2007 Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings - Minnesota State ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

NONTOXIC AND LEAD SHOT LITERATURE REVIEW Molly A. Tranel and Richard O. Kimmel, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Farmland Wildlife Population and Research Group, 35365 800 th Ave, Madelia, MN 56062, email: richard.kimmel@dnr.state.mn.us, phone 507-642-8478 x 225 The following is: 1) a list of manuscripts relating to lead and nontoxic shot, lead toxicity, lead accumulation in soils and animal tissues, and the impacts of lead shot (and ammunition) on wildlife, humans, and the environment, and 2) summaries of selected manuscripts. This literature review was originally compiled with the help of student interns and appeared as an appendix in the Nontoxic Shot Advisory Committee Report compiled by the Section of Wildlife, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, December 12, 2006 (Nontoxic Shot Advisory Committee 2006). Many of the summaries were written for this report by Roxanne Franke and later appended by Dan Smedberg, student interns from Minnesota State University-Mankato. ****************************************************************************** NONTOXIC AND LEAD SHOT-RELATED MANUSCRIPTS Adler, F.E.W. 1944. Chemical analyses of organs from lead-poisoned Canada geese. Journal of Wildlife Management 8(1):83-85. African-Eurasian Water Bird Agreement (AEMA). 2002. Special Edition: Lead poisoning in waterbirds through the ingestion of spent lead shot. AEMA Newsletter, Special Issue #1. 28 pp. Akoshegyi, I. 1997. Lead poisoning of pheasants caused by lead shots. Magyar Allatorvasok Lapja 119(6):328-336. Ancora, S., N. Bianchi, C. Leonzio, and A. Renzoni. 2008. Heavy metals in flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) from Italian wetlands: The problem of ingestion of lead shot. Environmental Research. In press. Anderson, W.L. 1975. Lead poisoning in waterfowl at Rice Lake, Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Management 39:264-270. Anderson, W.L., and S. P. Havera. 1985. Blood lead, protoporphyrin, and ingested shot for detecting lead poisoning in waterfowl. Wildlife Society Bulletin 13(1):26- 31. (Summary) Anderson, W.L. and S.P. Havera. 1989. Lead poisoning in Illinois waterfowl (1977-1988) and implementation of nontoxic shot regulations. Illinois Natural History Survey Biological Notes 133. Anderson, W.L., S.P. Haverea, and B. W. Zercher. 2000. Ingestion of lead and nontoxic shotgun pellets by ducks in the Mississippi flyway. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:848-857. Ankney, C.D. 1975. Incidence and size of lead shot in lesser snow geese. Wildlife Society Bulletin 3(1):25-26. 116 Ankney, D. 1989. The great lead shot boondoggle. Angler and Hunter, May. 3 pp. ANZECC (Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council). 1994. Report to the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council on alternative shot to lead in hunting. Prepared by NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, April. 32 pp. Artmann, J.W. and E.M. Martin. 1975. Incidence of ingested lead shot in sora rails. Journal of Wildlife Management 39(3):514-519. Averbeck, C. 1990. X-ray investigations of lead shot pellets in the tissues of various species of birds found dead in Northern Germany. Zeitschrift fuer Jagdwissenschaft (Germany, F.R.): 30-42. Bagley, G.E. and L.N. Locke. 1967. The occurrence of lead in tissues of wild birds. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2:297-305. Bagley, G.E., L.N. Locke, and G.T. Nightingale. 1967. Lead poisoning in Canada geese in Delaware. Avian Diseases 11:601-608. Baker, J.L. and R.L. Thompson. 1979. Shot ingestion by waterfowl on National Wildlife Refuges in Florida. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association Fish and Wildlife Agencies 32:256-262. Barrett, M.W., and L.H. Karstad. 1971. A fluorescent erythrocyte test for lead poisoning in waterfowl. Journal of Wildlife Management 35:109-119. Bates, F.Y., D.M. Barnes, and J.M. Higbee. 1968. Lead toxicosis in mallard ducks. Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association 4:116-125.
