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The outputs are Display blocks. They are listed below: Table XXII. 6 Thermodynamic model output blocks Output Unit Steady state 278 Number of the display blocks Chamber water temperature °C 1 Steady state chamber air temperature °C 1 Steady state evaporation rate kg/s 1 Steady state chamber air specific humidity Steady state air temperature at HADT lump Decimal 1 °C 30 displays for each lump HADT lump wall temperature °C 30 displays for each lump Gap between lump wall temperature and airflow dew point* Condensation/evaporation rate at HADT lump °C 30 displays for each lump kg/s 30 displays for each lump Mask wall temperature °C 1 Steady state mask air temperature °C 1 * The condensation predicted by dew point is closer to the experimental observation.
References [1] Good sleep advice. Why is quality sleep so important? [cited 12 April 2007]; Available from: http://goodsleepadvice.com/3-whyquality.html [2] Sleep-Wake Disorders Center of South Florida Inc. SLEEP WAKE DISODERS. [cited 11 May 2007]; Available from: http://www.sleepwakesfl.com/frontpage.html [3] National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NINDS Sleep Apnea Information Page 2007 [cited 8 July 2007]; Available from: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sleep_apnea/sleep_apnea.htm#What_is [4] Lyle D.V. Obstructive Sleep Apnea. 1999 [cited 8 June 2008]; Available from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/991115ap/2279.html [5] American Academy of Family Physicians. Sleep apnea. [cited 21 April 2007]; Available from: http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/articles/212.html [6] Sleep Disorders Center: Sequoia Health Services, Redwood City California. Sleep Apnea. [cited 7 June 2008]; Available from: http://www.sleepscene.com/apnea.htm [7] American sleep apnea association. SLEEP APNEA INFORMATION. [cited 7 June 2008]; Available from: http://www.sleepapnea.org/info/index.html [8] Henry Ford Medical Group. Sleep apnea. August 2006 [cited 7 June 2008]; Available from: http://www.henryfordhealth.org/body.cfm?id=39639&action=articleDetail&AEProductI D=Adam2004_1&AEArticleID=000811&crawl=false [9] Dental organization for sleep apnea. Oral appliances. [cited 7 June 2008]; Available from: http://www.apneadocs.com/pages/Appliances.htm [10] 21st Century Dental. Sleep Apnea and Snoring [cited 7 June 2008]; Available from: http://www.21stcenturydental.com/smith/sleepapena_tapappliance.htm [11] Essig M. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea. 2007 [cited 8 June 2008]; Available from: http://www.ghc.org/kbase/topic.jhtml?docId=hw48958&secId=hw48960 [12] Essig M. Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty. 2007 [cited 8 June 2008]; Available from: http://www.ghc.org/kbase/topic.jhtml?docId=aa75802&secId=aa75802-sec [13] Sleep Apnea Surgery Center. surgical solution for adults - Nasal surgery. [cited 8 June 2008]; Available from: http://www.sleepapneasurgery.com/nasal_surgery.html [14] Woodson B.T. Surgical Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea. 2001 [cited 8 June 2008]; Available from: http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/994957808.html 279
Page 1 and 2:
The Effects of CPAP Tube Reverse Fl
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Acknowledgement First of all, I wou
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When deep breathing induced reverse
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2.4.1 Reverse flow calculation ....
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5.3.1 Thermal dynamic model under s
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XI.3 Steady state mask thermal bala
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List of Figures Figure 1.1 Obstruct
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Figure 5.10 Comparison between expe
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Figure 6.13 Fluctuation of airflow
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Table 5.3 Comparison of condensatio
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Nomenclature Symbol Meaning of the
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CMFeO CMFet C O C t Concentration o
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m C 23 m Ca m cv m Cw m store m i m
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Nu Cp Nu dir Nu Ti Nu To Nuwsn Nuws
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QMor QMwst QTastn QTicn QTin Q
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R Mic R Moc R Ticn R Toc R Torn Mas
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V Capacity of the container m 3 V C
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1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
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The MRD is worn in user’s mouth w
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Figure 1.4 CPAP machine Figure 1.5
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1.3 Literature survey A literature
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CPAP fluid dynamic performance with
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Chapter 2 Mathematical Modelling of
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2.3 Fluid dynamic analysis This sec
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If there are minor pressure drops,
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Figure 2.6 Pressure sensor - Honeyw
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The pressure readings were taken af
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Figure 2.12 Experimental set up for
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2.3.4 Chamber air space mass balanc
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From the above analysis, the pressu
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Figure 2.18 Full face mask and the
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Inserting Eq. (2.26) and Eq. (2.27)
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Where n( ) t is the airflow proper
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However in reality, mixing turns ou
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Chapter 3 Mathematical Modelling of
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An Environment Control Chamber (Vö
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Figure 3.4 Thermal enthalpy gain of
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Figure 3.6 Heating element beneath
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Figure 3.8 Chamber water heat balan
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Table 3.1 Thermal resistance from h
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3.3.1.2 Heat balance at the outer s
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3.3.2 Heat flow from chamber water
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through ADU which is a function of
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It is assumed that the direct impac
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Sc a a (3.47) Dwa Analogous to th
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and keep them in gaseous status. On
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through the walls and natural conve
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Where d Ca is the specific humidity
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TTa ( n1) is also considered as inl
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R Torn 2 2 ATlor ( TTWn T )( TTWn
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condensation severity but cannot ca
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condensation has occurred at all or
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The inlet is the air from HADT duri
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3.9 Average temperature of inhaled
