The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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THE EARTH AND ITS INHABITANTS THE UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY By ELISEE RECLUS EDITED By E. G. RAVENSTEIN, F.R.G.S., F.S.S., Etc. VOL. IV. THE BRITISH ISLES ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS AND MAPS LONDON J. S. VIRTUE & CO., Limited, 294, CITY ROAD
Page 1 and 2: V >^ri,-. 5^^Xv%/-Stj* \: ^jf .A
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS. I. General Features The B
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Diitish I
Page 15 and 16: U7. St. P.iuLs C'athf.dr.^l .... 1S
Page 18: i^5|SI«S' ^llrilillljlllil ! r- \
Page 22 and 23: 2 THE BRITISH ISLES. by well-define
Page 24 and 25: 4 THE BRITISH ISLES. In its general
Page 26 and 27: THE BEITISH ISLES. not without dang
Page 28: 8 THE BEITISH ISLES. more minute su
Page 32 and 33: ^'V
Page 34 and 35: 10 THE BRITISH ISLE!?. affording ex
Page 36 and 37: 12 THE BEITISH ISLES. chalk, this a
Page 38 and 39: 14 THE BRITISH ISLES. Farther west
Page 40 and 41: 16 THE BRITISH ISLE?. are to be pre
Page 42 and 43: IS THE BEITISn ISI.ES. In summer, w
Page 44 and 45: 20 THE BRITISH ISLES winds are most
Page 46 and 47: 22 THE BRITISH ISLES. The influence
Page 48 and 49: 24 THE BEITISH ISLES. plants. The c
Page 50 and 51: 26 THE BEITISH ISLES. stretclies. I
Page 52 and 53: 28 THE BRITISH ISLES. songsters is
Page 54 and 55:
30 THE BEITISH ISLES. habits. Of th
Page 56 and 57:
32 THE BRITISH ISLES. southern port
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34 THE BRITISH ISLES. followed the
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36 TEE BEITISH ISLES. fluctuations
Page 62 and 63:
38 THE BEITISH ISLES. tions?* Engli
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40 THE BPJTIsn KLES. thousand years
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42 THE BEITISn ISLES. As men of com
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ii THE BRITISH ISLES. famous as cli
Page 70:
CHArTER II. WALES AND MONMOUTHSHIRE
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M 1 k: 3
Page 76:
48 THE BEITISH ISLES. with"^e, and
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50 THE BEITISH ISLES. 80 feet, are
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52 THE BRITISH ISLES. surface featu
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64 THE BRITISH ISLES. over the inha
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56 THE BEITISH ISLES. education. Th
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58 THE BEITISH ISLES. to extinction
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60 THE BEIITSH ISLES. Mercia, in 79
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62 THE BRITISH ISLES. the beautiful
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64 THE BRITISH ISLES. Merionethshir
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66 THE BEITISH ISLES. Noctown, high
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68 THE BRITISH ISLES. Flemings, who
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70 THE BRITISH ISLES. south, known
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72 THE BEITISH ISLES. Wales contain
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74 THE BEITISH ISLES. extent, but s
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76 THE BRITISH ISLES. of the sea up
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78 THE BEITISH ISLES. the cliffs, a
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80 THE BRITISH ISLES. with it fogs,
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82 THE BEITISH ISLES. plugged up, t
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84 THE BRITISH ISLES. Topography. C
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8fi THE BRITISH ISLES. northern sid
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88 THE BRITISH ISLES. rolled into t
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90 THE BEITISU ISLES. above tier ou
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92 THE BRITISH I^^LES. at the foot
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94 TUli BEITLSn ISLES. modern build
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CHAPTER IV. THE BASIN OF THE SEA-EE
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98 THE BBinSH ISLES. the Severn and
Page 136:
100 THE BEITISH ISLES. suddenness i
Page 139 and 140:
SHEOPSHIEB. 101 activity, for whils
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SHEOPSHIRE. 103 Most of the antiqui
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WOECESTEESHIEE—WAEWICKSHIRE. 105
Page 147 and 148:
WAEWICKSHTRE. 107 impoverished, was
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WARWICKSHIRE. ion Birmingham, the l
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Ill Its sbape is t
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 113 Xew Inn, an ol
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GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 115 Bristol is one
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GLOUCESTEESHIEE—HEEEFOEDSHIEE. 11
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SOMEESETSHIEE. 119 A small portion
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SOMERSETSHIRE. 121 tte church of St
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THE CHANNEL SLOPE. where conflictin
Page 165 and 166:
THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 125 is in realit
Page 167 and 168:
THE CHANNEL SLOPE. 127 and clay, we
Page 169 and 170:
THE CHAX>rEL SLOPE. 129 upon whose
Page 173 and 174:
DORSETSHIRE. Ifjl communication by
Page 175 and 176:
WILTSHIEE. 133 Salishury, the count
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^TLTSHIEE. 135 a seat of the Earl o
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HAMPSHIRE. 137 on the capacious bay
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^ J^" ^ «•.».. J^TT
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HAMPSHIEE. 139 ihe roadstead, are a
Page 189 and 190:
SUSSEX. 141 the finest wheat and be
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SUSSEX. 143 way to tlie sea. A port
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SUSSEX. 145 Hastings, whose Scandin
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 147 Thames
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 149 regula
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THE BASIN OF THE THAMES. 151 bouude
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OXPOEDSHIEE. 153 nei"-liboiiring co
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OXFORDSHIRE. 155 contain the univer
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BEEKBHIEE. 157 Thame, which was the
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BERKSHIEE. 159 than Eeadiug biscuit
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II t^^^ |fHl||!|l||H|l||J
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162 THE BEITISH ISLES. unequalled i
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164 THE BRITISH ISLES. Hitcliin and
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RYOFTHETHAMES
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166 TEE BRITISH ISLES. London has o
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168 THE BRITISH ISLES. case of a to
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170 the City and "Westminster becam
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172 THE BRITISH ISLES. in fertilisi
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m THE BETTISH ISLES. falls on Bagsl
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17G TIIK BRITISH ISLES. confusion ;
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178 THE BEITISH ISLES. quarters, al
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180 THE BRITISH ISLES. a desire of
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182 TIIE BRITISH ISLES. Of all the
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181 THE BRITISH ISLES. Chatham, Pit
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186 THE BRITISH ISLES. coldness, wh
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188 THE BRITISH ISLES. bridge acros
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190 THE BRITISH ISLES. irrespective
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192 THE BRITISH ISLES. with the gre
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194 THE BEITISH ISLES. fire-arms, m
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196 THE BRITISH ISLES. West India D
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198 THE BEITISH ISLES. drainao'e, t
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200 THE BRITISH ISLES. moorish trac
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202 THE BRITISH ISLES. those of Put
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204 THE BRITISH ISLES. up from Grav
Page 264:
20fi THE BEITISH ISLES. gun-cotton
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208 " faults." THE BEITISH ISLES. "
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210 THE BRITISH ISLES. There are no
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CHAPTER VII. EAST ANGLIA. (Suffolk
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214 THE BRITISH ISLES. have now dec
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216 THE BEITISn ISLES. the town. Se
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218 TILE BETTISH ISLES. and mustard
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CHAPTER VIII. THE BASIN OF THE WASH
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222 THE BRITISH ISLES. residence of
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221 THE BEITISH ISLES. most of tlio
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22fi THE BRITISH ISLES. backs of th
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228 THE BEITISH ISLES. fen land. Th
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230 THE BRITISH ISLES much trade in
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232 THE BRITISH ISLES. dral, which
Page 296 and 297:
234 THE BEITISn ISLES. north, and c
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236 THE BRITISH ISLES. The coast di
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! 288 THE BRITISH ISLES. the only t
Page 302:
240 THE BRITISH ISLES. of Oiron, bu
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242 THE BRITISH ISLES. The best vie
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244 THE BRITISH ISLES. Wye, in a bl
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246 THE BRITISH ISLES. Netcark-iqMn
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248 THE BRITISH ISLES. pleasant wal
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250 THE BEITISH ISLES. dreariness.
