The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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102 THE BRITISH ISLES. centur}'; the Council House is an old mansion, where the court of the Welsh Marches was held. St. Mary's Chui-ch has an octagonal spire and a profusion of stained glass. " Butchers' Row " is interesting on account of its quaint shops. Monuments have been raised in honour of Lord Hill and Lord Clive. Shrewsbury '1 \i ^\ *J Fig. 56. — Shbewsburv. From the Ordnance Survey Slap. Scilo 1 ; e3.36fi carries on the manufacture of flannel, agricultural machinery, and linen- weaving, but is essentially an agricultural town. It is famous for its brawn and cakes. Descending the Severn, we soon reach Wro.rcfer, a village with a Norman church, and the ruins of the Roman city of Uricouium, at the foot of the Wrekin.
SHEOPSHIRE. 103 Most of the antiquities discovered on this spot have been deposited in the museum of Shrewsbury, but the visitor may still trace part of the old wall, the foundations of a basilica, and the remains of baths. The Roman city was probably destroj^ed by the Saxons, in the sixth century, when its defenders were Romanised Britons. Below TTroxeter the Severn enters a narrow gorge, and passes through the coal and iron district of the county. Leaving the ruins of Buikhms Abbe// on our left, we soon reach the iron bridge which joins the town of Ironbrkhje to that of Broseley, and is the oldest bridge of the kind in the world, having been erected in 1779 by Abraham Darby, of Coalbrookdale. Broseley is noted for its tiles and tobacco-pipes, whilst the cluster of towns on the opposite bank of the river, including Ironbridge, Coalbrookdale, Daideij Magna, and Madeleij, is the seat of a floiirishing iron industry, which spreads northward through the beautiful dale of Coalbrook as far as Wellington, and in the north-east to Shifnal. Cualport, a few miles below the bridge, has potteries and china works. The iron industry of this district was established in 1709, and the works have retained their reputation for fine castings. It is probable, however, that these populous towns will at no very remote time sink as rapidly into insignificance as they have risen into importance. The whole of the western portion of this Shropshire coal basin has become exhausted, and large tracts exhibit only abandoned works and heaps of rubbish, which are gradually becoming clothed with soil. Sooner or later grass and herbage will spring up upon them, and it will then be impossible to distinguish them from natural hillocks. Two-thirds of the coal originally stored in this basin have already been raised to the surface, and before many years the iron-masters and coal miners wiU migrate to the east, in order to tap the coal beds which there underlie the Permian and new red sandstone formations.* To the south of this industrial district the Severn passes between " low " and "high" Brklgenorth, the latter perched on a picturesque cliff of sandstone, 150 feet high. Besides the remains of its Xorman castle, Bridgenorth may boast of several half-timbered houses, including that in which Bishop Percj-, the collector of the " Eeliques," was born. The few towns in the northern portion of the county are quiet centres of agricultural districts. They include Osirestnj, in the north-west, amidst prettily wooded hills, between Offa's and Watt's Dykes, the ancient frontier of Wales Ellesmere and Whitchurch in the north ; Market Drayton, on the Upper Tern and the Birmingham and Liverpool Canal ; and Netcport. In the hilly region, bounded on the north and east by the valley of the Severn, and in the south by that of its tributary the Teme, there are only small market towns and villages. The principal of these are Much Wenlock; the centre of an extensive borough, including a considerable portion of the county ; Cleobury- Mortimer, in the Clee Hills; Church Stretton, ia a ferrile pastoral district, between the Caradoc Hills and Long Mynd ; and Bishop's Castle, on the Welsh border. The river Teme runs along the southern border of the county. On it stands Ludlow, a famous old border-town, with curious timber houses and an extensive Norman • Edward HuU, "The Coal-fields of Great Britain." ;
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V >^ri,-. 5^^Xv%/-Stj* \: ^jf .A
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^\-.
