2007 Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings - Minnesota State ...

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Executive Summary The purpose of this study was to provide information about small game hunter perceptions and knowledge of using toxic/non-toxic shot and help identify appropriate message points for information and education programs addressing the issue of restricting the use of lead shot. Specific objectives of this study were to: 1. Identify levels of use of lead and non-toxic shot in the farmland zone by small game hunters; 2. Identify attitudes toward restrictions on toxic shot; 3. Identify support/opposition for restrictions on the use of toxic shot; 4. Identify the key beliefs affecting attitudes toward restrictions on toxic shot; 5. Identify the influence of conservation/stewardship values in shaping attitudes and beliefs about restricting the use of toxic shot; 6. Develop and test the effectiveness of targeted messages in changing attitude, beliefs, and behaviors concerning restrictions on the use of toxic shot. In order to address objectives 1 - 5, a mail survey was distributed to 2,000 small game hunters, including 800 from the seven-county Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area and 1,200 from nonmetropolitan counties. Nine hundred and twenty surveys were returned for an adjusted overall response rate of 47.5%. This summary provides a review of results related to the first five objectives. The sixth objective will be summarized separately. In addition, we provide information about hunter participation and involvement, and hunter trust in the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and media outlets. Hunter Participation and Involvement Nearly three-fourths of respondents (72.0%) had hunted for small game in the Minnesota farmland zone during the past 5 years. Over half of respondents reported that they typically hunted for pheasant (67.8%) or grouse (58.3%), while one-fourth or fewer respondents typically hunted for woodcock, snipe or rail, dove, rabbits, or squirrel in Minnesota (Figure S-1). Over half of respondents hunted for pheasant in the farmland zone of Minnesota (Figure S-2). On average, respondents had been hunting small game in the Minnesota farmland zone for 21.4 years. About 174 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Figure S-1: Proportion of respondents, statewide, who typically hunt for different types of small game 67.8% 58.3% 12.6% Pheasant Grouse Woodcock Snipe/rail Dove Rabbits Squirrel 3.2% 10.6% % who typically hunt 24.0% 24.5% S-2: Proportion of respondents who typically hunt for different types of small game in the farmland zone 59.9% 15.7% Pheasant Grouse Woodcock Snipe/rail Dove Rabbits Squirrel 3.8% 2.1% 9.3% 17.0% 17.8% % who typically hunt in the farmland zone
half of respondents reported frequently or always hunting with a dog, and about 60% of respondents reported hunting with children under age 12 at least some of the time. Respondents rated items designed to measure their involvement with small game hunting. Researchers have conceptualized leisure involvement as multidimensional. Leisure involvement may include knowledge of the activity, the centrality or importance of the activity to ones lifestyle, identity or self expression related to participation in the activity, and the general importance of the activity. Respondents rated items related to knowledge, importance, and identity higher than the centrality of the activity (Figure S-8). Shot and Shotguns Used for Small-Game Hunting 5 4 3 2 1 Figure S-3: Hunter involvement ratings 3.2 4.2 Mean level of agreement 3.7 3.9 Centrality Knowledge Identity Importance Survey recipients were asked if they always, mostly, occasionally, or never used lead shot for hunting small game. Over 60% of respondents used non-toxic (i.e. non-lead) shot at least some of the time when hunting for small game (Figure S-4). A slightly greater proportion of respondents who had hunted in the farmland zone in the past 5 years (14.2%) reported that they never used lead shot (χ 2 = 12.09, p < 0.01). The majority of respondents reported using lead shot (compared to steel, bismuth or other) most often when targeting specific types of small game. However, use of lead shot varied depending on the game hunted. Nearly 4 in 10 respondents used non-toxic shot to hunt pheasants or snipe, but less than 2 in 10 used non-toxic shot to hunt grouse or woodcock. In general respondents reported using less than one box of shot per season for hunting each type of small game. The Figure S-4: Proportion of respondents who use lead majority of respondents reported shot for small game hunting that they bought loaded shotgun shells (94.1%) compared to self- 100.0% loading shells. On average, 80.0% respondents had 10 boxes of loaded shotgun shells on hand. 60.0% 40.0% 175 37.9% 28.8% Respondents reported using 12- 19.8% gauge shotguns most often to hunt different types of small game (Table 20.0% 13.6% S-1). Use of 12-gauge shotguns 0.0% ranged from about half of respondents for hunting squirrel and % who ___ use lead rabbits to about three-fourths for hunting snipe/rail or dove, to nearly 90% for hunting pheasants. A substantive proportion of respondents reported using 20-gauge shotguns, with use ranging from 9.8% of respondents for hunting pheasant to 29.3% for hunting woodcock. Respondents also reported use of .410 gauge for hunting rabbits (18.7%) and squirrel (26.5%). Less than 10% of respondents indicated using .410 gauge for hunting other types of small game. Less than 5% of respondents reported using 28-gauge, 16-gauge, or 10-gauge shotguns for hunting small game. Always Mostly Occasionally Never
