2007 Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings - Minnesota State ...

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EVALUATING THE EFFECTS AN EARLY ANTLERLESS-ONLY DEER HUNTING SEASON HAS ON ANTLERLESS HARVESTS Marrett Grund SUMMARY OF FINDINGS I examined white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvest data associated with an early antlerless-only (EA) season offered in Minnesota. Individuals who purchased an early antlerless-only license had higher harvest success rates than hunters who did not purchase an early antlerless-only license. A higher percentage of early antlerless-only hunters also harvested multiple antlerless deer. Antlerless harvests associated with early antlerless-only hunters were approximately 300% higher than harvests associated with other hunters. I concluded that including an early antlerless-only season would increase the antlerless harvest. However, total antlerless harvest did not substantially increase because of very low hunter participation in the early antlerless-only season. I suggest conducting additional hunter surveys to assess why hunters have not participated in the early antlerless-only season and to determine methods to increase participation. INTRODUCTION Deer densities are above population goal levels in approximately half of Minnesota. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) liberalized deer hunting regulations over the past 10 years in attempt to increase antlerless harvests thereby reducing deer densities. However, deer densities continued to increase in many permit areas despite the liberal hunting regulations. In 2005, MNDNR initiated a research project to evaluate alternative hunting regulations that may further increase antlerless harvests (Grund et al. 2005). An EA hunting season was 1 of the regulations tested in this experiment. The concept of an EA season is to provide hunters with an additional opportunity to harvest an antlerless deer prior to the regular firearms season. Hunter participation in the EA season is voluntary, and previous research indicated that approximately 60% of deer hunters would hunt in an EA season if offered in the permit area they normally hunt (Fulton et al. 2006). A concern of MNDNR about the EA season was that hunters who were successful at harvesting an antlerless deer during the EA season would be less likely to harvest antlerless deer during other hunting seasons (herein referred to as Non-EA seasons). Thus, the potential existed that the EA season would simply shift antlerless harvest from 1 season to another and therefore EA harvest would not be additive to the overall harvest. This paper evaluates harvest patterns associated with the first 3 years of EA hunting seasons to address the compensatory/additive harvest concern. OBJECTIVES METHODS 36 ● Compare harvest patterns of hunters participating in the EA season against those hunters who did not participate. An EA season was offered in 5 permit areas in northwestern Minnesota and 3 permit areas in the north metro region of Minnesota during 2005, 2006, and 2007. EA seasons were offered in an additional 15 permit areas during 2007. The EA season was held the second weekend of October each year. Participating hunters were required to purchase an EA license at a reduced cost.
EA hunters, identified in MNDNR 2005, 2006, and 2007 Electronic Licensing System (ELS) databases, were categorized according to their respective permit areas. Individuals who purchased regular firearms licenses in the same permit areas, but did not purchase an EA hunting license (Non-EA hunters), were also identified in each database. All analyses were performed on 8 permit areas (209, 210, 225, 227, 236, 256, 257, and 260) that held an EA season since 2005, and on 8 permit areas (214, 221, 222, 241, 243, 244, 346, and 349) that implemented an EA season in 2007. For the 8 permit areas hunted since 2005, I tallied the number of EA and Non-EA hunters each year. I then used the ELS deer harvest database to identify the number of EA hunters who harvested 0, 1, or 2 deer in each permit area during the EA season (bag limit was 2 antlerless deer during the EA season). I also determined the number of EA hunters who also harvested 0, 1, 2, or >2 antlerless deer during Non-EA seasons (annual bag limit was 5 antlerless deer). For making comparisons to Non-EA hunters, I used the ELS deer harvest database to determine the number of Non-EA hunters who harvested 0, 1, 2, and >2 antlerless deer each year. I then conducted a simple frequency analysis to estimate the percentage of individuals who harvested 0, 1, 2, and >2 deer for each group of hunters. To compare harvest efficiency between groups, I projected numeric antlerless harvests by standardizing the number of hunters in each group. I simply assumed there were 100 individuals hunting in each group and projected the numeric antlerless harvest based on the proportion of hunters who harvested 0, 1, 2, and >2 deer to standardize the results and make comparisons between the groups of hunters. Similar analyses were performed on the 8 permit areas that were added in 2007. The primary difference was that I first identified the hunters who purchased an EA hunting license in 2007, and calculated the number of hunters who harvested 0, 1, 2, and >2 antlerless deer in all deer hunting seasons (EA and Non-EA) in 2007. I then identified the same individuals in the 2005 and 2006 ELS harvest databases and calculated the number of individuals harvesting 0, 1, 2, and >2 antlerless deer during those years. I then identified hunters who did not purchase an EA license in those 8 permit areas during 2007 and performed the same analyses. By conducting this analysis, I was able to identify whether an individual hunter harvested a deer in 2007 and then determine if the same individual also harvested a deer in 2005 or 2006. I compared harvest efficiency between groups of hunters and across years to determine if the EA season increased the overall number of antlerless deer killed during all hunting seasons. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Participation Rates 37 For the 8 permit areas with EA hunting since 2005, hunter participation rates in the EA hunting season was low in all permit areas, averaging 14%, 16%, and 16% in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. Participation rates in the northwest Minnesota permit areas were comparable to those observed in the north metro permit areas. These observed participation rates were noticeably lower than the predicted participation rates (60%), which were based on hunter survey data collected before the season was offered in 2005 (Fulton et al. 2006). Similarly, participation rates were generally low in the 8 permit areas where an EA season was first offered in 2007. Participation rates were somewhat higher in permit areas located in central Minnesota (range=20-23% participation) than in southeastern Minnesota permit areas (range=13-15% participation). An opportunity exists to increase the antlerless harvest during the EA season by increasing the percentage of hunters participating in the EA season. Additional modifications to the EA season may provide incentives for additional hunters to participate in this season. For example, previous survey data indicate that the ability to harvest an antlered deer is an important factor for hunters to support a regulation (Fulton et al. 2006). Perhaps allowing an individual to hunt antlered deer after registering 2 antlerless deer would increase hunter