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252 THE BRITISH ISLES. name, is pro
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TOEKSHIEE. 253 tion of iron vessels
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YOEKSHIEE. 255 prophetess of the si
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YORKSHIRE. 237 glass houses, chemic
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TOEKSHIEE. 259 critic. The battle o
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CHAPTER X. THE BASINS OF THE MERSEY
Page 329 and 330:
CHESHIEB. 263 their city Beca, afte
Page 331 and 332:
LANCASmKE. 265 which supplies a pro
Page 333 and 334:
LANOASniEE. 267 The coast of Lancas
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LANCASHIRE. 269 in England ; the Ex
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LANCASHTEK. 271 down, between Rinic
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LAXCASHXRE. 273 extend for 5 miles
Page 343 and 344:
LAJSrCASHIEE. 275 have been raised
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LANCASHIRE. 277 of some note, whils
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CHAPTER XI. THE XORTH OF EXGLAXD, T
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THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 281 The torre
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THE NOETH OF ENGLAND. 283 accounts
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WESTMOEELAND. 285 drain an importan
Page 355 and 356:
CUMBERLAND. 287 "Waver, is remarkab
Page 359 and 360:
DUEHAM. 289 of lead pencils. The Bo
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DUEHAM. 291 The only place of note
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NORTHUMBERLAND. 293 The mouth of th
Page 367 and 368:
NOETHUMBEELAND. 295 boundary, it is
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NORTHUMBERLAND. 297 mass of columna
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CHAPTER XII. THE ISLE OF MAN. HE Is
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THE ISLE OF MAN. 301 inhabitants is
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SOUTHEKX SC'OTLAXD. 303 which it en
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 3O5 wliicli term
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SOUTHEEN SCOTLAND. 307 of Lucerne i
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 309 geological f
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SOUTHERN SCOTLAND. 311 Under the fi
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DUiEFRZES-KIRKCUDBRIGHT. 313 Topogr
Page 389 and 390:
BUTE-LANAEKSniEE. 815 is spanned by
Page 391 and 392:
LANARKSHIRE. 817 the principal quar
Page 395 and 396:
EENFEEWSniEE. 319 otter engineers t
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DUMBABTONSHIEE. 821 rock encloses r
Page 399 and 400:
BERWICKSHIEE. 323 is known as Tevio
Page 402 and 403:
Rugl-BTOi try El-tni-a Tan
Page 405 and 406:
HADDINGTON—EDINBURGH. 325 Hadding
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EDINBUEGH. 827 Science and Art, mod
Page 413 and 414:
STIELINGSHIEE—CLACKMANNAN. 329 St
Page 415 and 416:
FIFE. 8S1 of water, Locli Leven, on
Page 419 and 420:
j engineers CHAPTER XIV. NORTHERN S
Page 421 and 422:
NORTHERN SCOTLAND. 835 marine range
Page 423 and 424:
I ^ or j streams I XOETHEEX SCOTLAX
Page 425 and 426:
NORTHEEN SCOTLAND. 339 ward—a pro
Page 427 and 428:
XOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 311 Along many p
Page 429 and 430:
NOETHEEN SCOTLAND. 843 If we Includ
Page 431 and 432:
NOETHEEX SCOTLAND. 345 \isited Scot
Page 436 and 437:
ISLE OF SKYE-THE EILT EOCK.
Page 438 and 439:
318 THE BEITISU ISLES. Head, on the
Page 440 and 441:
850 THE BPJTISH ISLES. five die in
Page 442:
352 THE BRITISH ISLES. find ourselv
Page 446 and 447:
354 TUB BRITISH ISLES. whicli surro
Page 448:
350 THE BRITISH ISLES. the use of S
Page 452 and 453:
358 THE BEITISH ISLES. inhabitants
Page 454 and 455:
360 THE BEITISH ISLES. The soldiers
Page 456 and 457:
302 THE BElTISn ISLES. the heat and
Page 458:
864 THE BRITISH ISLES. The river Ea
Page 462 and 463:
8GG THE BEITISH ISLES, Broughty Fer
Page 464 and 465:
3G8 THE BEITISH LSLES. which traver
Page 466 and 467:
370 THE BRITISH ISLES. hamlet of Ca
Page 468 and 469:
372 THE BRITISH ISLES. summit of Me
Page 470 and 471:
374 THE BRITISH ISLES. Fortrose, wi
Page 472:
37G THE BRITISH ISLES. Caithness fo
Page 475 and 476:
AEGYLLSniEE. 377 Earl of Caithness)
Page 477 and 478:
IRELAND. 879 More than once the for
Page 479 and 480:
lUELANT). 381 The most elevated mou
Page 481 and 482:
lEELAXD. 383 does the valley of the
Page 483 and 484:
lEELAND. 385 rust which covers it.