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Summaries of Wildlife Research Find
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September 2008 State of Minnesota,
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The value of farm programs for prov
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Understanding variations in autumn
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MANAGING BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN WHI
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3 the lungs or chest cavity that we
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" Winter 2007 Deer Removal Location
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METHODS The MNDNR planned to sample
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Table 1. Bird species sampled for h
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Table 2 continued. Northern Pintail
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Blood was centrifuged and serum was
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Liver and Lung Culture A total of 1
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Positive results indicate exposure
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ESTIMATING WHITE-TAILED DEER ABUNDA
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or 2 quadrats. As a result, associa
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Table 1. Deer population and densit
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OBJECTIVE • To estimate density a
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35 Figure 1. Locations of trail cam
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EA hunters, identified in MNDNR 200
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percentage of EA hunters harvesting
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Deer harvested per 100 hunters 60 5
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FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION INDICE
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following the first listening perio
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Table 1. Pheasant crowing and roads
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Index (males/stop) 4.00 3.00 2.00 1
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feeders (52%), depredation in cattl
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Table 3. Response for question 3: S
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Table 7. Responses for question 7:
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Table 10. Responses for question 10
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4. Do you need more information on
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EVIDENCE OF WILD TURKEYS IN MINNESO
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the upper valleys of the Mississipp
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68 Hoy, P. R. 1882. The larger wild
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71 songbirds, lagomorphs, rodents,
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73 (Cleary 1994). The first method
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Function #7: Public Relations with
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77 Evrard, J.O. 2000. Overwinter fo
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79 Murphy, R.K., N.F. Payne and R.K
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METHODS 81 We selected 36 study are
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Hens were relatively abundant durin
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85 Gabbert, A. E., A. P. Leif, J. R
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Table 3. Pheasant population indice
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Pheasants/100 Miles Pheasants/100 M
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RESULTS Thirty-six respondents comp
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Table 1. Mean rank (1 most importan
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EVIDENCE OF LEAD SHOT PROBLEMS FOR
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Wildlife Species Ingesting Lead Sho
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Michigan Department of Environmenta
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102 Battaglia, A., S. Ghidini, G. C
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104 Friend, M. and J.C. Franson (ed
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106 Lemay, A., P. McNicholl, and R.
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108 Pain, D.J., I. Carter, A.W. Sai
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110 Tsuji, L.S., & N. Nieboer. 1997
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SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME REFERENCE L
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SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME REFERENCE L
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NONTOXIC AND LEAD SHOT LITERATURE R
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Brown, C.S., J.Luebbert, D. Mulcahy
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CWS (Canadian Wildlife Service). 19
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European Commission Enterprise Dire
Page 132 and 133: 124 Haldimann, M., A. Baumgartner,
Page 134 and 135: Johansen, P., G. Asmund, and F. Rig
Page 136 and 137: Lance, V.A., T.R. Horn, R.M. Elsey
Page 138 and 139: Mateo, R., M. Rodríguez-de la Cruz
Page 140 and 141: Ochiai, K., T. Kimura, K. Uematsu,
Page 142 and 143: Rocke, T. E., C. J. Brand, and J. G
Page 144 and 145: Sleet, R. B., and J. H. Soares, Jr.
