The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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320 THE BRITISH ISLES. DuiMBARTONSHiRE includes a lowland tract along the north bank of the Clyde, and a Highland region shut in between Loch Long and Loch Lomond, which rises in Ben Vorlich, near the head of the lake, to a height of 3,091 feet. Descending the Clyde below Glasgow, we pass Dunglass Point, where the Roman wall terminated, and which is surmounted by the ruins of a castle, and an obelisk erected in memory of Henry Bell, the introducer of steam navigation. A few Fig. 156. -Greenock anb Helensburgh. Scale 1 : 100.000. miles below, at the mouth of the Leven, is the two-peaked basaltic rock of the famous city of Bmnharton, the ancient capital of the kingdom of Strathclyde. Dumbarton, owing to its commanding position, has ever played an important part in military history. The Cumbrians called it Al-Cluyd, whilst the Scotch gave it the name of Dun-Breton, and that name, slightly modified, it has retained to the present day. It is the Bulclutha of Ossian's poems. The castle which crowns tin
DUMBABTONSHIEE. 821 rock encloses remains of mediaeval structures, and even a few bits of Roman masonry. In accordance with the treaty of union between England and Scotland, this ancient residence of Robert the Bruce, Mary Stuart, Charles I., and Cromwell is to be maintained for ever as a place of defence. Dumbarton engages extensively in the con- struction of iron ships, besides which it is a great resort of tourists bent upon a visit to the beautiful scenery of Loch Lomond. The Leven, which drains that lake, flows past BaUocli, Alexandria, Bonhill, and Renton, all of which en- gage in cotton bleaching and dyeing, or have print works. Lms, a village on the western shore of Loch Lomond, has slate quarries, and the fishing village of Arrochar, farther north, marks the present southern limit of Gaelic. Cardross, below Dumbar- ton, is noteworthy as the place where Robert Bruce died. Almost immediately after- wards we reach Helensburgh, a flourishing watering-place near the mouth of Gare Loch, only founded in 1777, opposite to which rises the wooded emi- nence of Roseneath, with a mansion of the Duke of Argyll. KirhiniiUoch is the principal place in a detached portion , 'of the county, which adjoins I Lanarkshire in the north. CoUieries are in its neighbour- hood. Fig 157. — Dumbarton. Scale 1 : 25,000. ^te^^iJ_55 The basin of the Tweed, though far more extensive than that of the Clyde, and not without tracts of fertile land, is nevertheless but sparsely peopled ; most of jits towns are mere villages, and only two amongst them have over 10,000 inhabitants.
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CONTENTS. I. General Features The B
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Diitish I
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U7. St. P.iuLs C'athf.dr.^l .... 1S
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i^5|SI«S' ^llrilillljlllil ! r- \
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2 THE BRITISH ISLES. by well-define
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4 THE BRITISH ISLES. In its general
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THE BEITISH ISLES. not without dang
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8 THE BEITISH ISLES. more minute su
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^'V
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10 THE BRITISH ISLE!?. affording ex
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12 THE BEITISH ISLES. chalk, this a
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14 THE BRITISH ISLES. Farther west
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16 THE BRITISH ISLE?. are to be pre
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IS THE BEITISn ISI.ES. In summer, w
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20 THE BRITISH ISLES winds are most
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22 THE BRITISH ISLES. The influence
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24 THE BEITISH ISLES. plants. The c
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26 THE BEITISH ISLES. stretclies. I
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28 THE BRITISH ISLES. songsters is
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30 THE BEITISH ISLES. habits. Of th
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32 THE BRITISH ISLES. southern port
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34 THE BRITISH ISLES. followed the
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36 TEE BEITISH ISLES. fluctuations
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38 THE BEITISH ISLES. tions?* Engli
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40 THE BPJTIsn KLES. thousand years
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42 THE BEITISn ISLES. As men of com
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ii THE BRITISH ISLES. famous as cli
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CHArTER II. WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE
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M 1 k: 3
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48 THE BEITISH ISLES. with"^e, and
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50 THE BEITISH ISLES. 80 feet, are
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52 THE BRITISH ISLES. surface featu
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64 THE BRITISH ISLES. over the inha
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56 THE BEITISH ISLES. education. Th
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58 THE BEITISH ISLES. to extinction
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60 THE BEIITSH ISLES. Mercia, in 79
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62 THE BRITISH ISLES. the beautiful
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64 THE BRITISH ISLES. Merionethshir
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66 THE BEITISH ISLES. Noctown, high
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68 THE BRITISH ISLES. Flemings, who
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70 THE BRITISH ISLES. south, known
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72 THE BEITISH ISLES. Wales contain
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74 THE BEITISH ISLES. extent, but s
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76 THE BRITISH ISLES. of the sea up
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78 THE BEITISH ISLES. the cliffs, a
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80 THE BRITISH ISLES. with it fogs,
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82 THE BEITISH ISLES. plugged up, t
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84 THE BRITISH ISLES. Topography. C
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8fi THE BRITISH ISLES. northern sid
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88 THE BRITISH ISLES. rolled into t
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90 THE BEITISU ISLES. above tier ou