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CONTENTS. I. General Features The B
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Diitish I
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U7. St. P.iuLs C'athf.dr.^l .... 1S
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i^5|SI«S' ^llrilillljlllil ! r- \
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2 THE BRITISH ISLES. by well-define
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4 THE BRITISH ISLES. In its general
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THE BEITISH ISLES. not without dang
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8 THE BEITISH ISLES. more minute su
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^'V
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10 THE BRITISH ISLE!?. affording ex
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12 THE BEITISH ISLES. chalk, this a
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14 THE BRITISH ISLES. Farther west
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16 THE BRITISH ISLE?. are to be pre
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IS THE BEITISn ISI.ES. In summer, w
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20 THE BRITISH ISLES winds are most
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22 THE BRITISH ISLES. The influence
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24 THE BEITISH ISLES. plants. The c
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26 THE BEITISH ISLES. stretclies. I
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28 THE BRITISH ISLES. songsters is
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30 THE BEITISH ISLES. habits. Of th
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32 THE BRITISH ISLES. southern port
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34 THE BRITISH ISLES. followed the
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36 TEE BEITISH ISLES. fluctuations
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38 THE BEITISH ISLES. tions?* Engli
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40 THE BPJTIsn KLES. thousand years
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42 THE BEITISn ISLES. As men of com
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ii THE BRITISH ISLES. famous as cli
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CHArTER II. WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE
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M 1 k: 3
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48 THE BEITISH ISLES. with"^e, and
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50 THE BEITISH ISLES. 80 feet, are
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52 THE BRITISH ISLES. surface featu
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64 THE BRITISH ISLES. over the inha
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56 THE BEITISH ISLES. education. Th
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58 THE BEITISH ISLES. to extinction
Page 90 and 91: 60 THE BEIITSH ISLES. Mercia, in 79
Page 92: 62 THE BRITISH ISLES. the beautiful
Page 96 and 97: 64 THE BRITISH ISLES. Merionethshir
Page 98 and 99: 66 THE BEITISH ISLES. Noctown, high
Page 100 and 101: 68 THE BRITISH ISLES. Flemings, who
Page 102 and 103: 70 THE BRITISH ISLES. south, known
Page 104 and 105: 72 THE BEITISH ISLES. Wales contain
Page 106 and 107: 74 THE BEITISH ISLES. extent, but s
Page 108 and 109: 76 THE BRITISH ISLES. of the sea up
Page 110 and 111: 78 THE BEITISH ISLES. the cliffs, a
Page 112 and 113: 80 THE BRITISH ISLES. with it fogs,
Page 114 and 115: 82 THE BEITISH ISLES. plugged up, t
Page 116 and 117: 84 THE BRITISH ISLES. Topography. C
Page 118 and 119: 8fi THE BRITISH ISLES. northern sid
Page 120 and 121: 88 THE BRITISH ISLES. rolled into t
Page 122: 90 THE BEITISU ISLES. above tier ou
Page 126 and 127: 92 THE BRITISH I^^LES. at the foot
Page 128: 94 TUli BEITLSn ISLES. modern build
Page 132 and 133: CHAPTER IV. THE BASIN OF THE SEA-EE
Page 134 and 135: 98 THE BBinSH ISLES. the Severn and
Page 136: 100 THE BEITISH ISLES. suddenness i
Page 139: SHEOPSHIEB. 101 activity, for whils
Page 143 and 144: WOECESTEESHIEE—WAEWICKSHIRE. 105
Page 147 and 148: WAEWICKSHTRE. 107 impoverished, was
Page 149 and 150: WARWICKSHIRE. ion Birmingham, the l
Page 151 and 152: GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Ill Its sbape is t
Page 153 and 154: GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 113 Xew Inn, an ol
Page 155 and 156: GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 115 Bristol is one
Page 157 and 158: GLOUCESTEESHIEE—HEEEFOEDSHIEE. 11
Page 159 and 160: SOMEESETSHIEE. 119 A small portion
Page 161 and 162: SOMERSETSHIRE. 121 tte church of St
Page 163 and 164: THE CHANNEL SLOPE. where conflictin
Page 165 and 166: THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 125 is in realit
Page 167 and 168: THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 127 and clay, we
Page 169 and 170: THE CHAX>rEL SLOPE. 129 upon whose
Page 173 and 174: DORSETSHIRE. Ifjl communication by
Page 175 and 176: WILTSHIEE. 133 Salishury, the count
Page 177 and 178: ^TLTSHIEE. 135 a seat of the Earl o
Page 179 and 180: HAMPSHIRE. 137 on the capacious bay
Page 182 and 183: ^ J^" ^ «•.».. J^TT
Page 185 and 186: HAMPSHIEE. 139 ihe roadstead, are a
Page 189 and 190: SUSSEX. 141 the finest wheat and be
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SUSSEX. 143 way to tlie sea. A port
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SUSSEX. 145 Hastings, whose Scandin
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 147 Thames
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 149 regula
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 151 bouude
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OXPOEDSHIEE. 153 nei"-liboiiring co
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OXFORDSHIRE. 155 contain the univer
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BEEKBHIEE. 157 Thame, which was the
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BERKSHIEE. 159 than Eeadiug biscuit
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II t^^^ |fHl||!|l||H|l||J
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162 THE BEITISH ISLES. unequalled i
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164 THE BRITISH ISLES. Hitcliin and
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RYOFTHETHAMES
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166 TEE BRITISH ISLES. London has o
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168 THE BRITISH ISLES. case of a to
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170 the City and "Westminster becam
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172 THE BRITISH ISLES. in fertilisi
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m THE BETTISH ISLES. falls on Bagsl
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17G TIIK BRITISH ISLES. confusion ;
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178 THE BEITISH ISLES. quarters, al
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180 THE BRITISH ISLES. a desire of
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182 TIIE BRITISH ISLES. Of all the
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181 THE BRITISH ISLES. Chatham, Pit
