: The Effects of CPAP Tube Reverse Fl
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgement First of all, I wou
Page 5 and 6: When deep breathing induced reverse
Page 7 and 8: 2.4.1 Reverse flow calculation ....
Page 9 and 10: 5.3.1 Thermal dynamic model under s
Page 11 and 12: XI.3 Steady state mask thermal bala
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures Figure 1.1 Obstruct
Page 15 and 16: Figure 5.10 Comparison between expe
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6.13 Fluctuation of airflow
Page 19 and 20: Table 5.3 Comparison of condensatio
Page 21 and 22: Nomenclature Symbol Meaning of the
Page 23 and 24: CMFeO CMFet C O C t Concentration o
Page 25 and 26: m C 23 m Ca m cv m Cw m store m i m
Page 27 and 28: Nu Cp Nu dir Nu Ti Nu To Nuwsn Nuws
Page 29: QMor QMwst QTastn QTicn QTin Q
Page 33 and 34: V Capacity of the container m 3 V C
Page 35 and 36: 1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 37 and 38: The MRD is worn in user’s mouth w
Page 39 and 40: Figure 1.4 CPAP machine Figure 1.5
Page 41 and 42: 1.3 Literature survey A literature
Page 43 and 44: CPAP fluid dynamic performance with
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 Mathematical Modelling of
Page 47 and 48: 2.3 Fluid dynamic analysis This sec
Page 49 and 50: If there are minor pressure drops,
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.6 Pressure sensor - Honeyw
Page 53 and 54: The pressure readings were taken af
Page 55 and 56: Figure 2.12 Experimental set up for
Page 57 and 58: 2.3.4 Chamber air space mass balanc
Page 59 and 60: From the above analysis, the pressu
Page 61 and 62: Figure 2.18 Full face mask and the
Page 63 and 64: Inserting Eq. (2.26) and Eq. (2.27)
Page 65 and 66: Where n( ) t is the airflow proper
Page 67 and 68: However in reality, mixing turns ou
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 3 Mathematical Modelling of
Page 71 and 72: An Environment Control Chamber (Vö
Page 73 and 74: Figure 3.4 Thermal enthalpy gain of
Page 75 and 76: Figure 3.6 Heating element beneath
Page 77 and 78: Figure 3.8 Chamber water heat balan
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.1 Thermal resistance from h
Page 81 and 82:
3.3.1.2 Heat balance at the outer s
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3.3.2 Heat flow from chamber water
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through ADU which is a function of
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It is assumed that the direct impac
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Sc a a (3.47) Dwa Analogous to th
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and keep them in gaseous status. On
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through the walls and natural conve
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Where d Ca is the specific humidity
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TTa ( n1) is also considered as inl
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R Torn 2 2 ATlor ( TTWn T )( TTWn
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condensation severity but cannot ca
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condensation has occurred at all or
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The inlet is the air from HADT duri
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3.9 Average temperature of inhaled
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Table 4.1 Inputs to the fluid dynam
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Figure 4.2 Simulink TM model for fl
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Table 4.4 Outputs from the overall
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Gain block after input 1 is to conv
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Figure 4.7 Varying Transport Delay
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4.2.5 Mask mixing calculation subsy
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4.3 Computational model of thermal
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Figure 4.11 Block diagram of CPAP t
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Figure 4.13 Simulink TM model for t
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The outputs are listed in Table 4.1
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Page 131 and 132:
Figure 4.16 Dynamic chamber-air the
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Figure 4.17 HADT lump thermal balan
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Figure 4.18 Steady state HADT lump
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Figure 4.19 HADT lump air dynamic f
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Page 141 and 142:
Figure 4.21Steady state mask full t
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4 Temperature of airflow from HADT
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Average evaporation rate subsystem
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HADT and connects those upstream se
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The experiment was also carried out
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air flowing through the elbow, a ce
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expansion from the elbow to the mas
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Figure 5.12 Environmental control r
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Table 5.1 shows the combinations of
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Figure 5.17 Comparison of model out
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The comparison of experimental resu
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Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
5.3.1.4 Airflow temperature at the
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flow rate had been even further inc
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Figure 5.31 Comparison of condensat
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Table 5.3 Comparison of condensatio
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3. The corrugated grooves on the HA
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5.3.2.1 Validation of evaporation r
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The experiment observation showed t
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Figure 6.1 Reverse flow under diffe
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It can also be seen in Figure 6.2 t
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within the same period. However, wh
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Figure 6.6 Comparison of evaporatio
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Figure 6.8 Airflow velocity in HADT
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Figure 6.11 Airflow velocity in HAD
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In Figure 6.14 the blue curve repre
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6.3.3.1.2 Comparison when heating e
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This vaporization potentiality (coi
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Figure 6.20 In-tube condensation of
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When using different sized masks, t
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Figure 6.23 Average specific humidi
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The average specific humidity in an
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Table 6.5 Comparison of average spe
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6. The deep breathing and reverse f
Page 211 and 212:
Appendices Appendix I Regression of
Page 213 and 214:
Appendix I. Regression of the press
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Figure I. 1 Tested results and the
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Appendix II. Regression of the pres
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Table III. 2 Airflow temperature an
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Appendix IV. The corrugated HADT ou
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The total area of the complicated c
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Figure V. 1 Regression of saturated
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This ratio can be regressed against
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Appendix VII. Details of the CPAP f
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VII.4 The mask pressure subsystem F
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Inputs to this water-centred subsys
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Input port number Input Unit 1 Heat
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input 4 is the portion of impact ar
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VIII.2.3 Water surface mass transfe
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This subsystem also contains two su
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VIII.2.5 Chamber wall 1 heat transf
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Figure VIII. 13 Wall 1 outer surfac
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Wall 2 and 3 inner surface temperat
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Figure VIII. 17 Chamber wall 2 and
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Inputs to this subsystem are listed
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Appendix IX. Details of steady stat
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Figure IX. 3 The HADT lump wall out
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Appendix X. Details of HADT lump ai
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2 Absolute value of airflow velocit
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Figure X. 5 HADT lump inlet absolut
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Figure XI. 2 Steady state mask mixi
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Figure XI. 4 Steady state mask wall
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Input port number Input Unit 1 Aver
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Appendix XII. Details of mask air d
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4 Length of the triangular plate in
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8 Length of the triangular plate in
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Appendix XIII. Details of the auxil
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XIII.3 Breath load average subsyste
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Figure XIII. 7 Average evaporation
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XIV.1.2 Under normal ambient temper
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XIV.2.3 Under high ambient temperat
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XIV.4 Airflow temperature at the en
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XIV.5.2 Under normal ambient temper
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XIV.6.3 Under high ambient temperat
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Appendix XVI. Regression of kinetic
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Figure XVII. 2 Condensation/evapora
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Figure XVIII. 2 Condensation/evapor
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at point C. Right after that, here
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Appendix XIX. Coefficient and param
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Average water thermal conductivity
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Appendix XXI. Fluid dynamic and the
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The lung simulator drives the air.
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Appendix XXII. Model user instructi
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The input blocks and their values a
Page 311 and 312:
Dynamically fluctuating air tempera
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References [1] Good sleep advice. W
Page 315 and 316:
[28] Schettino GPP, Chatmongkolchar
Page 317:
[60] Marek R, Straub J. Analysis of
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