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84 THE BRITISH ISLES. Topography. Cornwall, the extreme south-western county of England, terminates in tlie rocky promontories of Land's End and Lizard Point. The greater portion of its area is occupied by wild and barren moorlands, surmounted by bosses of granite Fiij. 45. — Pexzaxce. Scale 1 : 505,00(1. and intersected by valleys with boggy bottoms. Mining, quarrying, fishing, and the cultivation of early vegetables constitute the principal sources of wealth. Penzance is admirably seated upon the shore of a fine semicircular bay, bounded on the east by the bold serpentine rocks of Lizard Point, and on the west hy the heights which extend thence to the Land's End. It is the south-westernmost town
CORNWALL. 86 ia England, and is much frequented by visitors, who delight in its equable climate and luxuriant vegetation, and to whom bold cliflfs of granite or serpentine, quarries and mines, and magnificent cromlechs, stone circles, logans, &c. (see page 30), present objects of attraction. Penzance is the centre of an important mining, fishing, and agricultural district. Within a radius of 7 or 8 miles of it are situated some of the most celebrated " setts " in the county of Cornwall, including Botallack and its neighbour Wheal Owles, which hardly yields to it in reputation. The harbour is formed by a breakwater, and defended by batteries. The toii^Ti has smelting-houses, and works where serpentine is fashioned into cups and vases. It exports early vegetables and fish. Penzance was the birthplace of Sir Humphry Davy, to whom a monument has been erected, and is justly proud of the scientific collections accumulated by its geological, natural history, and antiquarian societies. Porthcurno, near Penzance, and other creeks in its vicinity, are the points of departure of three submarine cables, which connect England with the Spanish ports of Santander and Vigo, and the Portuguese village of Carcavellos, near Lisbon, whence the cable is carried on to Gibraltar and the Mediterranean. In addition to these a submarine cable connects Penzance with a lightship 50 miles to the south-west, which hails all passing ships and places them in communication with their owners in London. Madron and Ltulgran are ancient market towns, within a couple of miles of Penzance, but are exceeded in interest by the pretty village of Marazion, opposite the pyramidal 8t. Michael's Mount, with which it is connected by an ancient causeway, flooded eight hours out of every twelve. The Mount rises to a height of 95 feet, and is crowned by an ancient castle, partly in ruins, commanding a magnificent prospect. Selston, on the Looe, which enters the sea 9 miles to the north-east of Lizard Point, depends upon mines and agriculture for such prosperity as it enjoys. Rounding the promontory just named, and its quarries of serpentine, we reach the estuary of the Fal, and with it the important town of Falmouth, beautifully seated on the shore of a magnificent harbour, bounded in the south by the conical promontory surmounted by Pendennis Castle, and protected by a breakwater. Tha harbouv of Falmouth is one of the finest in England, capable of sheltering an entire fleet. The to^^^l itself is mean, but its environs abound in picturesque scenery. Penryn, on an inlet of Falmouth Harbour, is known for its granite quarries. St. Mnices, opposite Falmouth, boasts an ancient castle erected in the time of Henry VIII. Proceeding up the beautiful haven at the entrance of which lie Falmouth and St. Mawes, and which is known as Carrick Roads, we reach Truro, the finest town in Cornwall, and recently created an episcopal see. Truro has smelting-houses and paper-mills, and exports the ores obtained from the neighbouring mines. Like Penzance, it can boast of its museum and scientific institutions. It was the birthplace of Richard and John Lander, the African travellers. A cathedral of noble proportions is being raised. Rounding Dodman Head, we reach Mecagmey, one of the principal seats of the pilchard fishery, and farther north the small town of Charlesfown, which is the port of St. Austell, known for its china-clay diggings and potteries. Par, on the
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V >^ri,-. 5^^Xv%/-Stj* \: ^jf .A
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CONTENTS. I. General Features The B
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Diitish I
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U7. St. P.iuLs C'athf.dr.^l .... 1S
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i^5|SI«S' ^llrilillljlllil ! r- \
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2 THE BRITISH ISLES. by well-define
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4 THE BRITISH ISLES. In its general
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THE BEITISH ISLES. not without dang
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8 THE BEITISH ISLES. more minute su
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^'V
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10 THE BRITISH ISLE!?. affording ex
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12 THE BEITISH ISLES. chalk, this a
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14 THE BRITISH ISLES. Farther west
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16 THE BRITISH ISLE?. are to be pre
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IS THE BEITISn ISI.ES. In summer, w
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20 THE BRITISH ISLES winds are most
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22 THE BRITISH ISLES. The influence
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24 THE BEITISH ISLES. plants. The c
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26 THE BEITISH ISLES. stretclies. I
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28 THE BRITISH ISLES. songsters is
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30 THE BEITISH ISLES. habits. Of th
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32 THE BRITISH ISLES. southern port
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34 THE BRITISH ISLES. followed the
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36 TEE BEITISH ISLES. fluctuations
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38 THE BEITISH ISLES. tions?* Engli
