THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EYE

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Quiz for Chapter 2 — Tools — Answers 1. List two important choices you should consider before buying a new camera, (page 36) A. fixed or interchangeable lens(es) B. manual or automatic exposure 2. What is an interchangeable lens? (page 36) One that can be removed from the camera body 3. What is a fixed lens? (page 36) One that cannot be removed 4. What is a "fixed focal-length" lens? (page 39) One in which the angle of view or "length" (the distance between the optical center and the film plane) cannot be adjusted. 5. What is a "zoom" lens? (page 39) One in which the length can be adjusted 6. What does "manual override" allow you to do? (page 37) Select a different exposure than recommended by the light meter 7. What does "grain" mean in photography? (page 37) The size of the "dots" which create a photographic image 8. What is the most important benefit of using a "UV" or "skylight" filter? (page 39) It protects the lens from being scratched
Quiz for Chapter 2 — Tools — Answers 9. What is a contact sheet? (page 40) A same-size print of all the frames on a single roll of film, used for evaluating the images and decidine which to enlarge 10. Describe a situation in which you might choose ISO 400 film instead of ISO 64 film? Any situation in which the light is low, the subject or photographer is in motion, or a "soft" or grainy effect is desired 11. What does "aperture" mean? (page 47) The size of the lens opening 12. Which aperture is larger: f'4.5 or f8? (page 47) (4.5 13. Define "depth of field." (page 47) The range of distances from the camera which will be in sharp focus at any one time 14. What aperture might you choose for shallow (or narrow) depth of field and what effect might you achieve with it? (page 47) Example: t'4.5 — To achieve the effect of a subject in focus with a blurred background. 15. List three conditions in which a fast shutter speed is useful, (page 36) A. subject is in motion B. shooting in low light C. using a long lens 16. Which lens most closely matches human vision: (page 39) 200mm 75mm 50mm 28mm 50mm 17. What happens if you change lenses while there is film in your camera? (page . You must figure out this one on your own — it depends on your camera.
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REVISED EDITION THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EY
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Student photograph by Gregory Conra
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Part 3 People, Places & Things: Exe
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part 1 Getting Started Student phot
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chapter 1 S urprisingly few new art
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light, producing a positive image o
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Mathew Brady, Magazine in Battery R
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Peter Henry Emerson, Gunner Working
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Alfred Stieglitz, The 'Flat Iron',
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chestra. His first photographic job
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1959 Development of first zoom lens
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Minor White, Moon and Wall Encrusta
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Fortunately, however, commercial ph
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1904-71 Margaret Bourke-White, Airs
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Variations Mixed in with these gene
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Student photograph. 34 The Photogra
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violin money can buy, but a blues s
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Each kind of lens has its own chara
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Additional Tools Once you've select
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whether the camera is in manual or
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motor-drives, see Appendix 4.) In t
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• Film-Advance Sprocket Just to t
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EXERCISE Testing the Shutter & Aper
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Is a plastic hose interesting? It i
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Attention to detail is the primary
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54 The Photographic Eye Weighting t
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still seem to be interestingly dist
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FOCAL POINT: Composition Tips As yo
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An unusual kind of balance is produ
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Two kinds of dynamics are at work i
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EXERCISE Mat Frame Turn to the back
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Student photograph by Jay Le Claire
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produced. Skill is the key ingredie
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Another "rule breaker"—this time
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Placing everything in sharp focus h
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focused. Use a focusing aid (see Ap
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EXERCISE Sample Crit Describe the d
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The value of this photograph is res
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How would you evaluate this photogr
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Used correctly, the "point of depar
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Student photograph by Linda Raymond
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There are three basic line effects
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How many basic line effects are in
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Notice the soft-focus lines behind
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EXERCISE Pattern Your assignment is
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Can you distinguish line from textu
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Student photograph by Man- McCoy. 9
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photograph, your attention may also
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EXERCISE Leaves Your next assignmen
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A series of similar curves, an inte
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In this high-contrast print, shape
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106 The Photographic Eye
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As with line and texture, a photogr
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EXERCISE Circles & Ovals Use at lea
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Student photograph by Bruce Cakebre
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Bright sunlight is best suited to c
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An unlighted subject against a ligh
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Low-light tends to be very somber,
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FOCAL POINT: Light Meters If your c
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couch. The average light in the sce
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promote rhythm. Alternating bands o
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long, or "wide," depth of field, th
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A skillfully handled blurred motion
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A fast shutter speed (or flash) wil
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Panning will at least slow down a m
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EXERCISE - Blurred Movement Assignm
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Converging lines and an appropriate
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For now, let's stick with the liter
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feet, making distant objects appear
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you'll have many focal lengths to c
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Student photograph by Russell Wells
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EXERCISE Point of View Assignment:
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part 3 People, Places & Things: Exe
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chapter 12 Things y now, you should
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1886-1958 Edward Weston, Pepper, 19
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Student photograph by Charles Stuar
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Student photograph by Han June Bae.
