2007 Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings - Minnesota State ...

Wild turkeys were found in the river valleys of the Mississippi, Minnesota, Rock, and Des
Moines Rivers. Based upon maps of Minnesota’s pre-settlement vegetation, wild turkey habitat
was found in these areas of Minnesota (Marschner 1974).
Several authors have drawn the northern extent of wild turkey’s ancestral line to include
southern Minnesota (Leopold 1931, Mosby 1949, Mosby 1959, Eaton 1992, Wunz 1992).
Schorger’s (1966) version of the wild turkey northern ancestral line contained only southeastern
Minnesota. Leopold’s (1931) version covered only southwestern Minnesota, although he noted
sightings in southeastern Minnesota.
We project the northern ancestral line for wild turkeys in Minnesota in Figure 1, based
on 6 wild turkey sightings from 1680, 1766, 1773, 1850, 1863, and 1871 in southern Minnesota
(Hennepin 1680, Carver 1766, Pond 177, Roberts 1919, Leopold 1931, Roberts 1932). The
wild turkey sightings in Pine County, Minnesota and Burnett County, Wisconsin, while noted in
Figure 1, are assumed unreliable, based on qualifications in the original documents as noted
earlier in this report. Connor (1804) and Ewen (1983) provided evidence that wild turkeys could
have existed as far north as Pine County, Minnesota around the early 1800s. Some authors
doubt the reliability of these references because the nomenclature that was used for wild
turkeys in historical writing is confusing. If wild turkeys were found this far north, they were
probably very rare and likely moved up the Mississippi River Valley and the St. Croix River
Valley during mild winters and later killed off during winters with deep and persistent snow
cover.
Since the exact location of the 1773 sighting in Figure 1 is unknown, the northern
ancestral line includes a large portion of the Minnesota and Mississippi River Valleys (Figure 1).
Based on the pre-settlement vegetation (Marschner 1974) and Pond’s (1773) journal, there was
suitable wild turkey habitat found along the Mississippi River to the Minneapolis/St. Paul region
and south along the Minnesota River. Wild turkeys could have been found along the Minnesota
River from the Minneapolis/St. Paul region south to Mankato.
LITERATURE CITED
67
Aldrich, J. W. 1967a. Historical background. Pages 3-16 in O. H. Hewitt, editor, The wild
turkey and its management. The Wildlife Society, Washington D.C.
Aldrich, J. W. 1967b. Taxonomy, distribution and present status. Pages 17-44 in O. H. Hewitt,
editor, The wild turkey and its management. The Wildlife Society, Washington D.C.
Carver, J. 1766. Travels through the interior parts of North America, in the years 1766, 1767,
and 1768. Ross & Haines, Minneapolis, Minnesota, reprinted and copyrighted in 1956.
Connor, T. 1804. The diary of Thomas Connor. Pages 249-278 in C. M. Gates, editor, Five fur
traders of the northwest. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota,
reprinted and copyrighted in 1933.
Eaton, S. W. 1992. Wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). No. 22 in A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and
F. Gill, editors, The birds of North America. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington
D.C.; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Evrard, J. O. 1993. Were wild turkeys found historically in northwest Wisconsin? Transactions
of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters (81):59-63.
Ewen, C. R. 1983. Fur trade zooarchaeology: a faunal interpretation of two wintering posts in
northwestern Wisconsin. M.A. Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
Froiland, S. G. 1990. Natural history of the Black Hills and Badlands. Center for Western
Studies, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
Green, J. C. and R. B. Janssen. 1975. Minnesota birds: where, when and how many.
University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Hatch, P. L. 1892. Notes on the birds of Minnesota. Pages 169-170 in H. F. Nachtrieb, First
report of the state zoologist. Harrison and Smith Printers, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Hennepin, L. 1698. A new discovery of vast country in America …edition. Bentley, Tonson,
Bonwick, Goodwin, and Manship, London, England. Accessed in microfiche.