The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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254 THE BRITISH ISLES. The Nidd, in its upper course, flows through the beautiful Nidderdale. the principal town in which is PafcJey Bridge, where there is a lead mine. Ripley has 8.°W.erC-reG.v.-;-.'« Fig. 124. — Towns in SorTK-WESiEns Yorkshike. Scale 1 : 606,000. an old castlR and an ambitious new town-hall. At Knavcshorough the river flows between steep cliffs, wooded at their foot. Here, too, there is a castle, and, besides this, a "dropping well," \>j the side of which "Mother Shipton," the famous h
YOEKSHIEE. 255 prophetess of the sixteenth century, was born, and extensive limestone quarries. Ribsfon is a small village below Kniiresborough, where Eibston pippins were first grown. Harrogate, the famous watering-place, occupies a lofty position above the Ure. The first spring was discovered in 1596, and there are now known about twenty-five, both sulphureous and chalybeate. The Wharfe rises in Langshothdale, and takes its winding course through a dale renowned for its scenic charms. It flows past the ruins of Bolton Abbey and the huge hydropathic establishments which have made Illdey a second Malvern, until it reaches Otieij, a small manufacturing town, which is the capital of Wharfe- dale. At Wdherht/ the Wharfe emerges upon the plain of York, and flowing past Tadcnsfer, it joins the Ouse a short distance above Cawood. The Aire takes its rise at the foot of the scars of Gordale and in the pretty Malham Tarn (1,246 feet above the sea). It flows near S/a'pfon, the capital of the Craven district, close by which is the castle of the Cliffords. Cotton-spinning and quarrying occupy many of the inhabitants. At Skipton the Aire leaves behind it the rugged limestone region, and enters upon more monotonous moorlands, the towns amongst which will be described further on. A portion of Yorkshire lies beyond the Pennine chain, and is drained by the river Kibble and by the Eawthey, a tributary of the Lune. Sedbergh, the principal town on the latter, is a secluded place in the midst of steep fells. Its grammar school, however, enjoys some reputation, and amongst its scholars was Sedgwick, the geologist, a native of the village of Dent, a few miles to the south-east, famous for its black marble. The Ribhle rises in the fells to the north of the Ingleborough, and flows through a charming country past the small town of Settle, dependent upon agri- culture and cotton- spinning, into Lancashire. TYe now enter the south-western moorlands, so abundantly supplied with coal and iron, and traversed in all directions by running streams, which furnish the motive power needed by its innumerable factories. The towns are crowded together in this region, and in some localities have almost blotted out green fields. The oppo- site diagram wUl enable us to obtain some notion of their distribution. Broadly speaking, the valleys of the Aire and Calder are the seats of the woollen and worsted trades, with a great deal of cotton-spinning towards the west ; the Upper Don is the centre of the iron industry, and its tributary Dearne that of the linen trade. The Aire and Calder, which traverse the northern portion of this industrial region, have vastly changed their character since the Middle Ages. Their water was famous then for its crystalline purity, and a Yorkshire poet cried out, " "Why should not the maidens of Castleford be beautiful ? do they not lave themselves in the mingled waters of the Aire and Calder ? " These rivers, in our own day, are hardly better than open sewers, for they receive the refuse of innumerable factories. The Calder, when it first enters this district, flows past the town of Keighley, engaged in the manufacture of worsted and in cotton-spinning, and known for its s 2
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V >^ri,-. 5^^Xv%/-Stj* \: ^jf .A
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^\-.