Page 146 and 147: USEPA (United States Environmental
Page 148 and 149: 140 - Reviews the international env
Page 150 and 151: 142 - Summarizes current scientific
Page 152 and 153: 144 Cummings School of Veterinary M
Page 154 and 155: 146 - Lead poisoning of wildlife oc
Page 156 and 157: Lance, V.A., T.R. Horn, R.M. Elsey
Page 158 and 159: 150 Michigan Department of Natural
Page 160 and 161: 152 - Although all visible pellets
Page 162 and 163: 154 Thomas, V. G., and Owen, M. 199
Page 164 and 165: SUPPORT FOR, ATTITUDES TOWARD, AND
Page 166 and 167: Statewide Estimates The study sampl
Page 168 and 169: Table 1: Response rates for each ma
Page 170 and 171: Table 7: Mean beliefs about and eva
Page 172 and 173: Protecting wildlife from lead poiso
Page 174 and 175: The southern portion of Minnesota i
Page 176 and 177: Although our domestic sheep weighed
Page 178 and 179: 1 I 'T 'l 170 Figure 1. General loc
Page 180 and 181: 172 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Stu
Page 184 and 185: Table S-1: Gauge of shotgun used mo
Page 186 and 187: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Support for/Oppositio
Page 188 and 189: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Figure S-8: Concern a
Page 190 and 191: Conclusions 182 These survey result
Page 192 and 193: 184 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Stu
Page 194 and 195: Acknowledgements This study was a c
Page 196 and 197: Introduction Study Purpose and Obje
Page 198 and 199: Bohrnstedt and Mee, 2002, p. 414).
Page 200 and 201: Section 1: Small Game Hunting Activ
Page 202 and 203: Table 1-1: Proportion of respondent
Page 204 and 205: Table 1-7: How often do you hunt wi
Page 206 and 207: Table 1-13: Involvement in small ga
Page 212 and 213: Table 1-29: Involvement With and Co
Page 214 and 215: Section 2: Shotgun and Shot Prefere
Page 216 and 217: Table 2-4: Gauge of shotgun used mo
Page 218 and 219: Table 2-10: Type of shot used most
Page 220 and 221: Table 2-16: Number of boxes of shel
Page 222 and 223: Table 2-22: Number of boxes of shel
Page 224 and 225: Section 3: Beliefs, Attitudes, and
Page 226 and 227: 218 Respondents were asked to indic
Page 228 and 229: Table 3-4: Beliefs about using lead
Page 230 and 231: Table 3-10: Beliefs about using lea
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Table 3-16: Likelihood that banning
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Table 3-22: Likelihood that banning
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Table 3-28: How good or bad is the
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Table 3-34: How good or bad is the
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Table 3-40: Belief about whether MY
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Table 3-46: Belief about whether TH
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Table 3-52: I want to do what DUCKS
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Section 4: Trust in the Minnesota D
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Media Resources Table 4-4: Trust in
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Media Resources Table 4-10: Trust a
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Media Resources Table 4-16: Trust a
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Section 5: Environmental Values Env
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Table 5-5: Environmental values: Th
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Table 5-13: Environmental values: H
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Table 5-19: I am concerned about en
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References Cited Dillman, D. (2000)
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Appendix A: Survey Instrument Small
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Q4. How many boxes of shells (25 to
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Nationwide there is concern about t
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Q16. Next we would like to know how
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Q18. Next we would like to know how
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Q 21. People are generally concerne
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268 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Com
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Acknowledgements 270 This study was
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Nationwide there is concern about t
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Figure S-2: Perceived narrative qua
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Figure S-5: Agreement with message
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Figure S-9: Importance of self-dire
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Conclusions 280 Our results suggest
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282 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Com
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Acknowledgements 284 This study was
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Introduction Study Purpose and Obje
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Games-Howell post-hoc test over oth
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Section 1: Message Quality Responde
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Section 1: Message Quality Table 1-
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Section 1: Message Quality Figure 1
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Section 2: Factual Versus Narrative
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Section 2: Factual Versus Narrative
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Section 3: Message Involvement Tabl
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Section 3: Message Involvement Tabl
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Section 4: Message Evaluation Table
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Section 4: Message Evaluation Table
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Section 5: Agreement With Message R
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Section 6: Values Table 6-1: How im
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324 Section 7: Background Informati
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Section 7: Background Information T
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Section 8: Model Development Based
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References Cited Areni, C. S. (2003
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Appendix C: Treatment Messages Cont
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Appendix C: Treatment Messages Trea
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Appendix C: Treatment Messages 336
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Appendix D: Survey Instrument Q1. P
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Appendix D: Survey Instrument Q5. W
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Appendix D: Survey Instrument BACKG
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Appendix D: Survey Instrument Thank
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MOOSE POPULATION DYNAMICS IN NORTHE
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aerial survey. Manuscripts discussi
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The complete HCP describes in some
