The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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312 THE BRITISH ISLES. many of the trains and steinners cease running, and silence reigns throughout the land. There are even landed proprietors who taboo their hills on that day, StauiiÛ a/^^ SaJMm irdnacroj-. , 71 / i3 jSatgdUadi- Jjj Fig. 153.—The Firth of Clyde. From an Admiralty Chart. Scale 1 : 474,000. 11 13 s"P'Huâ~. 6i La^pp^hK T48 S4 ^ * ja, -" > WiLcf*i»>.i,'^«jLiKatlT. —
DUiEFRZES-KIRKCUDBRIGHT. 313 Topography. Dumfries is formed of the dales of the Zvîth, Annan, and Esk, which fall into the upper portion of Solway Firth, and is shut in by high naked hills on the land side, which afford excellent pasturage. Tracts of marshy ground occur near the shores of the Solway Firth, including the Solway and the Locher Mosses, but these have been drained and brought under cultivation. The first viUage we arrive at, on crossing the boundary river Esk, is Grcfiia Green, famed for its irregular Scotch marriages. Langholm, with a monument to Sir John Malcolm, is the principal village of Eskdale. Annan, a smaU seaport, lies at the mouth of charming Annandale. It carries on a modest coasting trade and a little cotton-spinning. Ascending the dale, we pass Lockirhie, noted for its sheep fair, and finally reach the picturesque village of Moffat, lying at the foot of Hart Fell (2,651 feet), and no less noted for its wUd surroundings than for its sulphurous waters. Crossing from Annandale into Xithsdale, we pass the viUage of Lochmalen, on the side of a small lake, and the remains of one of the castles of Eobert the Bruce—according to some, his birthplace. Dumfries, 8 miles above the mouth of the JTith, but accessible with the tide to vessels of 150 tons burden, is the most important town of South-western Scotland, and one of its most ancient ; it engages in the woollen and hosiery trades. Robert Burns died here, and a monument has been erected over his grave in the old churchyard of St. Michael's. Below the town are the ruins of Caerlaverock Castle, at one time a place of great strength, and on the other side of the river, at the foot of the Criflfel (1,867 feet), the beautiful remains of New or Sweetheart Abbey. Nithsdale is noted for its picturesque scenery. Most striking amongst its mansions is Drumlanrig Castle, a seat of the Duke of Buccleuch. Quite at the head of the dale, amidst the Louther Hills, are the lead mines of WanlocMead. KiRKcrDBRiGHT, formed out of the eastern portion of the old district of Galloway, lies between the rivers Nith and Cree, and is traversed in its centre by the Dee, of which the Ken is a tributary, and by the much smaller TTrr "Water. Wild moorlands occupy nearly the whole of it, and its population is incon- siderable. Kirhcudhright, the county town, on the estuary of the Dee, is merely a village, with a small coasting trade. At Dundrennan Castle, 6 miles to the south-east, Queen Mary spent the night after the fatal defeat of her troops at Langside. Castle Douglas is a neat town in the valley of the Dee. Higher up the Dee expands into two lakes. Lochs Dee and Ken, at the head of which is Neic Galloiraij. Gatehouse of Fleet and Creetoicn, the latter with granite quarries, are small ports on Wigtown Bay, to the west of the Dee ; whilst Dalbeattie, with its granite quarries, and Kirkpafrick-Durham are the most notable villages on Urr Water.
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V >^ri,-. 5^^Xv%/-Stj* \: ^jf .A
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^\-.