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CONTENTS. I. General Features The B
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Diitish I
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U7. St. P.iuLs C'athf.dr.^l .... 1S
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i^5|SI«S' ^llrilillljlllil ! r- \
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2 THE BRITISH ISLES. by well-define
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4 THE BRITISH ISLES. In its general
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THE BEITISH ISLES. not without dang
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8 THE BEITISH ISLES. more minute su
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^'V
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10 THE BRITISH ISLE!?. affording ex
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12 THE BEITISH ISLES. chalk, this a
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14 THE BRITISH ISLES. Farther west
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16 THE BRITISH ISLE?. are to be pre
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IS THE BEITISn ISI.ES. In summer, w
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20 THE BRITISH ISLES winds are most
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22 THE BRITISH ISLES. The influence
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24 THE BEITISH ISLES. plants. The c
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26 THE BEITISH ISLES. stretclies. I
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28 THE BRITISH ISLES. songsters is
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30 THE BEITISH ISLES. habits. Of th
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32 THE BRITISH ISLES. southern port
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34 THE BRITISH ISLES. followed the
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36 TEE BEITISH ISLES. fluctuations
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38 THE BEITISH ISLES. tions?* Engli
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40 THE BPJTIsn KLES. thousand years
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42 THE BEITISn ISLES. As men of com
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ii THE BRITISH ISLES. famous as cli
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CHArTER II. WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE
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M 1 k: 3
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48 THE BEITISH ISLES. with"^e, and
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50 THE BEITISH ISLES. 80 feet, are
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52 THE BRITISH ISLES. surface featu
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64 THE BRITISH ISLES. over the inha
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56 THE BEITISH ISLES. education. Th
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58 THE BEITISH ISLES. to extinction
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60 THE BEIITSH ISLES. Mercia, in 79
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62 THE BRITISH ISLES. the beautiful
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64 THE BRITISH ISLES. Merionethshir
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66 THE BEITISH ISLES. Noctown, high
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68 THE BRITISH ISLES. Flemings, who
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70 THE BRITISH ISLES. south, known
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72 THE BEITISH ISLES. Wales contain
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74 THE BEITISH ISLES. extent, but s
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76 THE BRITISH ISLES. of the sea up
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78 THE BEITISH ISLES. the cliffs, a
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80 THE BRITISH ISLES. with it fogs,
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82 THE BEITISH ISLES. plugged up, t
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84 THE BRITISH ISLES. Topography. C
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8fi THE BRITISH ISLES. northern sid
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88 THE BRITISH ISLES. rolled into t
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90 THE BEITISU ISLES. above tier ou
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92 THE BRITISH I^^LES. at the foot
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94 TUli BEITLSn ISLES. modern build
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CHAPTER IV. THE BASIN OF THE SEA-EE
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98 THE BBinSH ISLES. the Severn and
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100 THE BEITISH ISLES. suddenness i
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SHEOPSHIEB. 101 activity, for whils
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SHEOPSHIRE. 103 Most of the antiqui
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WOECESTEESHIEE—WAEWICKSHIRE. 105
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WAEWICKSHTRE. 107 impoverished, was
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WARWICKSHIRE. ion Birmingham, the l
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Ill Its sbape is t
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 113 Xew Inn, an ol
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 115 Bristol is one
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GLOUCESTEESHIEE—HEEEFOEDSHIEE. 11
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SOMEESETSHIEE. 119 A small portion
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SOMERSETSHIRE. 121 tte church of St
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. where conflictin
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 125 is in realit
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 127 and clay, we
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THE CHAX>rEL SLOPE. 129 upon whose
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DORSETSHIRE. Ifjl communication by
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WILTSHIEE. 133 Salishury, the count
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^TLTSHIEE. 135 a seat of the Earl o
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HAMPSHIRE. 137 on the capacious bay
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^ J^" ^ «•.».. J^TT
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HAMPSHIEE. 139 ihe roadstead, are a
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SUSSEX. 141 the finest wheat and be
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SUSSEX. 143 way to tlie sea. A port
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SUSSEX. 145 Hastings, whose Scandin
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 147 Thames
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 149 regula
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 151 bouude
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OXPOEDSHIEE. 153 nei"-liboiiring co
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OXFORDSHIRE. 155 contain the univer
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BEEKBHIEE. 157 Thame, which was the
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BERKSHIEE. 159 than Eeadiug biscuit
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II t^^^ |fHl||!|l||H|l||J
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162 THE BEITISH ISLES. unequalled i
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164 THE BRITISH ISLES. Hitcliin and
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RYOFTHETHAMES
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166 TEE BRITISH ISLES. London has o
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168 THE BRITISH ISLES. case of a to
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170 the City and "Westminster becam
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172 THE BRITISH ISLES. in fertilisi
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m THE BETTISH ISLES. falls on Bagsl
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17G TIIK BRITISH ISLES. confusion ;
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178 THE BEITISH ISLES. quarters, al
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180 THE BRITISH ISLES. a desire of
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182 TIIE BRITISH ISLES. Of all the
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181 THE BRITISH ISLES. Chatham, Pit
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186 THE BRITISH ISLES. coldness, wh
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188 THE BRITISH ISLES. bridge acros
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190 THE BRITISH ISLES. irrespective
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192 THE BRITISH ISLES. with the gre
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194 THE BEITISH ISLES. fire-arms, m
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196 THE BRITISH ISLES. West India D
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198 THE BEITISH ISLES. drainao'e, t
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200 THE BRITISH ISLES. moorish trac
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202 THE BRITISH ISLES. those of Put
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204 THE BRITISH ISLES. up from Grav
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20fi THE BEITISH ISLES. gun-cotton
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208 " faults." THE BEITISH ISLES. "
Page 270 and 271: 210 THE BRITISH ISLES. There are no
Page 272 and 273: CHAPTER VII. EAST ANGLIA. (Suffolk
Page 274 and 275: 214 THE BRITISH ISLES. have now dec
Page 276 and 277: 216 THE BEITISn ISLES. the town. Se
Page 278 and 279: 218 TILE BETTISH ISLES. and mustard
Page 280 and 281: CHAPTER VIII. THE BASIN OF THE WASH
Page 282 and 283: 222 THE BRITISH ISLES. residence of
Page 284 and 285: 221 THE BEITISH ISLES. most of tlio
Page 286: 22fi THE BRITISH ISLES. backs of th
Page 290 and 291: 228 THE BEITISH ISLES. fen land. Th
Page 292 and 293: 230 THE BRITISH ISLES much trade in
Page 294 and 295: 232 THE BRITISH ISLES. dral, which
Page 296 and 297: 234 THE BEITISn ISLES. north, and c
Page 298 and 299: 236 THE BRITISH ISLES. The coast di
Page 300 and 301: ! 288 THE BRITISH ISLES. the only t
Page 302: 240 THE BRITISH ISLES. of Oiron, bu
Page 306 and 307: 242 THE BRITISH ISLES. The best vie
Page 308 and 309: 244 THE BRITISH ISLES. Wye, in a bl
Page 310 and 311: 246 THE BRITISH ISLES. Netcark-iqMn
Page 312 and 313: 248 THE BRITISH ISLES. pleasant wal
Page 314 and 315: 250 THE BEITISH ISLES. dreariness.