Page 485 and 486:
lEELAND. 887 for many geological ag
Page 487 and 488:
IRELAND. 389 enlarging their area,
Page 489 and 490:
IRELAND. 391 and Slieve Nakilla on
Page 491 and 492:
ICELAND. 393 ttose numerous indenta
Page 493 and 494:
IEEL.VXD. 395 tionally wet years it
Page 495:
TYPICAL IKISH.
Page 498 and 499:
898 THE BPJTISn ISLES. lumdred year
Page 500:
400 THE BEITISn ISLES. was 5,293 sq
Page 504 and 505:
402 THE BEITISH ISLES. monuments of
Page 506 and 507:
•104 TRE BEITISH ISLES. schools w
Page 508 and 509:
406 THE BEITISn ISLES. to ancient r
Page 510 and 511:
408 TUE BEITISn ISLES. the wages wl
Page 512:
410 THE BRITISH ISLES. Act of 1870
Page 515:
BAY
Page 518 and 519:
412 THE BEITISH ISLES. legitimate k
Page 520 and 521:
414 TTIE CEITISn ISLES. and boundin
Page 522 and 523:
41G THE BEITISn ISLES. county town,
Page 524 and 525:
418 TliK UKlTISn SLES. Ulster.—Ul
Page 526 and 527:
420 TllE BEITISH ISLES. seated at i
Page 528 and 529:
422 THE UKITIsn ISLES. spanned by a
Page 530 and 531:
424 THE BEITISH ISLES. century. Emy
Page 532 and 533:
420 THE BRITISn ISLES. themselves i
Page 534:
428 open Atlantic. THE BEITISH ISLE
Page 538:
430 THE BEITISH ISLEi valley of the
Page 543 and 544:
MUNSTEE. 431 Bantnj, at the head of
Page 545 and 546:
MUNSTEE. 433 is a place of some ind
Page 547 and 548:
MUNSTER. 435 British Islands by an
Page 549 and 550:
STATISTICS OF THE UXITED EINGDOM. 4
Page 551 and 552:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
STATISTICS or THE UNITED KINGDOM. 4
Page 557 and 558:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOM. 4
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
STATISTICS OF THE LtNT:TED EIXGDOM.
Page 565 and 566:
STATISTICS or THE UN-ITED KINGDOM.
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EIXGDOM. 4
Page 571 and 572:
Page 573 and 574:
STATISTICS OF THE LTSTITED KINGDOM.
Page 575 and 576:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED EINGDOM. 4
Page 577 and 578:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KINODOAT.
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED KIXGDOil.
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
CHAPTER XYII. GOVERKMENT AND ADMINI
Page 589 and 590:
GOVEENMENT AND APMINISTEATION. 477
Page 591 and 592:
GOYEEXMEXT AND ADMIXISTRATIOX. 479
Page 593 and 594:
GOVEENMENT AND ADMINISTEATION. 481
Page 595 and 596:
GOYEEXMENT AND ADMIXISTEATIOX. 483
Page 597 and 598:
GOVEEXMENT AND ADMINISTRATION. 485
Page 599 and 600:
All towns of 2,500 inhabitants t Be
Page 601 and 602:
NOETHAMPTOS NOKTHCMBER- LAXD . . Ar
Page 603 and 604:
Worcester . Y0RK
Page 605 and 606:
APPENDIX. 493
Page 607 and 608:
APPENDIX. 495 Agricultueal Statisti
Page 609 and 610:
APPENDIX. 497 Imports of Merchandis
Page 611:
APPENDIX. 490 Imports and Exports a
Page 614 and 615:
£02 APPENDIX. "\T:I.—STATISTICAL
Page 617 and 618:
Abberley Hills, 104 Abbeyleix, 416
Page 619 and 620:
.romvaril, 118 Broom, Loch, 342, 37
Page 621 and 622:
Dunglow, 424 Dunham Massey, 265 Dun
Page 623 and 624:
Kiiims. 337 Kainrsbiirgh. 315 Kaiit
Page 625 and 626:
Muuh Wenluck, 103 Muich Dhui, Bun,
Page 627 and 628:
SUvermine Mcimtains, 382 Sittingbou
Page 633 and 634:
kliSi^W*!"**^'! IK*
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