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Table 4.1 Inputs to the fluid dynam
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Figure 4.2 Simulink TM model for fl
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Table 4.4 Outputs from the overall
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Gain block after input 1 is to conv
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Figure 4.7 Varying Transport Delay
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4.2.5 Mask mixing calculation subsy
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4.3 Computational model of thermal
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Figure 4.11 Block diagram of CPAP t
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Figure 4.13 Simulink TM model for t
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The outputs are listed in Table 4.1
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Figure 4.16 Dynamic chamber-air the
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Figure 4.17 HADT lump thermal balan
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Figure 4.18 Steady state HADT lump
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Figure 4.19 HADT lump air dynamic f
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Figure 4.21Steady state mask full t
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4 Temperature of airflow from HADT
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Average evaporation rate subsystem
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HADT and connects those upstream se
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The experiment was also carried out
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air flowing through the elbow, a ce
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expansion from the elbow to the mas
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Figure 5.12 Environmental control r
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Table 5.1 shows the combinations of
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Figure 5.17 Comparison of model out
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The comparison of experimental resu
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5.3.1.4 Airflow temperature at the
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flow rate had been even further inc
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Figure 5.31 Comparison of condensat
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Table 5.3 Comparison of condensatio
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3. The corrugated grooves on the HA
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5.3.2.1 Validation of evaporation r
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The experiment observation showed t
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Figure 6.1 Reverse flow under diffe
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It can also be seen in Figure 6.2 t
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within the same period. However, wh
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Figure 6.6 Comparison of evaporatio
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Figure 6.8 Airflow velocity in HADT
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Figure 6.11 Airflow velocity in HAD
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In Figure 6.14 the blue curve repre
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6.3.3.1.2 Comparison when heating e
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This vaporization potentiality (coi
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Figure 6.20 In-tube condensation of
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When using different sized masks, t
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Figure 6.23 Average specific humidi
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The average specific humidity in an
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Table 6.5 Comparison of average spe
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6. The deep breathing and reverse f
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Appendices Appendix I Regression of
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Appendix I. Regression of the press
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Figure I. 1 Tested results and the
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Appendix II. Regression of the pres
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Table III. 2 Airflow temperature an
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Appendix IV. The corrugated HADT ou
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The total area of the complicated c
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Figure V. 1 Regression of saturated
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This ratio can be regressed against
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Appendix VII. Details of the CPAP f
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VII.4 The mask pressure subsystem F
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Inputs to this water-centred subsys
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Input port number Input Unit 1 Heat
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input 4 is the portion of impact ar
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VIII.2.3 Water surface mass transfe
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This subsystem also contains two su
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VIII.2.5 Chamber wall 1 heat transf
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Figure VIII. 13 Wall 1 outer surfac
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Wall 2 and 3 inner surface temperat
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Figure VIII. 17 Chamber wall 2 and
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Inputs to this subsystem are listed
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Appendix IX. Details of steady stat
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Figure IX. 3 The HADT lump wall out
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Appendix X. Details of HADT lump ai
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2 Absolute value of airflow velocit
Page 261 and 262: Figure X. 5 HADT lump inlet absolut
Page 263 and 264: Figure XI. 2 Steady state mask mixi
Page 265 and 266: Figure XI. 4 Steady state mask wall
Page 267 and 268: Input port number Input Unit 1 Aver
Page 269 and 270: Appendix XII. Details of mask air d
Page 271 and 272: 4 Length of the triangular plate in
Page 273 and 274: 8 Length of the triangular plate in
Page 275 and 276: Appendix XIII. Details of the auxil
Page 277 and 278: XIII.3 Breath load average subsyste
Page 279 and 280: Figure XIII. 7 Average evaporation
Page 281 and 282: XIV.1.2 Under normal ambient temper
Page 283 and 284: XIV.2.3 Under high ambient temperat
Page 285 and 286: XIV.4 Airflow temperature at the en
Page 287 and 288: XIV.5.2 Under normal ambient temper
Page 289 and 290: XIV.6.3 Under high ambient temperat
Page 291 and 292: Appendix XVI. Regression of kinetic
Page 293 and 294: Figure XVII. 2 Condensation/evapora
Page 295 and 296: Figure XVIII. 2 Condensation/evapor
Page 297 and 298: at point C. Right after that, here
Page 299 and 300: Appendix XIX. Coefficient and param
Page 301 and 302: Average water thermal conductivity
Page 303 and 304: Appendix XXI. Fluid dynamic and the
Page 305 and 306: The lung simulator drives the air.
Page 307 and 308: Appendix XXII. Model user instructi
Page 309 and 310: The input blocks and their values a
Page 311: Dynamically fluctuating air tempera
Page 315 and 316: [28] Schettino GPP, Chatmongkolchar
Page 317: [60] Marek R, Straub J. Analysis of
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