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Student photograph by William Roche
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Student photograph by Lynne Mattiel
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,- Student photograph by Lynne Matt
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EXERCISE Old Things Assignment: Pho
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chapter 13 Places s you progress fr
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1902-1984 Places 169
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Student photograph by Al Webb. Stud
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Student photograph by Mark Crew. St
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Student photograph by Gerald Allen
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The placement of the cat, combined
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EXERCISE Construction Sites Assignm
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chapter 14 People oving from photog
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is especially useful on location, i
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People 185
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EXERCISE Elders Assignment: Do a se
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Student photograph. Student photogr
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EXERCISE Side-Lit Portrait Assignme
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Student photograph by Michael Cothr
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EXERCISE Mood Portrait Assignment:
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chapter 15 Putting It All Together
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1908- During World War II he served
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Student photograph by Amy Walsh. Pu
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EXERCISE Rain Assignment: Do a seri
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Student photograph by Vinnie Rodzie
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Student photograph by Karen Demuth.
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chapter 16 Breaking the Rules hroug
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Diane Arbus, Identical Twins, 1966.
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Student photograph by John Dean. St
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Student photograph by Dave Hornback
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Student photograph by Lynne Mattiel
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As this photograph demonstrates, gr
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EXERCISE Photo-Copy Photos Assignme
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Variations: Shoot a sequence at dif
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In this example, an excerpt from a
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appendix 1 Processing PROCESSING FI
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perience. Start by loading your pra
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influences, such as incorrect expos
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The enlarge: can be raised or lower
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6. Place the negative file over the
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The easiest way to identify the emu
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that amount of time. Then cover the
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camera or are being careless during
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appendix 2 Color t's a good idea to
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Complicated Imagery The first thing
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of white mat board) or flash fill (
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TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS In additio
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more important consideration: cropp
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appendix 3 Manipulation & Presentat
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5. Use an 8" strip of masking tape
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7. Expose 2 more 2x3" sheets. 8. De
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just called opaque), a sticky red g
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Student photograph by Ray Shaw. 4.
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Retouching Even if you are extraord
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appendix 4 Advanced Techniques TOOL
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image area. Special effects filters
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amount of control over everyday lig
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and some black dots in the white ar
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Mat frame. Trace this frame, cut it
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The Museum of Modern Art (of New Yo
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Glossary Aperture Ring The ring on
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Index Adams, Ansel, 23, 152, 168, 1
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fixed lens, 36 fixer, 228-229, 231,
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ain (exercise), 203 range of light,
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Acknowledgments The authors wish to
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ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS The following is
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Copyright 1445 Da\ is Publications.
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Introduction TECHNIQUE vs. CREATIVE
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port 1 Teaching with The Photograph
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Similarly, a teacher who has darkro
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work of your students in a rotating
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Page 299 and 300: PREPARING THE CLASSROOM slide show
Page 301 and 302: A well-equipped (and carefully desi
Page 303 and 304: Film drying closet rows, creating a
Page 305 and 306: 2. One full array of developing tra
Page 307 and 308: part 2 Planning the Course Naturall
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Page 311 and 312: STUDENT PORTFOLIO Our recommended g
Page 313 and 314: RESEARCH PROJECTS You may want to m
Page 315 and 316: • the moral and ethical implicati
Page 317 and 318: TEXT PAGE p. 100, 101 p.l 10, 111 p
Page 319 and 320: RETEACHING OPTIONS AND PRODUCTIVE P
Page 321 and 322: far enough away from each other to
Page 323 and 324: Chemicals A student examines a newl
Page 325 and 326: Photo Processes to be Avoided in th
Page 327 and 328: WEEK? WEEKS WEEK 9 44 Topic: Light
Page 329 and 330: WEEK 3 46 Goal: Begin taking and pr
Page 331 and 332: WEEK 21 WEEK 22 WEEK 23 48 Topic: P
Page 333 and 334: ADDITIONAL SOURCES Films 50 Write t
Page 335 and 336: Books Davis, Phil. Photography. Dub
Page 337 and 338: 54 lines. A reasonable amount of le
Page 339 and 340: Photograph Evaluation Name Assignme
Page 341 and 342: Early Photography — Reading Works
Page 343 and 344: Early Photography — Reading Works
Page 345 and 346: Early Photography — Photography R
Page 347: Quiz for Chapter 2 — Tools 9. Wha
Page 351 and 352: Film Developing — Photography 8.
Page 353 and 354: 70 Contents Chapter 1: From Blurs t
Page 355 and 356: 72 Contents Chapter 12: Things Chap
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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EYE

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