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40 THE BPJTIsn KLES. thousand years
Page 66 and 67: 42 THE BEITISn ISLES. As men of com
Page 68 and 69: ii THE BRITISH ISLES. famous as cli
Page 70: CHArTER II. WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE
Page 73: M 1 k: 3
Page 76: 48 THE BEITISH ISLES. with"^e, and
Page 80 and 81: 50 THE BEITISH ISLES. 80 feet, are
Page 82 and 83: 52 THE BRITISH ISLES. surface featu
Page 84 and 85: 64 THE BRITISH ISLES. over the inha
Page 86 and 87: 56 THE BEITISH ISLES. education. Th
Page 88 and 89: 58 THE BEITISH ISLES. to extinction
Page 90 and 91: 60 THE BEIITSH ISLES. Mercia, in 79
Page 92: 62 THE BRITISH ISLES. the beautiful
Page 96 and 97: 64 THE BRITISH ISLES. Merionethshir
Page 98 and 99: 66 THE BEITISH ISLES. Noctown, high
Page 100 and 101: 68 THE BRITISH ISLES. Flemings, who
Page 102 and 103: 70 THE BRITISH ISLES. south, known
Page 104 and 105: 72 THE BEITISH ISLES. Wales contain
Page 106 and 107: 74 THE BEITISH ISLES. extent, but s
Page 108 and 109: 76 THE BRITISH ISLES. of the sea up
Page 110 and 111: 78 THE BEITISH ISLES. the cliffs, a
Page 112 and 113: 80 THE BRITISH ISLES. with it fogs,
Page 114 and 115: 82 THE BEITISH ISLES. plugged up, t
Page 118 and 119: 8fi THE BRITISH ISLES. northern sid
Page 120 and 121: 88 THE BRITISH ISLES. rolled into t
Page 122: 90 THE BEITISU ISLES. above tier ou
Page 126 and 127: 92 THE BRITISH I^^LES. at the foot
Page 128: 94 TUli BEITLSn ISLES. modern build
Page 132 and 133: CHAPTER IV. THE BASIN OF THE SEA-EE
Page 134 and 135: 98 THE BBinSH ISLES. the Severn and
Page 136: 100 THE BEITISH ISLES. suddenness i
Page 139 and 140: SHEOPSHIEB. 101 activity, for whils
Page 141 and 142: SHEOPSHIRE. 103 Most of the antiqui
Page 143 and 144: WOECESTEESHIEE—WAEWICKSHIRE. 105
Page 147 and 148: WAEWICKSHTRE. 107 impoverished, was
Page 149 and 150: WARWICKSHIRE. ion Birmingham, the l
Page 151 and 152: GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Ill Its sbape is t
Page 153 and 154: GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 113 Xew Inn, an ol
Page 155 and 156: GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 115 Bristol is one
Page 157 and 158: GLOUCESTEESHIEE—HEEEFOEDSHIEE. 11
Page 159 and 160: SOMEESETSHIEE. 119 A small portion
Page 161 and 162: SOMERSETSHIRE. 121 tte church of St
Page 163 and 164: THE CHANNEL SLOPE. where conflictin
Page 165 and 166: THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 125 is in realit
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 127 and clay, we
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THE CHAX>rEL SLOPE. 129 upon whose
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DORSETSHIRE. Ifjl communication by
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WILTSHIEE. 133 Salishury, the count
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^TLTSHIEE. 135 a seat of the Earl o
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HAMPSHIRE. 137 on the capacious bay
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^ J^" ^ «•.».. J^TT
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HAMPSHIEE. 139 ihe roadstead, are a
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SUSSEX. 141 the finest wheat and be
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SUSSEX. 143 way to tlie sea. A port
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SUSSEX. 145 Hastings, whose Scandin
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 147 Thames
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 149 regula
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 151 bouude
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OXPOEDSHIEE. 153 nei"-liboiiring co
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OXFORDSHIRE. 155 contain the univer
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BEEKBHIEE. 157 Thame, which was the
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BERKSHIEE. 159 than Eeadiug biscuit
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II t^^^ |fHl||!|l||H|l||J
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162 THE BEITISH ISLES. unequalled i
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164 THE BRITISH ISLES. Hitcliin and
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RYOFTHETHAMES
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166 TEE BRITISH ISLES. London has o
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168 THE BRITISH ISLES. case of a to
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170 the City and "Westminster becam
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172 THE BRITISH ISLES. in fertilisi
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m THE BETTISH ISLES. falls on Bagsl
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17G TIIK BRITISH ISLES. confusion ;
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178 THE BEITISH ISLES. quarters, al
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180 THE BRITISH ISLES. a desire of
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182 TIIE BRITISH ISLES. Of all the
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181 THE BRITISH ISLES. Chatham, Pit
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186 THE BRITISH ISLES. coldness, wh
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188 THE BRITISH ISLES. bridge acros
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190 THE BRITISH ISLES. irrespective
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192 THE BRITISH ISLES. with the gre
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194 THE BEITISH ISLES. fire-arms, m
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196 THE BRITISH ISLES. West India D
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198 THE BEITISH ISLES. drainao'e, t
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200 THE BRITISH ISLES. moorish trac
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202 THE BRITISH ISLES. those of Put
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204 THE BRITISH ISLES. up from Grav
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20fi THE BEITISH ISLES. gun-cotton
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208 " faults." THE BEITISH ISLES. "