Battaglia, A., S. Ghidini, G. Campanini, and R. Spaggiari. 2005. Heavy metal contamination in little owl (Athene noctua) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo) from northern Italy. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 60(1):61-66. Baxter, G.S., C. Melzer, D. Byrne, D. Fielder, and R. Loutit. 1998. The prevalence of spent lead shot in wetland sediments and ingested by wild ducks in coastal Queensland. The Sunbird 28(2):21-25. Beck, N. 1997. Lead shot ingestion by the common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) and the jacky snipe (Lymnocryptes minimus) in northwestern France. Gibier Faune Sauvage (France):65-70. Behan, M.J., T.B. Kinraide, and W.I. Selser. 1979. Lead accumulation in aquatic plants from metallic sources including shot. Journal of Wildlife Management 43(1):240-244. Beintema, N. (compiler). 2001. Lead poisoning in waterbirds. International Update Report 2000. African- Eurasian Waterbird Agreement, Technical series No. 3. Accessed Feb. 8, 2007. Available online: http://www.unepaewa.org/surveys/hunting_and_trade/wi_lead_ poison_wbirds_en_2000.pdf (Summary) Beintema, N. (compiler). 2004. Non-toxic shot: A path towards sustainable use of the waterbird resource. African- Eurasian Waterbird Agreement, Technical series No. 3. Accessed Feb. 8, 2007. Available online: http://www.unepaewa.org/publications/technical_series/ts3_non-toxic_shot_english.pdf (Summary) Bellrose, F.C. 1959. Lead poisoning as a mortality factor in waterfowl populations. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 27(1):235-288. (Summary) Bengtson, F.L. 1984. Studies of lead toxicity in Bald eagles at the Lac Qui Parle Wildlife Refuge. Master’s thesis. University of Minnesota. 106 pp. Best, T.L., T.E. Garrison, and C.G. Schmidt. 1992a. Availability and ingestion of lead shot by mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) in southern New Mexico. Southwest Naturalist 37(3):287-292. Best, T.L., T.E. Garrison, and C.G. Schmidt. 1992b. Ingestion of lead pellets by scaled quail (Callieppla squamata) and northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) in southeastern New Mexico. Texas Journal of Science 44:99-107. Beyer, W.N., J.C. Franson, L.N. Locke, R.K. Stroud, and L. Sileo. 1998. Retrospective study of the diagnostic criteria in a leadpoisoning survey of waterfowl. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 35(3):506-512. Beyer, W.N., Heinz, G.H., Redmon-Norwood, A.W. 1996. Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife: Interpreting Tissue Concentrations. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 512 pp. Beyer, W.N., J.W. Spann, L. Sileo, and J.C. Franson. 1988. Lead poisoning in six captive avian species. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17:121-130. Bihrle, C. 1999. Testing new ground- Steel shot study finds facts for pheasant hunters. North Dakota Outdoors Magazine, September-October 1999:1-7. Birkhead, M., and C. Perrins. 1985. The breeding biology of mute swan (Cygnus olor) on the River Thames with special reference to lead poisoning. Biological Conservation 23:1-11. Bjerregaard, P., P. Johansen, G. Mulvad, H.S. Pedersen, and J.C. Hansen. 2004. Lead sources in human diet in Greenland. Environmental Health Perspectives 112(15):1496-1498. (Summary) Bjorn, H., N. Gyrd-Hansen, and I. Kraul. 1982. Birdshooting lead pellets and grazing cattle. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 29:174-176. Blus, L.J. 1994. A review of lead poisoning in swans. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 108(3):259-267. Blus, L.J., C.J. Henry, D.J. Hoffman, and R. A. Grove. 1991. Lead toxicosis in tundra swans near a mining and smelting complex in northern Idaho. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 21:549555. Bowen, J.E. and S.A. Petrie. 2007. Incidence of artifact ingestion in mute swans and tundra swans on the lower Great Lakes, Canada. Ardea 95(1):135–142. Bowles, J.H. 1908. Lead poisoning in ducks. Auk 25(3):312-313. Brand, C.J. 1986. Lead poisoning monitoring program: 1983-84 and 1984-85. Unpublished report. (Research Information Bulletin), National Wildlife Health Laboratory, USFWS, Madison, Wisconsin. Breurec, J.Y., A. Baert, J.P. Anger, and J.P. Curtes. 1998. Unusual diagnosis: non occupational adult lead poisoning. Toxicology Letters 95(1):76. (Summary) Brinzal. 1996. SOS venenos: bu´ho chico. Quercus 124:45. 117 Brister, B. 1992. Steel shot: ballistics and gun barrel effects. Pages 26-28 in D.J. Pain (ed), Lead poisoning in waterfowl. IWRB Special Publication No. 16, Slimbridge, United Kingdom.
