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XIV.4.3 Under high ambient temperature Pressure Setting 4cmH2O 12cmH2O 20cmH2O Ambient Conditions T 33.0 C RH 30.2% T 33.1 C RH 23.6% T 32.9 C RH 29.4% Heating Element Setting 252 T Ta30 (Exp.) T Ta30 (Model) (error) 45 C 40.2 C 44.00 C 9.45% 55 C 41.3 C 44.36 C 7.41% 65 C 41.9 C 44.80 C 6.92% 45 C 41.3 C 44.91 C 8.74% 55 C 42.6 C 45.44 C 6.67% 65 C 42.8 C 46.04 C 7.57% 45 C 42.5 C 45.48 C 7.01% 55 C 43.1 C 46.06 C 6.87% 65 C 44.3 C 46.74 C 5.51% XIV.5 Airflow temperature at the end of the HADT (when tube heating=30W) XIV.5.1 Under low ambient temperature Pressure Setting 4cmH2O 12cmH2O 20cmH2O Ambient Conditions T 14.2 C RH 71.7% T 14.4 C RH 70.3% T 14.4 C RH 70.7% Heating Element Setting T Ta30 (Exp.) T Ta30 (Model) (error) 45 C 29.2 C 31.62 C 8.29% 55 C 31.0 C 31.96 C 3.10% 65 C 31.2 C 32.36 C 3.72% 45 C 29.6 C 31.76 C 7.30% 55 C 31.8 C 32.26 C 1.45% 65 C 33.4 C 32.82 C -1.74% 45 C 30.2 C 31.96 C 5.83% 55 C 31.5 C 32.53 C 3.27% 65 C 32.6 C 33.18 C 1.78%
XIV.5.2 Under normal ambient temperature Pressure Setting 4cmH2O 12cmH2O 20cmH2O Ambient Conditions T 21.6 C RH 47.3% T 21.9 C RH 64.0% T 21.9 C RH 39.5% Heating Element Setting XIV.5.3 Under high ambient temperature Pressure Setting 4cmH2O 12cmH2O 20cmH2O Ambient Conditions T 33.0 C RH 30.2% T 33.1 C RH 23.6% T 32.9 C RH 29.4% XIV.6 Evaporation rate 253 T Ta30 (Exp.) T Ta30 (Model) (error) 45 C 38.0 C 39.11 C 2.92% 55 C 38.7 C 39.45 C 1.94% 65 C 39.5 C 39.85 C 0.89% 45 C 37.4 C 39.43 C 5.43% 55 C 38.2 C 39.92 C 4.50% 65 C 38.5 C 40.48 C 5.14% 45 C 36.6 C 39.69 C 8.44% 55 C 37.0 C 40.26 C 8.81% 65 C 37.7 C 40.91 C 8.51% Heating Element Setting T Ta30 (Exp.) T Ta30 (Model) (error) 45 C 47.0 C 50.65 C 7.77% 55 C 48.4 C 51.00 C 5.37% 65 C 48.5 C 51.41 C 6.00% 45 C 47.5 C 50.91 C 7.18% 55 C 48.0 C 51.40 C 7.08% 65 C 48.3 C 51.98 C 7.62% 45 C 46.6 C 51.03 C 9.51% 55 C 47.9 C 51.59 C 7.70% 65 C 48.4 C 52.24 C 7.93% The error of evaporation rate between experimental result and model output is defined m evModel m ev Exp as: 100% . It gives how much the model outputs are deviating m evExp from the experimental results.
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The Effects of CPAP Tube Reverse Fl
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Acknowledgement First of all, I wou
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When deep breathing induced reverse
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2.4.1 Reverse flow calculation ....
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5.3.1 Thermal dynamic model under s
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XI.3 Steady state mask thermal bala
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List of Figures Figure 1.1 Obstruct
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Figure 5.10 Comparison between expe
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Figure 6.13 Fluctuation of airflow
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Table 5.3 Comparison of condensatio
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Nomenclature Symbol Meaning of the
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CMFeO CMFet C O C t Concentration o
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m C 23 m Ca m cv m Cw m store m i m
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Nu Cp Nu dir Nu Ti Nu To Nuwsn Nuws
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QMor QMwst QTastn QTicn QTin Q
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R Mic R Moc R Ticn R Toc R Torn Mas
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V Capacity of the container m 3 V C
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1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
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The MRD is worn in user’s mouth w
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Figure 1.4 CPAP machine Figure 1.5
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1.3 Literature survey A literature
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CPAP fluid dynamic performance with
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Chapter 2 Mathematical Modelling of
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2.3 Fluid dynamic analysis This sec
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If there are minor pressure drops,
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Figure 2.6 Pressure sensor - Honeyw
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The pressure readings were taken af
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Figure 2.12 Experimental set up for
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2.3.4 Chamber air space mass balanc
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From the above analysis, the pressu
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Figure 2.18 Full face mask and the
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Inserting Eq. (2.26) and Eq. (2.27)
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Where n( ) t is the airflow proper
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However in reality, mixing turns ou
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Chapter 3 Mathematical Modelling of
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An Environment Control Chamber (Vö
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Figure 3.4 Thermal enthalpy gain of
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Figure 3.6 Heating element beneath
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Figure 3.8 Chamber water heat balan
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Table 3.1 Thermal resistance from h
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3.3.1.2 Heat balance at the outer s
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3.3.2 Heat flow from chamber water
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through ADU which is a function of
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It is assumed that the direct impac
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Sc a a (3.47) Dwa Analogous to th
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and keep them in gaseous status. On
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through the walls and natural conve
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Where d Ca is the specific humidity
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TTa ( n1) is also considered as inl
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R Torn 2 2 ATlor ( TTWn T )( TTWn
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condensation severity but cannot ca
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condensation has occurred at all or
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The inlet is the air from HADT duri
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3.9 Average temperature of inhaled
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Table 4.1 Inputs to the fluid dynam
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Figure 4.2 Simulink TM model for fl
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Table 4.4 Outputs from the overall