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186 THE BRITISH ISLES. coldness, wh
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188 THE BRITISH ISLES. bridge acros
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190 THE BRITISH ISLES. irrespective
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192 THE BRITISH ISLES. with the gre
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194 THE BEITISH ISLES. fire-arms, m
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196 THE BRITISH ISLES. West India D
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198 THE BEITISH ISLES. drainao'e, t
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200 THE BRITISH ISLES. moorish trac
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202 THE BRITISH ISLES. those of Put
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204 THE BRITISH ISLES. up from Grav
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20fi THE BEITISH ISLES. gun-cotton
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208 " faults." THE BEITISH ISLES. "
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210 THE BRITISH ISLES. There are no
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CHAPTER VII. EAST ANGLIA. (Suffolk
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214 THE BRITISH ISLES. have now dec
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216 THE BEITISn ISLES. the town. Se
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218 TILE BETTISH ISLES. and mustard
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CHAPTER VIII. THE BASIN OF THE WASH
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222 THE BRITISH ISLES. residence of
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221 THE BEITISH ISLES. most of tlio
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22fi THE BRITISH ISLES. backs of th
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228 THE BEITISH ISLES. fen land. Th
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230 THE BRITISH ISLES much trade in
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232 THE BRITISH ISLES. dral, which
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234 THE BEITISn ISLES. north, and c
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236 THE BRITISH ISLES. The coast di
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! 288 THE BRITISH ISLES. the only t
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240 THE BRITISH ISLES. of Oiron, bu
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242 THE BRITISH ISLES. The best vie
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244 THE BRITISH ISLES. Wye, in a bl
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246 THE BRITISH ISLES. Netcark-iqMn
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248 THE BRITISH ISLES. pleasant wal
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250 THE BEITISH ISLES. dreariness.
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252 THE BRITISH ISLES. name, is pro
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TOEKSHIEE. 253 tion of iron vessels
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YOEKSHIEE. 255 prophetess of the si
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YORKSHIRE. 237 glass houses, chemic
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TOEKSHIEE. 259 critic. The battle o
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CHAPTER X. THE BASINS OF THE MERSEY
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CHESHIEB. 263 their city Beca, afte
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LANCASmKE. 265 which supplies a pro
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LANOASniEE. 267 The coast of Lancas
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LANCASHIRE. 269 in England ; the Ex
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LANCASHTEK. 271 down, between Rinic
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LAXCASHXRE. 273 extend for 5 miles
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LAJSrCASHIEE. 275 have been raised
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LANCASHIRE. 277 of some note, whils
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CHAPTER XI. THE XORTH OF EXGLAXD, T
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THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 281 The torre
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THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 283 accounts
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WESTMOEELAND. 285 drain an importan
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CUMBERLAND. 287 "Waver, is remarkab
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DUEHAM. 289 of lead pencils. The Bo
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DUEHAM. 291 The only place of note
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NORTHUMBERLAND. 293 The mouth of th
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NOETHUMBEELAND. 295 boundary, it is
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NORTHUMBERLAND. 297 mass of columna
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CHAPTER XII. THE ISLE OF MAN. HE Is
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THE ISLE OF MAN. 301 inhabitants is
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SOUTHEKX SC'OTLAXD. 303 which it en
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 3O5 wliicli term
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SOUTHEEN SCOTLAND. 307 of Lucerne i
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 309 geological f
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 311 Under the fi
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DUiEFRZES-KIRKCUDBRIGHT. 313 Topogr
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BUTE-LANAEKSniEE. 815 is spanned by
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LANARKSHIRE. 817 the principal quar
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EENFEEWSniEE. 319 otter engineers t
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DUMBABTONSHIEE. 821 rock encloses r
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BERWICKSHIEE. 323 is known as Tevio
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Rugl-BTOi try El-tni-a Tan
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HADDINGTON—EDINBURGH. 325 Hadding
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EDINBUEGH. 827 Science and Art, mod
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STIELINGSHIEE—CLACKMANNAN. 329 St
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FIFE. 8S1 of water, Locli Leven, on
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j engineers CHAPTER XIV. NORTHERN S
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NORTHERN SCOTLAND. 835 marine range
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I ^ or j streams I XOETHEEX SCOTLAX
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NORTHEEN SCOTLAND. 339 ward—a pro
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XOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 311 Along many p
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NOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 843 If we Includ
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NOETHEEX SCOTLAND. 345 \isited Scot
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ISLE OF SKYE-THE EILT EOCK.