Page 1 and 2:
Summaries of Wildlife Research Find
Page 3 and 4:
September 2008 State of Minnesota,
Page 5 and 6:
The value of farm programs for prov
Page 7 and 8:
Understanding variations in autumn
Page 9 and 10:
MANAGING BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN WHI
Page 11 and 12:
3 the lungs or chest cavity that we
Page 15:
" Winter 2007 Deer Removal Location
Page 19 and 20:
METHODS The MNDNR planned to sample
Page 21 and 22:
Table 1. Bird species sampled for h
Page 23:
Table 2 continued. Northern Pintail
Page 27 and 28:
Blood was centrifuged and serum was
Page 29 and 30:
Liver and Lung Culture A total of 1
Page 31 and 32:
Positive results indicate exposure
Page 35 and 36:
ESTIMATING WHITE-TAILED DEER ABUNDA
Page 37 and 38:
or 2 quadrats. As a result, associa
Page 39 and 40:
Table 1. Deer population and densit
Page 41 and 42:
OBJECTIVE • To estimate density a
Page 43 and 44:
35 Figure 1. Locations of trail cam
Page 45 and 46:
EA hunters, identified in MNDNR 200
Page 47 and 48:
percentage of EA hunters harvesting
Page 49 and 50:
Deer harvested per 100 hunters 60 5
Page 51 and 52:
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION INDICE
Page 53 and 54:
following the first listening perio
Page 55:
Table 1. Pheasant crowing and roads
Page 59:
Index (males/stop) 4.00 3.00 2.00 1
Page 62 and 63:
feeders (52%), depredation in cattl
Page 64 and 65:
Table 3. Response for question 3: S
Page 66 and 67:
Table 7. Responses for question 7:
Page 68 and 69:
Table 10. Responses for question 10
Page 70 and 71:
4. Do you need more information on
Page 72 and 73:
EVIDENCE OF WILD TURKEYS IN MINNESO
Page 74 and 75: the upper valleys of the Mississipp
Page 76: 68 Hoy, P. R. 1882. The larger wild
Page 79 and 80: 71 songbirds, lagomorphs, rodents,
Page 81 and 82: 73 (Cleary 1994). The first method
Page 83 and 84: Function #7: Public Relations with
Page 85 and 86: 77 Evrard, J.O. 2000. Overwinter fo
Page 87 and 88: 79 Murphy, R.K., N.F. Payne and R.K
Page 89 and 90: METHODS 81 We selected 36 study are
Page 91 and 92: Hens were relatively abundant durin
Page 93 and 94: 85 Gabbert, A. E., A. P. Leif, J. R
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Pheasant population indice
Page 98 and 99: Pheasants/100 Miles Pheasants/100 M
Page 100 and 101: RESULTS Thirty-six respondents comp
Page 102 and 103: Table 1. Mean rank (1 most importan
Page 104 and 105: EVIDENCE OF LEAD SHOT PROBLEMS FOR
Page 106 and 107: Wildlife Species Ingesting Lead Sho
Page 108 and 109: Michigan Department of Environmenta
Page 110 and 111: 102 Battaglia, A., S. Ghidini, G. C
Page 112 and 113: 104 Friend, M. and J.C. Franson (ed
Page 114 and 115: 106 Lemay, A., P. McNicholl, and R.