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210 THE BRITISH ISLES. There are no
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CHAPTER VII. EAST ANGLIA. (Suffolk
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214 THE BRITISH ISLES. have now dec
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216 THE BEITISn ISLES. the town. Se
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218 TILE BETTISH ISLES. and mustard
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CHAPTER VIII. THE BASIN OF THE WASH
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222 THE BRITISH ISLES. residence of
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221 THE BEITISH ISLES. most of tlio
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22fi THE BRITISH ISLES. backs of th
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228 THE BEITISH ISLES. fen land. Th
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230 THE BRITISH ISLES much trade in
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232 THE BRITISH ISLES. dral, which
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234 THE BEITISn ISLES. north, and c
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236 THE BRITISH ISLES. The coast di
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! 288 THE BRITISH ISLES. the only t
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240 THE BRITISH ISLES. of Oiron, bu
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242 THE BRITISH ISLES. The best vie
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244 THE BRITISH ISLES. Wye, in a bl
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246 THE BRITISH ISLES. Netcark-iqMn
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248 THE BRITISH ISLES. pleasant wal
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250 THE BEITISH ISLES. dreariness.
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252 THE BRITISH ISLES. name, is pro
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TOEKSHIEE. 253 tion of iron vessels
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YOEKSHIEE. 255 prophetess of the si
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YORKSHIRE. 237 glass houses, chemic
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TOEKSHIEE. 259 critic. The battle o
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CHAPTER X. THE BASINS OF THE MERSEY
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CHESHIEB. 263 their city Beca, afte
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LANCASmKE. 265 which supplies a pro
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LANOASniEE. 267 The coast of Lancas
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LANCASHIRE. 269 in England ; the Ex
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LANCASHTEK. 271 down, between Rinic
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LAXCASHXRE. 273 extend for 5 miles
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LAJSrCASHIEE. 275 have been raised
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LANCASHIRE. 277 of some note, whils
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CHAPTER XI. THE XORTH OF EXGLAXD, T
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THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 281 The torre
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THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 283 accounts
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WESTMOEELAND. 285 drain an importan
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CUMBERLAND. 287 "Waver, is remarkab
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DUEHAM. 289 of lead pencils. The Bo
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DUEHAM. 291 The only place of note
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NORTHUMBERLAND. 293 The mouth of th
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NOETHUMBEELAND. 295 boundary, it is
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NORTHUMBERLAND. 297 mass of columna
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CHAPTER XII. THE ISLE OF MAN. HE Is
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THE ISLE OF MAN. 301 inhabitants is
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SOUTHEKX SC'OTLAXD. 303 which it en
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 3O5 wliicli term
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SOUTHEEN SCOTLAND. 307 of Lucerne i
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 309 geological f
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 311 Under the fi
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DUiEFRZES-KIRKCUDBRIGHT. 313 Topogr
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BUTE-LANAEKSniEE. 815 is spanned by
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LANARKSHIRE. 817 the principal quar
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EENFEEWSniEE. 319 otter engineers t
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DUMBABTONSHIEE. 821 rock encloses r
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BERWICKSHIEE. 323 is known as Tevio
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Rugl-BTOi try El-tni-a Tan
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HADDINGTON—EDINBURGH. 325 Hadding
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EDINBUEGH. 827 Science and Art, mod
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STIELINGSHIEE—CLACKMANNAN. 329 St
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FIFE. 8S1 of water, Locli Leven, on
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j engineers CHAPTER XIV. NORTHERN S
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NORTHERN SCOTLAND. 835 marine range
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I ^ or j streams I XOETHEEX SCOTLAX
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NORTHEEN SCOTLAND. 339 ward—a pro
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XOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 311 Along many p
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NOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 843 If we Includ
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NOETHEEX SCOTLAND. 345 \isited Scot
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ISLE OF SKYE-THE EILT EOCK.