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318 THE BEITISU ISLES. Head, on the
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850 THE BPJTISH ISLES. five die in
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352 THE BRITISH ISLES. find ourselv
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354 TUB BRITISH ISLES. whicli surro
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350 THE BRITISH ISLES. the use of S
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358 THE BEITISH ISLES. inhabitants
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360 THE BEITISH ISLES. The soldiers
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302 THE BElTISn ISLES. the heat and
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864 THE BRITISH ISLES. The river Ea
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8GG THE BEITISH ISLES, Broughty Fer
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3G8 THE BEITISH LSLES. which traver
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370 THE BRITISH ISLES. hamlet of Ca
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372 THE BRITISH ISLES. summit of Me
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374 THE BRITISH ISLES. Fortrose, wi
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37G THE BRITISH ISLES. Caithness fo
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AEGYLLSniEE. 377 Earl of Caithness)
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IRELAND. 879 More than once the for
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lUELANT). 381 The most elevated mou
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lEELAXD. 383 does the valley of the
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lEELAND. 385 rust which covers it.
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lEELAND. 887 for many geological ag
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IRELAND. 389 enlarging their area,
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IRELAND. 391 and Slieve Nakilla on
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ICELAND. 393 ttose numerous indenta
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IEEL.VXD. 395 tionally wet years it
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TYPICAL IKISH.
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898 THE BPJTISn ISLES. lumdred year
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400 THE BEITISn ISLES. was 5,293 sq
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402 THE BEITISH ISLES. monuments of
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•104 TRE BEITISH ISLES. schools w
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406 THE BEITISn ISLES. to ancient r
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408 TUE BEITISn ISLES. the wages wl
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410 THE BRITISH ISLES. Act of 1870
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BAY
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412 THE BEITISH ISLES. legitimate k
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414 TTIE CEITISn ISLES. and boundin
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41G THE BEITISn ISLES. county town,
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418 TliK UKlTISn SLES. Ulster.—Ul
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420 TllE BEITISH ISLES. seated at i
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422 THE UKITIsn ISLES. spanned by a
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424 THE BEITISH ISLES. century. Emy
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420 THE BRITISn ISLES. themselves i
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428 open Atlantic. THE BEITISH ISLE
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430 THE BEITISH ISLEi valley of the
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MUNSTEE. 431 Bantnj, at the head of
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MUNSTEE. 433 is a place of some ind
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MUNSTER. 435 British Islands by an
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STATISTICS OF THE UXITED EINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS or THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE LtNT:TED EIXGDOM.
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STATISTICS or THE UN-ITED KINGDOM.
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EIXGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE LTSTITED KINGDOM.
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINODOAT.
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOil.
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CHAPTER XYII. GOVERKMENT AND ADMINI
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GOVEENMENT AND APMINISTEATION. 477
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GOYEEXMEXT AND ADMIXISTRATIOX. 479
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GOVEENMENT AND ADMINISTEATION. 481
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GOYEEXMENT AND ADMIXISTEATIOX. 483
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GOVEEXMENT AND ADMINISTRATION. 485
Page 599 and 600:
All towns of 2,500 inhabitants t Be
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NOETHAMPTOS NOKTHCMBER- LAXD . . Ar
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Worcester . Y0RK
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APPENDIX. 493
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APPENDIX. 495 Agricultueal Statisti
Page 609 and 610:
APPENDIX. 497 Imports of Merchandis
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APPENDIX. 490 Imports and Exports a
Page 614 and 615:
£02 APPENDIX. "\T:I.—STATISTICAL
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Abberley Hills, 104 Abbeyleix, 416
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.romvaril, 118 Broom, Loch, 342, 37
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Dunglow, 424 Dunham Massey, 265 Dun
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Kiiims. 337 Kainrsbiirgh. 315 Kaiit
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Muuh Wenluck, 103 Muich Dhui, Bun,
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SUvermine Mcimtains, 382 Sittingbou
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kliSi^W*!"**^'! IK*
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