Page 116 and 117: 108 Pain, D.J., I. Carter, A.W. Sai
Page 118 and 119: 110 Tsuji, L.S., & N. Nieboer. 1997
Page 120 and 121: SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME REFERENCE L
Page 122 and 123: SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME REFERENCE L
Page 126 and 127: Brown, C.S., J.Luebbert, D. Mulcahy
Page 128 and 129: CWS (Canadian Wildlife Service). 19
Page 130 and 131: European Commission Enterprise Dire
Page 132 and 133: 124 Haldimann, M., A. Baumgartner,
Page 134 and 135: Johansen, P., G. Asmund, and F. Rig
Page 136 and 137: Lance, V.A., T.R. Horn, R.M. Elsey
Page 138 and 139: Mateo, R., M. Rodríguez-de la Cruz
Page 140 and 141: Ochiai, K., T. Kimura, K. Uematsu,
Page 142 and 143: Rocke, T. E., C. J. Brand, and J. G
Page 144 and 145: Sleet, R. B., and J. H. Soares, Jr.
Page 146 and 147: USEPA (United States Environmental
Page 148 and 149: 140 - Reviews the international env
Page 150 and 151: 142 - Summarizes current scientific
Page 152 and 153: 144 Cummings School of Veterinary M
Page 154 and 155: 146 - Lead poisoning of wildlife oc
Page 156 and 157: Lance, V.A., T.R. Horn, R.M. Elsey
Page 158 and 159: 150 Michigan Department of Natural
Page 160 and 161: 152 - Although all visible pellets
Page 162 and 163: 154 Thomas, V. G., and Owen, M. 199
Page 164 and 165: SUPPORT FOR, ATTITUDES TOWARD, AND
Page 166 and 167: Statewide Estimates The study sampl
Page 168 and 169: Table 1: Response rates for each ma
Page 170 and 171: Table 7: Mean beliefs about and eva
Page 172 and 173: Protecting wildlife from lead poiso
Page 174 and 175:
The southern portion of Minnesota i
Page 176 and 177:
Although our domestic sheep weighed
Page 178 and 179:
1 I 'T 'l 170 Figure 1. General loc
Page 180 and 181:
172 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Stu
Page 182 and 183:
Executive Summary The purpose of th
Page 184 and 185:
Table S-1: Gauge of shotgun used mo
Page 186 and 187:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Support for/Oppositio
Page 188 and 189:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Figure S-8: Concern a
Page 190 and 191:
Conclusions 182 These survey result
Page 192 and 193:
184 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Stu
Page 194 and 195:
Acknowledgements This study was a c
Page 196 and 197:
Introduction Study Purpose and Obje
Page 198 and 199:
Bohrnstedt and Mee, 2002, p. 414).
Page 200 and 201:
Section 1: Small Game Hunting Activ
Page 202 and 203:
Table 1-1: Proportion of respondent
Page 204 and 205:
Table 1-7: How often do you hunt wi
Page 206 and 207:
Table 1-13: Involvement in small ga
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Table 1-29: Involvement With and Co
Page 214 and 215:
Section 2: Shotgun and Shot Prefere
Page 216 and 217:
Table 2-4: Gauge of shotgun used mo
Page 218 and 219:
Table 2-10: Type of shot used most
Page 220 and 221:
Table 2-16: Number of boxes of shel
Page 222 and 223:
Table 2-22: Number of boxes of shel
Page 224 and 225:
Section 3: Beliefs, Attitudes, and
Page 226 and 227:
218 Respondents were asked to indic
Page 228 and 229:
Table 3-4: Beliefs about using lead
Page 230 and 231:
Table 3-10: Beliefs about using lea
Page 232 and 233:
Table 3-16: Likelihood that banning
Page 234 and 235:
Table 3-22: Likelihood that banning
Page 236 and 237:
Table 3-28: How good or bad is the
Page 238 and 239:
Table 3-34: How good or bad is the
Page 240 and 241:
Table 3-40: Belief about whether MY
Page 242 and 243:
Table 3-46: Belief about whether TH
Page 244 and 245:
Table 3-52: I want to do what DUCKS
Page 246 and 247:
Section 4: Trust in the Minnesota D
Page 248 and 249:
Media Resources Table 4-4: Trust in