Page 316: 252 THE BRITISH ISLES. name, is pro
Page 319: TOEKSHIEE. 253 tion of iron vessels
Page 323 and 324: YORKSHIRE. 237 glass houses, chemic
Page 325 and 326: TOEKSHIEE. 259 critic. The battle o
Page 327 and 328: CHAPTER X. THE BASINS OF THE MERSEY
Page 329 and 330: CHESHIEB. 263 their city Beca, afte
Page 331 and 332: LANCASmKE. 265 which supplies a pro
Page 333 and 334: LANOASniEE. 267 The coast of Lancas
Page 335 and 336: LANCASHIRE. 269 in England ; the Ex
Page 337 and 338: LANCASHTEK. 271 down, between Rinic
Page 341 and 342: LAXCASHXRE. 273 extend for 5 miles
Page 343 and 344: LAJSrCASHIEE. 275 have been raised
Page 345 and 346: LANCASHIRE. 277 of some note, whils
Page 347 and 348: CHAPTER XI. THE XORTH OF EXGLAXD, T
Page 349 and 350: THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 281 The torre
Page 351 and 352: THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 283 accounts
Page 353 and 354: WESTMOEELAND. 285 drain an importan
Page 355 and 356: CUMBERLAND. 287 "Waver, is remarkab
Page 359 and 360: DUEHAM. 289 of lead pencils. The Bo
Page 363 and 364: DUEHAM. 291 The only place of note
Page 365 and 366: NORTHUMBERLAND. 293 The mouth of th
Page 367 and 368: NOETHUMBEELAND. 295 boundary, it is
Page 369 and 370: NORTHUMBERLAND. 297 mass of columna
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CHAPTER XII. THE ISLE OF MAN. HE Is
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THE ISLE OF MAN. 301 inhabitants is
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SOUTHEKX SC'OTLAXD. 303 which it en
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 3O5 wliicli term
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SOUTHEEN SCOTLAND. 307 of Lucerne i
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 309 geological f
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 311 Under the fi
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DUiEFRZES-KIRKCUDBRIGHT. 313 Topogr
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BUTE-LANAEKSniEE. 815 is spanned by
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LANARKSHIRE. 817 the principal quar
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EENFEEWSniEE. 319 otter engineers t
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DUMBABTONSHIEE. 821 rock encloses r
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BERWICKSHIEE. 323 is known as Tevio
Page 402 and 403:
Rugl-BTOi try El-tni-a Tan
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HADDINGTON—EDINBURGH. 325 Hadding
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EDINBUEGH. 827 Science and Art, mod
Page 413 and 414:
STIELINGSHIEE—CLACKMANNAN. 329 St
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FIFE. 8S1 of water, Locli Leven, on
Page 419 and 420:
j engineers CHAPTER XIV. NORTHERN S
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NORTHERN SCOTLAND. 835 marine range
Page 423 and 424:
I ^ or j streams I XOETHEEX SCOTLAX
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NORTHEEN SCOTLAND. 339 ward—a pro
Page 427 and 428:
XOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 311 Along many p
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NOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 843 If we Includ
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NOETHEEX SCOTLAND. 345 \isited Scot
Page 436 and 437:
ISLE OF SKYE-THE EILT EOCK.