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Gain block after input 1 is to conv
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Figure 4.7 Varying Transport Delay
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4.2.5 Mask mixing calculation subsy
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4.3 Computational model of thermal
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Figure 4.11 Block diagram of CPAP t
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Figure 4.13 Simulink TM model for t
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The outputs are listed in Table 4.1
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Figure 4.16 Dynamic chamber-air the
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Figure 4.17 HADT lump thermal balan
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Figure 4.18 Steady state HADT lump
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Figure 4.19 HADT lump air dynamic f
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Figure 4.21Steady state mask full t
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4 Temperature of airflow from HADT
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Average evaporation rate subsystem
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HADT and connects those upstream se
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The experiment was also carried out
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air flowing through the elbow, a ce
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expansion from the elbow to the mas
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Figure 5.12 Environmental control r
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Table 5.1 shows the combinations of
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Figure 5.17 Comparison of model out
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The comparison of experimental resu
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5.3.1.4 Airflow temperature at the
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flow rate had been even further inc
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Figure 5.31 Comparison of condensat
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Table 5.3 Comparison of condensatio
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3. The corrugated grooves on the HA
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5.3.2.1 Validation of evaporation r
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The experiment observation showed t
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Figure 6.1 Reverse flow under diffe
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It can also be seen in Figure 6.2 t
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within the same period. However, wh
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Figure 6.6 Comparison of evaporatio
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Figure 6.8 Airflow velocity in HADT
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Figure 6.11 Airflow velocity in HAD
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In Figure 6.14 the blue curve repre
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6.3.3.1.2 Comparison when heating e
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This vaporization potentiality (coi
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Figure 6.20 In-tube condensation of
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When using different sized masks, t
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Figure 6.23 Average specific humidi
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The average specific humidity in an
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Table 6.5 Comparison of average spe
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6. The deep breathing and reverse f
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Appendices Appendix I Regression of
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Appendix I. Regression of the press
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Figure I. 1 Tested results and the
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Appendix II. Regression of the pres
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Table III. 2 Airflow temperature an
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Appendix IV. The corrugated HADT ou
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The total area of the complicated c
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Figure V. 1 Regression of saturated
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This ratio can be regressed against
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Appendix VII. Details of the CPAP f
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VII.4 The mask pressure subsystem F
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Inputs to this water-centred subsys
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Page 239 and 240: VIII.2.3 Water surface mass transfe
Page 241 and 242: This subsystem also contains two su
Page 243 and 244: VIII.2.5 Chamber wall 1 heat transf
Page 245 and 246: Figure VIII. 13 Wall 1 outer surfac
Page 247 and 248: Wall 2 and 3 inner surface temperat
Page 249 and 250: Figure VIII. 17 Chamber wall 2 and
Page 251 and 252: Inputs to this subsystem are listed
Page 253 and 254: Appendix IX. Details of steady stat
Page 255 and 256: Figure IX. 3 The HADT lump wall out
Page 257 and 258: Appendix X. Details of HADT lump ai
Page 259 and 260: 2 Absolute value of airflow velocit
Page 261 and 262: Figure X. 5 HADT lump inlet absolut
Page 263 and 264: Figure XI. 2 Steady state mask mixi
Page 265 and 266: Figure XI. 4 Steady state mask wall
Page 267 and 268: Input port number Input Unit 1 Aver
Page 269 and 270: Appendix XII. Details of mask air d
Page 271 and 272: 4 Length of the triangular plate in
Page 273 and 274: 8 Length of the triangular plate in
Page 275 and 276: Appendix XIII. Details of the auxil
Page 277 and 278: XIII.3 Breath load average subsyste
Page 279 and 280: Figure XIII. 7 Average evaporation
Page 281 and 282: XIV.1.2 Under normal ambient temper
Page 283 and 284: XIV.2.3 Under high ambient temperat
Page 285: XIV.4 Airflow temperature at the en
Page 289 and 290: XIV.6.3 Under high ambient temperat
Page 291 and 292: Appendix XVI. Regression of kinetic
Page 293 and 294: Figure XVII. 2 Condensation/evapora
Page 295 and 296: Figure XVIII. 2 Condensation/evapor
Page 297 and 298: at point C. Right after that, here
Page 299 and 300: Appendix XIX. Coefficient and param
Page 301 and 302: Average water thermal conductivity
Page 303 and 304: Appendix XXI. Fluid dynamic and the
Page 305 and 306: The lung simulator drives the air.
Page 307 and 308: Appendix XXII. Model user instructi
Page 309 and 310: The input blocks and their values a
Page 311 and 312: Dynamically fluctuating air tempera
Page 313 and 314: References [1] Good sleep advice. W
Page 315 and 316: [28] Schettino GPP, Chatmongkolchar
Page 317: [60] Marek R, Straub J. Analysis of
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