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Table 1. Incidents of Canada lynx t
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ECOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF
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Trapping We trapped in the NW study
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Table 1. Causes of mortality of rad
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Table 5. Black bear cubs examined i
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Bone growth and weight gain were de
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FISHER AND MARTEN DEMOGRAPHY AND HA
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(fisher: 30 mg/kg ketamine and 3 mg
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We also deployed a Reconyx PC85 rem
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372 Olson, C. 2006. 2005 small mamm
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Figure 1. Fisher and marten study a
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may benefit management programs for
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378 area that were accessible by pu
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Table 1. A priori models for explai
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Table 3. Parameter estimates averag
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Probability of occupancy 1.0 0.8 0.
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IDENTIFYING PLOTS FOR SURVEYS OF SH
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ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP OF CONIF
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preliminary descriptions of seasona
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head/neck position on collar perfor
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395 White-tailed deer ecology and m
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Number of missed locations 45 40 35
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MANAGEMENT-FOCUSED RESEARCH NEEDS O
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egions ranked forest stand improvem
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Table 2. Forest management activiti
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Table 3. Forest management activiti
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Table 3 continued. 407 Fire break d
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Appendix 1. Survey of management-fo
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Percent agreed needs evaluation (%)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 413 EXECUTIVE SUM
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415 remain intact. New biological c
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1. INTRODUCTION The most comprehens
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• melting sea ice reduces the Ear
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• With precipitation concentrated
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oomers begin to pass their 85 th bi
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3. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LAN
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Currie (2001) and Hansen et al. (20
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Prairie Parkland (Figure 1, MNDNR 2
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undulating plains with deep glacial
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433 If conditions in the Laurentian
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435 carbon pool and should not be o
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Animal species associated with mesi
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increase the primary productivity o
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Warmer, drier conditions could excl
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443 hydroperiods for temporary wetl
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The Minnesota Department of Natural
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taken to manage the unavoidable imp
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• Dedicate 1 new FTE position at
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contributions to shallow lake eutro
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Busby, W. H., and W. R. Brecheisen.
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III to the Fourth Assessment Report
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MNDNR. 2005b. Field guide to the na
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Poiani, K. A., W. C. Johnson, and T
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Westcott, P. C. 2007. U.S. ethanol
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463 Northern Southern Eastern Weste
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Scientific Name Common Name LMF Pro
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Horned grebe Podiceps auritus Louis
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MINNESOTA’S RING-NECKED DUCK BREE
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Estimated Pair Density Mean pair de
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LITERATURE CITED 473 SAS. 1999. SAS
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Table 2. Sampling rates by Ecologic
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Table 4. Estimated indicated breedi
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479
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# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
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MOVEMENTS, SURVIVAL, AND REFUGE USE
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prior to hunting season were simila
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Figure 1. Ring-necked duck study ar
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INFLUENCE OF FISH, AGRICULTURE, AND
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Mechanisms structuring characterist
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Chemical Properties and Water Quali
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Submerged Aquatic Plants Submerged
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At a broad scale, wetland and shall
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Table 1. Relative abundance (mean w
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Number of Fish 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
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Total # Captured a) 50 40 30 20 10
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Relative Units 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a)
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THRESHOLDS AND STABILITY OF ALTERNA
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MANAGEMENT-FOCUSED RESEARCH NEEDS O
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Table 1. Survey questions for wetla
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VARIANCE OF STRATIFIED SURVEY ESTIM
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EXPLORING MIGRATION DATA USING INTE
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Forest Research Group Publications
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Roy Nielsen, C., and C. K. Nielsen.
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