The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

EDINBUEGH. 827
Science and Art, modelled upon that of South Kensington, but possessing in
addition a natural-history collection, adjoins it. The observatory on Calton
HiU, by the side of Nelson's unshapely monument and of an incomplete repro-
duction of the Parthenon, intended to commemorate the glories of Waterloo is
a dependency of the university. There are a famous medical school, various
theological colleges, a veterinary college, a high school, Fettes College (richly
endowed), and many other schools in which a classical education, preparatory to
a university career, may be secured. On the " Mound," which connects the old
town with the new, rise two classical structures, namely, the Royal Institution,
with an antiquarian museum and a statue gallery, and the National Gallery of
Paintings. Statues and monuments are numerous in every part of the town,
most prominent being the Gothic canojjy sheltering a seated statue of Sir Walter
Scott. Botanical and zoological gardens still further bear witness to the zeal
which animates the citizens in all that relates to education, and prove that they
are firmly resolved that their city shall deserve its epithet in the future as it
has earned it in the past. Nor is there any lack of charitable institutions.
The Royal Infirmary ; Heriot's Hospital for the Education of Fatherless Boys,
founded by James's " Jingling Geordie ; " and Donaldson's Hospital for Deaf and
Dumb are institutions of which any city might feel proud.
Edinburgh is not a manufacturing town, although in the matter of literary
publications of every kind it may fearlessly take its place by the side of London.
In no other town of Britain are the members of the liberal professions so numerous.
Unfortunately the number of proletarians is as great as in many a factory town,
and the narrow " closes " of the old town hide a popiJation seething in vice, which
ever attends upon misery.
Leith, the maritime suburb of Edinburgh, is a seat of manufactories, where
we meet with foundries, engineering works, breweries, india-rubber and gutta-
percha works, foundries, glass houses, and rope-walks. The harbour, one of the
oldest in Scotland, is protected by two long piers, 3,530 and 3,123 feet in length,
and regiilar steam communication exists between it and Iceland, Denmark,
Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, and the coasts of England and Scotland.
Newhaven, a small fishing village, adjoins Leith, whilst Granton, though only a
mile to the west of it, is an independent port, connected by a steamboat ferry with
Burntisland, in Fife. PortoheUo, thus named by a sailor who had taken part in
the assault upon a town of the same name in America, has grown into favour as a
watering-place. Near it are the Joppa salt works.
Musselburgh, at the mouth of the Esk, spanned by three bridges, of which the
oldest is said to have been constructed by the Romans, who had a camp on
Inveresk Hill, has extensive links, afibrding the best golfing ground near Edin-
burgh. Pinkie House, an interesting mansion, near which the Earl of Hertford
defeated the Scots in 1547, and Carberry HOI, where, in 1567, Queen Mary
surrendered to her insurgent nobles, are in the neighbourhood. Dalkeith, a small
manufacturing town and busy grain market, with collieries near it, lies a few
miles up the river, at the confluence of the Nort^i and South Esk. Close to it