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92 THE BRITISH I^^LES. at the foot
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94 TUli BEITLSn ISLES. modern build
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CHAPTER IV. THE BASIN OF THE SEA-EE
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98 THE BBinSH ISLES. the Severn and
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100 THE BEITISH ISLES. suddenness i
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SHEOPSHIEB. 101 activity, for whils
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SHEOPSHIRE. 103 Most of the antiqui
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WOECESTEESHIEE—WAEWICKSHIRE. 105
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WAEWICKSHTRE. 107 impoverished, was
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WARWICKSHIRE. ion Birmingham, the l
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Ill Its sbape is t
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 113 Xew Inn, an ol
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 115 Bristol is one
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GLOUCESTEESHIEE—HEEEFOEDSHIEE. 11
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SOMEESETSHIEE. 119 A small portion
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SOMERSETSHIRE. 121 tte church of St
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. where conflictin
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 125 is in realit
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 127 and clay, we
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THE CHAX>rEL SLOPE. 129 upon whose
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DORSETSHIRE. Ifjl communication by
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WILTSHIEE. 133 Salishury, the count
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^TLTSHIEE. 135 a seat of the Earl o
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HAMPSHIRE. 137 on the capacious bay
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^ J^" ^ «•.».. J^TT
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HAMPSHIEE. 139 ihe roadstead, are a
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SUSSEX. 141 the finest wheat and be
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SUSSEX. 143 way to tlie sea. A port
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SUSSEX. 145 Hastings, whose Scandin
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 147 Thames
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 149 regula
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 151 bouude
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OXPOEDSHIEE. 153 nei"-liboiiring co
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OXFORDSHIRE. 155 contain the univer
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BEEKBHIEE. 157 Thame, which was the
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BERKSHIEE. 159 than Eeadiug biscuit
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II t^^^ |fHl||!|l||H|l||J
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162 THE BEITISH ISLES. unequalled i
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164 THE BRITISH ISLES. Hitcliin and
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RYOFTHETHAMES
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166 TEE BRITISH ISLES. London has o
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168 THE BRITISH ISLES. case of a to
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170 the City and "Westminster becam
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172 THE BRITISH ISLES. in fertilisi
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m THE BETTISH ISLES. falls on Bagsl
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17G TIIK BRITISH ISLES. confusion ;
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178 THE BEITISH ISLES. quarters, al
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180 THE BRITISH ISLES. a desire of
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182 TIIE BRITISH ISLES. Of all the
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181 THE BRITISH ISLES. Chatham, Pit
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186 THE BRITISH ISLES. coldness, wh
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188 THE BRITISH ISLES. bridge acros
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190 THE BRITISH ISLES. irrespective
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192 THE BRITISH ISLES. with the gre
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194 THE BEITISH ISLES. fire-arms, m
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196 THE BRITISH ISLES. West India D
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198 THE BEITISH ISLES. drainao'e, t
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200 THE BRITISH ISLES. moorish trac
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202 THE BRITISH ISLES. those of Put
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204 THE BRITISH ISLES. up from Grav
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20fi THE BEITISH ISLES. gun-cotton
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208 " faults." THE BEITISH ISLES. "
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210 THE BRITISH ISLES. There are no
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CHAPTER VII. EAST ANGLIA. (Suffolk
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214 THE BRITISH ISLES. have now dec
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216 THE BEITISn ISLES. the town. Se
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218 TILE BETTISH ISLES. and mustard
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CHAPTER VIII. THE BASIN OF THE WASH
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222 THE BRITISH ISLES. residence of
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221 THE BEITISH ISLES. most of tlio
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22fi THE BRITISH ISLES. backs of th
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228 THE BEITISH ISLES. fen land. Th
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230 THE BRITISH ISLES much trade in
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232 THE BRITISH ISLES. dral, which
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234 THE BEITISn ISLES. north, and c
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236 THE BRITISH ISLES. The coast di
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! 288 THE BRITISH ISLES. the only t
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240 THE BRITISH ISLES. of Oiron, bu
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242 THE BRITISH ISLES. The best vie
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244 THE BRITISH ISLES. Wye, in a bl
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246 THE BRITISH ISLES. Netcark-iqMn
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248 THE BRITISH ISLES. pleasant wal
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250 THE BEITISH ISLES. dreariness.