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CONTENTS. I. General Features The B
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Diitish I
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U7. St. P.iuLs C'athf.dr.^l .... 1S
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i^5|SI«S' ^llrilillljlllil ! r- \
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2 THE BRITISH ISLES. by well-define
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4 THE BRITISH ISLES. In its general
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THE BEITISH ISLES. not without dang
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8 THE BEITISH ISLES. more minute su
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^'V
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10 THE BRITISH ISLE!?. affording ex
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12 THE BEITISH ISLES. chalk, this a
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14 THE BRITISH ISLES. Farther west
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16 THE BRITISH ISLE?. are to be pre
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IS THE BEITISn ISI.ES. In summer, w
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20 THE BRITISH ISLES winds are most
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22 THE BRITISH ISLES. The influence
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24 THE BEITISH ISLES. plants. The c
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26 THE BEITISH ISLES. stretclies. I
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28 THE BRITISH ISLES. songsters is
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30 THE BEITISH ISLES. habits. Of th
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32 THE BRITISH ISLES. southern port
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34 THE BRITISH ISLES. followed the
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36 TEE BEITISH ISLES. fluctuations
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38 THE BEITISH ISLES. tions?* Engli
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40 THE BPJTIsn KLES. thousand years
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42 THE BEITISn ISLES. As men of com
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ii THE BRITISH ISLES. famous as cli
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CHArTER II. WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE
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M 1 k: 3
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48 THE BEITISH ISLES. with"ê, and
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50 THE BEITISH ISLES. 80 feet, are
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52 THE BRITISH ISLES. surface featu
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64 THE BRITISH ISLES. over the inha
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56 THE BEITISH ISLES. education. Th
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58 THE BEITISH ISLES. to extinction
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60 THE BEIITSH ISLES. Mercia, in 79
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62 THE BRITISH ISLES. the beautiful
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64 THE BRITISH ISLES. Merionethshir
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66 THE BEITISH ISLES. Noctown, high
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68 THE BRITISH ISLES. Flemings, who
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70 THE BRITISH ISLES. south, known
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72 THE BEITISH ISLES. Wales contain
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74 THE BEITISH ISLES. extent, but s
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76 THE BRITISH ISLES. of the sea up
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78 THE BEITISH ISLES. the cliffs, a
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80 THE BRITISH ISLES. with it fogs,
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82 THE BEITISH ISLES. plugged up, t
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84 THE BRITISH ISLES. Topography. C
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8fi THE BRITISH ISLES. northern sid
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88 THE BRITISH ISLES. rolled into t
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90 THE BEITISU ISLES. above tier ou
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92 THE BRITISH I^^LES. at the foot
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94 TUli BEITLSn ISLES. modern build
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CHAPTER IV. THE BASIN OF THE SEA-EE
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98 THE BBinSH ISLES. the Severn and
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100 THE BEITISH ISLES. suddenness i
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SHEOPSHIEB. 101 activity, for whils
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SHEOPSHIRE. 103 Most of the antiqui
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WOECESTEESHIEE—WAEWICKSHIRE. 105
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WAEWICKSHTRE. 107 impoverished, was
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WARWICKSHIRE. ion Birmingham, the l
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Ill Its sbape is t
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 113 Xew Inn, an ol
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 115 Bristol is one
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GLOUCESTEESHIEE—HEEEFOEDSHIEE. 11
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SOMEESETSHIEE. 119 A small portion
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SOMERSETSHIRE. 121 tte church of St
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. where conflictin
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 125 is in realit
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 127 and clay, we
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THE CHAX>rEL SLOPE. 129 upon whose
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DORSETSHIRE. Ifjl communication by
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WILTSHIEE. 133 Salishury, the count
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^TLTSHIEE. 135 a seat of the Earl o
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HAMPSHIRE. 137 on the capacious bay
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^ J^" ^ «•.».. J^TT
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HAMPSHIEE. 139 ihe roadstead, are a
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SUSSEX. 141 the finest wheat and be
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SUSSEX. 143 way to tlie sea. A port
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SUSSEX. 145 Hastings, whose Scandin
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 147 Thames
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 149 regula
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 151 bouude
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OXPOEDSHIEE. 153 nei"-liboiiring co
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OXFORDSHIRE. 155 contain the univer
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BEEKBHIEE. 157 Thame, which was the
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BERKSHIEE. 159 than Eeadiug biscuit
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II t^^^ |fHl||!|l||H|l||J
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162 THE BEITISH ISLES. unequalled i
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164 THE BRITISH ISLES. Hitcliin and
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RYOFTHETHAMES
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166 TEE BRITISH ISLES. London has o
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168 THE BRITISH ISLES. case of a to
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170 the City and "Westminster becam
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172 THE BRITISH ISLES. in fertilisi
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m THE BETTISH ISLES. falls on Bagsl
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17G TIIK BRITISH ISLES. confusion ;
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178 THE BEITISH ISLES. quarters, al
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180 THE BRITISH ISLES. a desire of
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182 TIIE BRITISH ISLES. Of all the
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181 THE BRITISH ISLES. Chatham, Pit
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186 THE BRITISH ISLES. coldness, wh
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188 THE BRITISH ISLES. bridge acros
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190 THE BRITISH ISLES. irrespective
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192 THE BRITISH ISLES. with the gre
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194 THE BEITISH ISLES. fire-arms, m
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196 THE BRITISH ISLES. West India D
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198 THE BEITISH ISLES. drainao'e, t
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200 THE BRITISH ISLES. moorish trac
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202 THE BRITISH ISLES. those of Put
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204 THE BRITISH ISLES. up from Grav
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20fi THE BEITISH ISLES. gun-cotton
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208 " faults." THE BEITISH ISLES. "
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210 THE BRITISH ISLES. There are no
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CHAPTER VII. EAST ANGLIA. (Suffolk
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214 THE BRITISH ISLES. have now dec
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216 THE BEITISn ISLES. the town. Se
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218 TILE BETTISH ISLES. and mustard
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CHAPTER VIII. THE BASIN OF THE WASH
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222 THE BRITISH ISLES. residence of
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221 THE BEITISH ISLES. most of tlio
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22fi THE BRITISH ISLES. backs of th
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228 THE BEITISH ISLES. fen land. Th
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230 THE BRITISH ISLES much trade in
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232 THE BRITISH ISLES. dral, which
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234 THE BEITISn ISLES. north, and c
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236 THE BRITISH ISLES. The coast di
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! 288 THE BRITISH ISLES. the only t
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240 THE BRITISH ISLES. of Oiron, bu
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242 THE BRITISH ISLES. The best vie
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244 THE BRITISH ISLES. Wye, in a bl
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246 THE BRITISH ISLES. Netcark-iqMn
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248 THE BRITISH ISLES. pleasant wal
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250 THE BEITISH ISLES. dreariness.