Page 250 and 251:
Media Resources Table 4-10: Trust a
Page 252 and 253:
Media Resources Table 4-16: Trust a
Page 254 and 255:
Section 5: Environmental Values Env
Page 256 and 257:
Table 5-5: Environmental values: Th
Page 258 and 259:
Table 5-13: Environmental values: H
Page 260 and 261:
Table 5-19: I am concerned about en
Page 262 and 263:
References Cited Dillman, D. (2000)
Page 264 and 265:
Appendix A: Survey Instrument Small
Page 266 and 267:
Q4. How many boxes of shells (25 to
Page 268 and 269:
Nationwide there is concern about t
Page 270 and 271:
Q16. Next we would like to know how
Page 272 and 273:
Q18. Next we would like to know how
Page 274 and 275:
Q 21. People are generally concerne
Page 276 and 277:
268 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Com
Page 278 and 279:
Acknowledgements 270 This study was
Page 280 and 281:
Nationwide there is concern about t
Page 282 and 283:
Figure S-2: Perceived narrative qua
Page 284 and 285:
Figure S-5: Agreement with message
Page 286 and 287:
Figure S-9: Importance of self-dire
Page 288 and 289:
Conclusions 280 Our results suggest
Page 290 and 291:
282 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Com
Page 292 and 293:
Acknowledgements 284 This study was
Page 294 and 295:
Introduction Study Purpose and Obje
Page 296 and 297:
Games-Howell post-hoc test over oth
Page 298 and 299:
Section 1: Message Quality Responde
Page 300 and 301:
Section 1: Message Quality Table 1-
Page 302 and 303:
Section 1: Message Quality Figure 1
Page 304 and 305:
Section 2: Factual Versus Narrative
Page 306 and 307:
Section 2: Factual Versus Narrative
Page 308 and 309:
Section 3: Message Involvement Tabl
Page 310 and 311:
Section 3: Message Involvement Tabl
Page 312 and 313:
Section 4: Message Evaluation Table
Page 314 and 315:
Section 4: Message Evaluation Table
Page 316 and 317:
Section 5: Agreement With Message R
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Section 6: Values Table 6-1: How im
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
324 Section 7: Background Informati
Page 334 and 335:
Section 7: Background Information T
Page 336 and 337:
Section 8: Model Development Based
Page 338 and 339:
References Cited Areni, C. S. (2003
Page 340 and 341:
Appendix C: Treatment Messages Cont
Page 342 and 343:
Appendix C: Treatment Messages Trea
Page 344 and 345:
Appendix C: Treatment Messages 336
Page 346 and 347:
Appendix D: Survey Instrument Q1. P
Page 348 and 349:
Appendix D: Survey Instrument Q5. W
Page 350 and 351:
Appendix D: Survey Instrument BACKG
Page 352 and 353:
Appendix D: Survey Instrument Thank
Page 354 and 355:
MOOSE POPULATION DYNAMICS IN NORTHE
Page 356 and 357:
aerial survey. Manuscripts discussi
Page 358 and 359:
The complete HCP describes in some
Page 360 and 361:
Table 1. Incidents of Canada lynx t
Page 364 and 365:
ECOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF
Page 366 and 367:
Trapping We trapped in the NW study
Page 368 and 369:
Table 1. Causes of mortality of rad
Page 370 and 371:
Table 5. Black bear cubs examined i
Page 372 and 373:
Bone growth and weight gain were de
Page 374 and 375:
FISHER AND MARTEN DEMOGRAPHY AND HA
Page 376 and 377:
(fisher: 30 mg/kg ketamine and 3 mg
Page 378 and 379:
We also deployed a Reconyx PC85 rem
Page 380 and 381:
372 Olson, C. 2006. 2005 small mamm
Page 382 and 383:
Figure 1. Fisher and marten study a
Page 384 and 385:
may benefit management programs for
Page 386 and 387:
378 area that were accessible by pu
Page 388 and 389:
Table 1. A priori models for explai
Page 390:
Table 3. Parameter estimates averag
Page 393 and 394:
Probability of occupancy 1.0 0.8 0.