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318 THE BEITISU ISLES. Head, on the
Page 440 and 441:
850 THE BPJTISH ISLES. five die in
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352 THE BRITISH ISLES. find ourselv
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354 TUB BRITISH ISLES. whicli surro
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350 THE BRITISH ISLES. the use of S
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358 THE BEITISH ISLES. inhabitants
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360 THE BEITISH ISLES. The soldiers
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302 THE BElTISn ISLES. the heat and
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864 THE BRITISH ISLES. The river Ea
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8GG THE BEITISH ISLES, Broughty Fer
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3G8 THE BEITISH LSLES. which traver
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370 THE BRITISH ISLES. hamlet of Ca
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372 THE BRITISH ISLES. summit of Me
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374 THE BRITISH ISLES. Fortrose, wi
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37G THE BRITISH ISLES. Caithness fo
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AEGYLLSniEE. 377 Earl of Caithness)
Page 477 and 478:
IRELAND. 879 More than once the for
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lUELANT). 381 The most elevated mou
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lEELAXD. 383 does the valley of the
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lEELAND. 385 rust which covers it.
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lEELAND. 887 for many geological ag
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IRELAND. 389 enlarging their area,
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IRELAND. 391 and Slieve Nakilla on
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ICELAND. 393 ttose numerous indenta
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IEEL.VXD. 395 tionally wet years it
Page 495:
TYPICAL IKISH.
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898 THE BPJTISn ISLES. lumdred year
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400 THE BEITISn ISLES. was 5,293 sq
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402 THE BEITISH ISLES. monuments of
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•104 TRE BEITISH ISLES. schools w
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406 THE BEITISn ISLES. to ancient r
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408 TUE BEITISn ISLES. the wages wl
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410 THE BRITISH ISLES. Act of 1870
Page 515:
BAY
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412 THE BEITISH ISLES. legitimate k
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414 TTIE CEITISn ISLES. and boundin
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41G THE BEITISn ISLES. county town,
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418 TliK UKlTISn SLES. Ulster.—Ul
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420 TllE BEITISH ISLES. seated at i
Page 528 and 529:
422 THE UKITIsn ISLES. spanned by a
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424 THE BEITISH ISLES. century. Emy
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420 THE BRITISn ISLES. themselves i
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428 open Atlantic. THE BEITISH ISLE
Page 538:
430 THE BEITISH ISLEi valley of the
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MUNSTEE. 431 Bantnj, at the head of
Page 545 and 546:
MUNSTEE. 433 is a place of some ind
Page 547 and 548:
MUNSTER. 435 British Islands by an
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STATISTICS OF THE UXITED EINGDOM. 4
Page 551 and 552:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
STATISTICS or THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
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STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOM. 4
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
STATISTICS OF THE LtNT:TED EIXGDOM.
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STATISTICS or THE UN-ITED KINGDOM.
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EIXGDOM. 4
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
STATISTICS OF THE LTSTITED KINGDOM.
Page 575 and 576:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EINGDOM. 4
Page 577 and 578:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINODOAT.
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOil.
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Page 587 and 588:
CHAPTER XYII. GOVERKMENT AND ADMINI
Page 589 and 590:
GOVEENMENT AND APMINISTEATION. 477
Page 591 and 592:
GOYEEXMEXT AND ADMIXISTRATIOX. 479
Page 593 and 594:
GOVEENMENT AND ADMINISTEATION. 481
Page 595 and 596:
GOYEEXMENT AND ADMIXISTEATIOX. 483
Page 597 and 598:
GOVEEXMENT AND ADMINISTRATION. 485
Page 599 and 600:
All towns of 2,500 inhabitants t Be
Page 601 and 602:
NOETHAMPTOS NOKTHCMBER- LAXD . . Ar
Page 603 and 604:
Worcester . Y0RK
Page 605 and 606:
APPENDIX. 493
Page 607 and 608:
APPENDIX. 495 Agricultueal Statisti
Page 609 and 610:
APPENDIX. 497 Imports of Merchandis
Page 611:
APPENDIX. 490 Imports and Exports a
Page 614 and 615:
£02 APPENDIX. "\T:I.—STATISTICAL
Page 617 and 618:
Abberley Hills, 104 Abbeyleix, 416
Page 619 and 620:
.romvaril, 118 Broom, Loch, 342, 37
Page 621 and 622:
Dunglow, 424 Dunham Massey, 265 Dun
Page 623 and 624:
Kiiims. 337 Kainrsbiirgh. 315 Kaiit
Page 625 and 626:
Muuh Wenluck, 103 Muich Dhui, Bun,
Page 627 and 628:
SUvermine Mcimtains, 382 Sittingbou
Page 633 and 634:
kliSi^W*!"**^'! IK*
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