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318 THE BEITISU ISLES. Head, on the
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850 THE BPJTISH ISLES. five die in
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352 THE BRITISH ISLES. find ourselv
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354 TUB BRITISH ISLES. whicli surro
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350 THE BRITISH ISLES. the use of S
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358 THE BEITISH ISLES. inhabitants
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360 THE BEITISH ISLES. The soldiers
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302 THE BElTISn ISLES. the heat and
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864 THE BRITISH ISLES. The river Ea
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8GG THE BEITISH ISLES, Broughty Fer
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3G8 THE BEITISH LSLES. which traver
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370 THE BRITISH ISLES. hamlet of Ca
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372 THE BRITISH ISLES. summit of Me
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374 THE BRITISH ISLES. Fortrose, wi
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37G THE BRITISH ISLES. Caithness fo
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AEGYLLSniEE. 377 Earl of Caithness)
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IRELAND. 879 More than once the for
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lUELANT). 381 The most elevated mou
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lEELAXD. 383 does the valley of the
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lEELAND. 385 rust which covers it.
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lEELAND. 887 for many geological ag
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IRELAND. 389 enlarging their area,
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IRELAND. 391 and Slieve Nakilla on
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ICELAND. 393 ttose numerous indenta
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IEEL.VXD. 395 tionally wet years it
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TYPICAL IKISH.
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898 THE BPJTISn ISLES. lumdred year
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400 THE BEITISn ISLES. was 5,293 sq
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402 THE BEITISH ISLES. monuments of
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•104 TRE BEITISH ISLES. schools w
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406 THE BEITISn ISLES. to ancient r
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408 TUE BEITISn ISLES. the wages wl
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410 THE BRITISH ISLES. Act of 1870
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BAY
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412 THE BEITISH ISLES. legitimate k
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414 TTIE CEITISn ISLES. and boundin
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41G THE BEITISn ISLES. county town,
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418 TliK UKlTISn SLES. Ulster.—Ul
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420 TllE BEITISH ISLES. seated at i
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422 THE UKITIsn ISLES. spanned by a
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424 THE BEITISH ISLES. century. Emy
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420 THE BRITISn ISLES. themselves i
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428 open Atlantic. THE BEITISH ISLE
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430 THE BEITISH ISLEi valley of the
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MUNSTEE. 431 Bantnj, at the head of
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MUNSTEE. 433 is a place of some ind
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MUNSTER. 435 British Islands by an
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STATISTICS OF THE UXITED EINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS or THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE LtNT:TED EIXGDOM.
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STATISTICS or THE UN-ITED KINGDOM.
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EIXGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE LTSTITED KINGDOM.
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINODOAT.
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOil.
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CHAPTER XYII. GOVERKMENT AND ADMINI
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GOVEENMENT AND APMINISTEATION. 477
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GOYEEXMEXT AND ADMIXISTRATIOX. 479
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GOVEENMENT AND ADMINISTEATION. 481
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GOYEEXMENT AND ADMIXISTEATIOX. 483
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GOVEEXMENT AND ADMINISTRATION. 485
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All towns of 2,500 inhabitants t Be
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NOETHAMPTOS NOKTHCMBER- LAXD . . Ar
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Worcester . Y0RK
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APPENDIX. 493
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APPENDIX. 495 Agricultueal Statisti
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APPENDIX. 497 Imports of Merchandis
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APPENDIX. 490 Imports and Exports a
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£02 APPENDIX. "\T:I.—STATISTICAL
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Abberley Hills, 104 Abbeyleix, 416
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.romvaril, 118 Broom, Loch, 342, 37
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Dunglow, 424 Dunham Massey, 265 Dun
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Kiiims. 337 Kainrsbiirgh. 315 Kaiit
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Muuh Wenluck, 103 Muich Dhui, Bun,
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SUvermine Mcimtains, 382 Sittingbou
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kliSi^W*!"**^'! IK*
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