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252 THE BRITISH ISLES. name, is pro
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TOEKSHIEE. 253 tion of iron vessels
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YOEKSHIEE. 255 prophetess of the si
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YORKSHIRE. 237 glass houses, chemic
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TOEKSHIEE. 259 critic. The battle o
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CHAPTER X. THE BASINS OF THE MERSEY
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CHESHIEB. 263 their city Beca, afte
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LANCASmKE. 265 which supplies a pro
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LANOASniEE. 267 The coast of Lancas
Page 335 and 336: LANCASHIRE. 269 in England ; the Ex
Page 337 and 338: LANCASHTEK. 271 down, between Rinic
Page 341 and 342: LAXCASHXRE. 273 extend for 5 miles
Page 343 and 344: LAJSrCASHIEE. 275 have been raised
Page 345 and 346: LANCASHIRE. 277 of some note, whils
Page 347 and 348: CHAPTER XI. THE XORTH OF EXGLAXD, T
Page 349 and 350: THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 281 The torre
Page 351 and 352: THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 283 accounts
Page 353 and 354: WESTMOEELAND. 285 drain an importan
Page 355 and 356: CUMBERLAND. 287 "Waver, is remarkab
Page 359 and 360: DUEHAM. 289 of lead pencils. The Bo
Page 363 and 364: DUEHAM. 291 The only place of note
Page 365 and 366: NORTHUMBERLAND. 293 The mouth of th
Page 367 and 368: NOETHUMBEELAND. 295 boundary, it is
Page 369 and 370: NORTHUMBERLAND. 297 mass of columna
Page 371 and 372: CHAPTER XII. THE ISLE OF MAN. HE Is
Page 373 and 374: THE ISLE OF MAN. 301 inhabitants is
Page 375 and 376: SOUTHEKX SC'OTLAXD. 303 which it en
Page 377 and 378: SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 3O5 wliicli term
Page 381 and 382: SOUTHEEN SCOTLAND. 307 of Lucerne i
Page 383 and 384: SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 309 geological f
Page 385: SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 311 Under the fi
Page 389 and 390: BUTE-LANAEKSniEE. 815 is spanned by
Page 391 and 392: LANARKSHIRE. 817 the principal quar
Page 395 and 396: EENFEEWSniEE. 319 otter engineers t
Page 397 and 398: DUMBABTONSHIEE. 821 rock encloses r
Page 399 and 400: BERWICKSHIEE. 323 is known as Tevio
Page 402 and 403: Rugl-BTOi try El-tni-a Tan
Page 405 and 406: HADDINGTON—EDINBURGH. 325 Hadding
Page 411 and 412: EDINBUEGH. 827 Science and Art, mod
Page 413 and 414: STIELINGSHIEE—CLACKMANNAN. 329 St
Page 415 and 416: FIFE. 8S1 of water, Locli Leven, on
Page 419 and 420: j engineers CHAPTER XIV. NORTHERN S
Page 421 and 422: NORTHERN SCOTLAND. 835 marine range
Page 423 and 424: I ^ or j streams I XOETHEEX SCOTLAX
Page 425 and 426: NORTHEEN SCOTLAND. 339 ward—a pro
Page 427 and 428: XOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 311 Along many p
Page 429 and 430: NOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 843 If we Includ
Page 431 and 432: NOETHEEX SCOTLAND. 345 \isited Scot
Page 436 and 437:
ISLE OF SKYE-THE EILT EOCK.