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252 THE BRITISH ISLES. name, is pro
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TOEKSHIEE. 253 tion of iron vessels
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YOEKSHIEE. 255 prophetess of the si
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YORKSHIRE. 237 glass houses, chemic
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TOEKSHIEE. 259 critic. The battle o
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CHAPTER X. THE BASINS OF THE MERSEY
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CHESHIEB. 263 their city Beca, afte
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LANCASmKE. 265 which supplies a pro
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LANOASniEE. 267 The coast of Lancas
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LANCASHIRE. 269 in England ; the Ex
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LANCASHTEK. 271 down, between Rinic
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LAXCASHXRE. 273 extend for 5 miles
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LAJSrCASHIEE. 275 have been raised
Page 345 and 346: LANCASHIRE. 277 of some note, whils
Page 347 and 348: CHAPTER XI. THE XORTH OF EXGLAXD, T
Page 349 and 350: THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 281 The torre
Page 351 and 352: THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 283 accounts
Page 353 and 354: WESTMOEELAND. 285 drain an importan
Page 355 and 356: CUMBERLAND. 287 "Waver, is remarkab
Page 359 and 360: DUEHAM. 289 of lead pencils. The Bo
Page 363 and 364: DUEHAM. 291 The only place of note
Page 365 and 366: NORTHUMBERLAND. 293 The mouth of th
Page 367 and 368: NOETHUMBEELAND. 295 boundary, it is
Page 369 and 370: NORTHUMBERLAND. 297 mass of columna
Page 371 and 372: CHAPTER XII. THE ISLE OF MAN. HE Is
Page 373 and 374: THE ISLE OF MAN. 301 inhabitants is
Page 375 and 376: SOUTHEKX SC'OTLAXD. 303 which it en
Page 377 and 378: SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 3O5 wliicli term
Page 381 and 382: SOUTHEEN SCOTLAND. 307 of Lucerne i
Page 383 and 384: SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 309 geological f
Page 385 and 386: SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 311 Under the fi
Page 387 and 388: DUiEFRZES-KIRKCUDBRIGHT. 313 Topogr
Page 389 and 390: BUTE-LANAEKSniEE. 815 is spanned by
Page 391 and 392: LANARKSHIRE. 817 the principal quar
Page 395: EENFEEWSniEE. 319 otter engineers t
Page 399 and 400: BERWICKSHIEE. 323 is known as Tevio
Page 402 and 403: Rugl-BTOi try El-tni-a Tan
Page 405 and 406: HADDINGTON—EDINBURGH. 325 Hadding
Page 411 and 412: EDINBUEGH. 827 Science and Art, mod
Page 413 and 414: STIELINGSHIEE—CLACKMANNAN. 329 St
Page 415 and 416: FIFE. 8S1 of water, Locli Leven, on
Page 419 and 420: j engineers CHAPTER XIV. NORTHERN S
Page 421 and 422: NORTHERN SCOTLAND. 835 marine range
Page 423 and 424: I ^ or j streams I XOETHEEX SCOTLAX
Page 425 and 426: NORTHEEN SCOTLAND. 339 ward—a pro
Page 427 and 428: XOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 311 Along many p
Page 429 and 430: NOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 843 If we Includ
Page 431 and 432: NOETHEEX SCOTLAND. 345 \isited Scot
Page 436 and 437: ISLE OF SKYE-THE EILT EOCK.