Page 395 and 396:
IDENTIFYING PLOTS FOR SURVEYS OF SH
Page 397 and 398:
ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP OF CONIF
Page 399 and 400:
preliminary descriptions of seasona
Page 401 and 402:
head/neck position on collar perfor
Page 403 and 404:
395 White-tailed deer ecology and m
Page 405 and 406:
Number of missed locations 45 40 35
Page 407 and 408:
MANAGEMENT-FOCUSED RESEARCH NEEDS O
Page 409 and 410:
egions ranked forest stand improvem
Page 411 and 412:
Table 2. Forest management activiti
Page 413 and 414:
Table 3. Forest management activiti
Page 415 and 416:
Table 3 continued. 407 Fire break d
Page 417 and 418:
Appendix 1. Survey of management-fo
Page 419 and 420:
Percent agreed needs evaluation (%)
Page 421 and 422:
TABLE OF CONTENTS 413 EXECUTIVE SUM
Page 423 and 424:
415 remain intact. New biological c
Page 425 and 426:
1. INTRODUCTION The most comprehens
Page 427 and 428:
• melting sea ice reduces the Ear
Page 429 and 430:
• With precipitation concentrated
Page 431 and 432:
oomers begin to pass their 85 th bi
Page 433 and 434:
3. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LAN
Page 435 and 436:
Currie (2001) and Hansen et al. (20
Page 437 and 438:
Prairie Parkland (Figure 1, MNDNR 2
Page 439 and 440:
undulating plains with deep glacial
Page 441 and 442:
433 If conditions in the Laurentian
Page 443 and 444:
435 carbon pool and should not be o
Page 445 and 446:
Animal species associated with mesi
Page 447 and 448:
increase the primary productivity o
Page 449 and 450:
Warmer, drier conditions could excl
Page 451 and 452:
443 hydroperiods for temporary wetl
Page 453 and 454:
The Minnesota Department of Natural
Page 455 and 456:
taken to manage the unavoidable imp
Page 457 and 458:
• Dedicate 1 new FTE position at
Page 459 and 460:
contributions to shallow lake eutro
Page 461 and 462:
Busby, W. H., and W. R. Brecheisen.
Page 463 and 464:
III to the Fourth Assessment Report
Page 465 and 466:
MNDNR. 2005b. Field guide to the na
Page 467 and 468:
Poiani, K. A., W. C. Johnson, and T
Page 469 and 470:
Westcott, P. C. 2007. U.S. ethanol
Page 471 and 472:
463 Northern Southern Eastern Weste
Page 473 and 474:
Scientific Name Common Name LMF Pro
Page 475 and 476:
Horned grebe Podiceps auritus Louis
Page 477 and 478:
MINNESOTA’S RING-NECKED DUCK BREE
Page 479 and 480:
Estimated Pair Density Mean pair de
Page 481 and 482:
LITERATURE CITED 473 SAS. 1999. SAS
Page 483 and 484:
Table 2. Sampling rates by Ecologic
Page 485 and 486:
Table 4. Estimated indicated breedi
Page 487 and 488:
479
Page 489 and 490:
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
Page 491 and 492:
MOVEMENTS, SURVIVAL, AND REFUGE USE
Page 493 and 494:
prior to hunting season were simila
Page 495 and 496:
Figure 1. Ring-necked duck study ar
Page 497 and 498:
INFLUENCE OF FISH, AGRICULTURE, AND
Page 499 and 500:
Mechanisms structuring characterist
Page 501 and 502:
Chemical Properties and Water Quali
Page 503 and 504:
Submerged Aquatic Plants Submerged
Page 505 and 506:
At a broad scale, wetland and shall
Page 507 and 508:
Table 1. Relative abundance (mean w
Page 509 and 510:
Number of Fish 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 511 and 512:
Total # Captured a) 50 40 30 20 10
Page 513 and 514:
Relative Units 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a)
Page 515 and 516:
THRESHOLDS AND STABILITY OF ALTERNA
Page 517 and 518:
MANAGEMENT-FOCUSED RESEARCH NEEDS O
Page 519 and 520:
Table 1. Survey questions for wetla
Page 521 and 522:
VARIANCE OF STRATIFIED SURVEY ESTIM
Page 523 and 524:
EXPLORING MIGRATION DATA USING INTE
Page 525 and 526:
Forest Research Group Publications
Page 527:
Roy Nielsen, C., and C. K. Nielsen.
show all

2007 Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings - Minnesota State ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?