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318 THE BEITISU ISLES. Head, on the
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850 THE BPJTISH ISLES. five die in
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352 THE BRITISH ISLES. find ourselv
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354 TUB BRITISH ISLES. whicli surro
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350 THE BRITISH ISLES. the use of S
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358 THE BEITISH ISLES. inhabitants
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360 THE BEITISH ISLES. The soldiers
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302 THE BElTISn ISLES. the heat and
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864 THE BRITISH ISLES. The river Ea
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8GG THE BEITISH ISLES, Broughty Fer
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3G8 THE BEITISH LSLES. which traver
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370 THE BRITISH ISLES. hamlet of Ca
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372 THE BRITISH ISLES. summit of Me
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374 THE BRITISH ISLES. Fortrose, wi
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37G THE BRITISH ISLES. Caithness fo
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AEGYLLSniEE. 377 Earl of Caithness)
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IRELAND. 879 More than once the for
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lUELANT). 381 The most elevated mou
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lEELAXD. 383 does the valley of the
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lEELAND. 385 rust which covers it.
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lEELAND. 887 for many geological ag
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IRELAND. 389 enlarging their area,
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IRELAND. 391 and Slieve Nakilla on
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ICELAND. 393 ttose numerous indenta
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IEEL.VXD. 395 tionally wet years it
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TYPICAL IKISH.
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898 THE BPJTISn ISLES. lumdred year
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400 THE BEITISn ISLES. was 5,293 sq
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402 THE BEITISH ISLES. monuments of
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•104 TRE BEITISH ISLES. schools w
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406 THE BEITISn ISLES. to ancient r
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408 TUE BEITISn ISLES. the wages wl
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410 THE BRITISH ISLES. Act of 1870
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BAY
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412 THE BEITISH ISLES. legitimate k
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414 TTIE CEITISn ISLES. and boundin
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41G THE BEITISn ISLES. county town,
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418 TliK UKlTISn SLES. Ulster.—Ul
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420 TllE BEITISH ISLES. seated at i
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422 THE UKITIsn ISLES. spanned by a
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424 THE BEITISH ISLES. century. Emy
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420 THE BRITISn ISLES. themselves i
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428 open Atlantic. THE BEITISH ISLE
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430 THE BEITISH ISLEi valley of the
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MUNSTEE. 431 Bantnj, at the head of
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MUNSTEE. 433 is a place of some ind
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MUNSTER. 435 British Islands by an
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STATISTICS OF THE UXITED EINGDOM. 4
Page 551 and 552:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
STATISTICS or THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOM. 4
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
STATISTICS OF THE LtNT:TED EIXGDOM.
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STATISTICS or THE UN-ITED KINGDOM.
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EIXGDOM. 4
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
STATISTICS OF THE LTSTITED KINGDOM.
Page 575 and 576:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EINGDOM. 4
Page 577 and 578:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINODOAT.
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOil.
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Page 587 and 588:
CHAPTER XYII. GOVERKMENT AND ADMINI
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GOVEENMENT AND APMINISTEATION. 477
Page 591 and 592:
GOYEEXMEXT AND ADMIXISTRATIOX. 479
Page 593 and 594:
GOVEENMENT AND ADMINISTEATION. 481
Page 595 and 596:
GOYEEXMENT AND ADMIXISTEATIOX. 483
Page 597 and 598:
GOVEEXMENT AND ADMINISTRATION. 485
Page 599 and 600:
All towns of 2,500 inhabitants t Be
Page 601 and 602:
NOETHAMPTOS NOKTHCMBER- LAXD . . Ar
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Worcester . Y0RK
Page 605 and 606:
APPENDIX. 493
Page 607 and 608:
APPENDIX. 495 Agricultueal Statisti
Page 609 and 610:
APPENDIX. 497 Imports of Merchandis
Page 611:
APPENDIX. 490 Imports and Exports a
Page 614 and 615:
£02 APPENDIX. "\T:I.—STATISTICAL
Page 617 and 618:
Abberley Hills, 104 Abbeyleix, 416
Page 619 and 620:
.romvaril, 118 Broom, Loch, 342, 37
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Dunglow, 424 Dunham Massey, 265 Dun
Page 623 and 624:
Kiiims. 337 Kainrsbiirgh. 315 Kaiit
Page 625 and 626:
Muuh Wenluck, 103 Muich Dhui, Bun,
Page 627 and 628:
SUvermine Mcimtains, 382 Sittingbou
Page 633 and 634:
kliSi^W*!"**^'! IK*
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