Page 438 and 439: 318 THE BEITISU ISLES. Head, on the
Page 440 and 441: 850 THE BPJTISH ISLES. five die in
Page 442: 352 THE BRITISH ISLES. find ourselv
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354 TUB BRITISH ISLES. whicli surro
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350 THE BRITISH ISLES. the use of S
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358 THE BEITISH ISLES. inhabitants
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360 THE BEITISH ISLES. The soldiers
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302 THE BElTISn ISLES. the heat and
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864 THE BRITISH ISLES. The river Ea
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8GG THE BEITISH ISLES, Broughty Fer
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3G8 THE BEITISH LSLES. which traver
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370 THE BRITISH ISLES. hamlet of Ca
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372 THE BRITISH ISLES. summit of Me
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374 THE BRITISH ISLES. Fortrose, wi
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37G THE BRITISH ISLES. Caithness fo
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AEGYLLSniEE. 377 Earl of Caithness)
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IRELAND. 879 More than once the for
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lUELANT). 381 The most elevated mou
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lEELAXD. 383 does the valley of the
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lEELAND. 385 rust which covers it.
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lEELAND. 887 for many geological ag
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IRELAND. 389 enlarging their area,
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IRELAND. 391 and Slieve Nakilla on
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ICELAND. 393 ttose numerous indenta
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IEEL.VXD. 395 tionally wet years it
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TYPICAL IKISH.
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898 THE BPJTISn ISLES. lumdred year
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400 THE BEITISn ISLES. was 5,293 sq
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402 THE BEITISH ISLES. monuments of
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•104 TRE BEITISH ISLES. schools w
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406 THE BEITISn ISLES. to ancient r
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408 TUE BEITISn ISLES. the wages wl
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410 THE BRITISH ISLES. Act of 1870
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BAY
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412 THE BEITISH ISLES. legitimate k
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414 TTIE CEITISn ISLES. and boundin
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41G THE BEITISn ISLES. county town,
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418 TliK UKlTISn SLES. Ulster.—Ul
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420 TllE BEITISH ISLES. seated at i
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422 THE UKITIsn ISLES. spanned by a
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424 THE BEITISH ISLES. century. Emy
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420 THE BRITISn ISLES. themselves i
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428 open Atlantic. THE BEITISH ISLE
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430 THE BEITISH ISLEi valley of the
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MUNSTEE. 431 Bantnj, at the head of
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MUNSTEE. 433 is a place of some ind
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MUNSTER. 435 British Islands by an
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STATISTICS OF THE UXITED EINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS or THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE LtNT:TED EIXGDOM.
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STATISTICS or THE UN-ITED KINGDOM.
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EIXGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE LTSTITED KINGDOM.
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINODOAT.
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOil.
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CHAPTER XYII. GOVERKMENT AND ADMINI
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GOVEENMENT AND APMINISTEATION. 477
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GOYEEXMEXT AND ADMIXISTRATIOX. 479
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GOVEENMENT AND ADMINISTEATION. 481
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GOYEEXMENT AND ADMIXISTEATIOX. 483
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GOVEEXMENT AND ADMINISTRATION. 485
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All towns of 2,500 inhabitants t Be
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NOETHAMPTOS NOKTHCMBER- LAXD . . Ar
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Worcester . Y0RK
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APPENDIX. 493
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APPENDIX. 495 Agricultueal Statisti
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APPENDIX. 497 Imports of Merchandis
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APPENDIX. 490 Imports and Exports a
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£02 APPENDIX. "\T:I.—STATISTICAL
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Abberley Hills, 104 Abbeyleix, 416
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.romvaril, 118 Broom, Loch, 342, 37
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Dunglow, 424 Dunham Massey, 265 Dun
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Kiiims. 337 Kainrsbiirgh. 315 Kaiit
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Muuh Wenluck, 103 Muich Dhui, Bun,
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SUvermine Mcimtains, 382 Sittingbou
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kliSi^W*!"**^'! IK*
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