Page 1 and 2: Summaries of Wildlife Research Find
Page 3 and 4: September 2008 State of Minnesota,
Page 5 and 6: The value of farm programs for prov
Page 7 and 8: Understanding variations in autumn
Page 9 and 10: MANAGING BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN WHI
Page 11 and 12: 3 the lungs or chest cavity that we
Page 15: " Winter 2007 Deer Removal Location
Page 19 and 20: METHODS The MNDNR planned to sample
Page 21 and 22: Table 1. Bird species sampled for h
Page 23: Table 2 continued. Northern Pintail
Page 27 and 28: Blood was centrifuged and serum was
Page 29 and 30: Liver and Lung Culture A total of 1
Page 31 and 32: Positive results indicate exposure
Page 35 and 36: ESTIMATING WHITE-TAILED DEER ABUNDA
Page 37 and 38: or 2 quadrats. As a result, associa
Page 39 and 40: Table 1. Deer population and densit
Page 41 and 42: OBJECTIVE • To estimate density a
Page 43: 35 Figure 1. Locations of trail cam
Page 47 and 48: percentage of EA hunters harvesting
Page 49 and 50: Deer harvested per 100 hunters 60 5
Page 51 and 52: FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION INDICE
Page 53 and 54: following the first listening perio
Page 55: Table 1. Pheasant crowing and roads
Page 59: Index (males/stop) 4.00 3.00 2.00 1
Page 62 and 63: feeders (52%), depredation in cattl
Page 64 and 65: Table 3. Response for question 3: S
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Page 68 and 69: Table 10. Responses for question 10
Page 70 and 71: 4. Do you need more information on
Page 72 and 73: EVIDENCE OF WILD TURKEYS IN MINNESO
Page 74 and 75: the upper valleys of the Mississipp
Page 76: 68 Hoy, P. R. 1882. The larger wild
Page 79 and 80: 71 songbirds, lagomorphs, rodents,
Page 81 and 82: 73 (Cleary 1994). The first method
Page 83 and 84: Function #7: Public Relations with
Page 85 and 86: 77 Evrard, J.O. 2000. Overwinter fo
Page 87 and 88: 79 Murphy, R.K., N.F. Payne and R.K
Page 89 and 90: METHODS 81 We selected 36 study are
Page 91 and 92: Hens were relatively abundant durin
Page 93 and 94: 85 Gabbert, A. E., A. P. Leif, J. R
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Table 3. Pheasant population indice
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Pheasants/100 Miles Pheasants/100 M
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RESULTS Thirty-six respondents comp
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Table 1. Mean rank (1 most importan
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EVIDENCE OF LEAD SHOT PROBLEMS FOR
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Wildlife Species Ingesting Lead Sho
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Michigan Department of Environmenta
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102 Battaglia, A., S. Ghidini, G. C
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104 Friend, M. and J.C. Franson (ed
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106 Lemay, A., P. McNicholl, and R.
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108 Pain, D.J., I. Carter, A.W. Sai
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110 Tsuji, L.S., & N. Nieboer. 1997
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SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME REFERENCE L
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SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME REFERENCE L
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NONTOXIC AND LEAD SHOT LITERATURE R
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Brown, C.S., J.Luebbert, D. Mulcahy
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CWS (Canadian Wildlife Service). 19
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European Commission Enterprise Dire
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124 Haldimann, M., A. Baumgartner,
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Johansen, P., G. Asmund, and F. Rig
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Lance, V.A., T.R. Horn, R.M. Elsey
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Mateo, R., M. Rodríguez-de la Cruz
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Ochiai, K., T. Kimura, K. Uematsu,
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Rocke, T. E., C. J. Brand, and J. G
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Sleet, R. B., and J. H. Soares, Jr.
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USEPA (United States Environmental
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140 - Reviews the international env
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142 - Summarizes current scientific
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144 Cummings School of Veterinary M
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146 - Lead poisoning of wildlife oc
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Lance, V.A., T.R. Horn, R.M. Elsey
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150 Michigan Department of Natural
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152 - Although all visible pellets
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154 Thomas, V. G., and Owen, M. 199
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SUPPORT FOR, ATTITUDES TOWARD, AND
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Statewide Estimates The study sampl
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Table 1: Response rates for each ma
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Table 7: Mean beliefs about and eva
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Protecting wildlife from lead poiso
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The southern portion of Minnesota i
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Although our domestic sheep weighed
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1 I 'T 'l 170 Figure 1. General loc
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172 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Stu
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Executive Summary The purpose of th
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Table S-1: Gauge of shotgun used mo
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Support for/Oppositio
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Figure S-8: Concern a
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Conclusions 182 These survey result
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184 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Stu
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Acknowledgements This study was a c
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Introduction Study Purpose and Obje
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Bohrnstedt and Mee, 2002, p. 414).
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Section 1: Small Game Hunting Activ
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Table 1-1: Proportion of respondent
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Table 1-7: How often do you hunt wi
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Table 1-13: Involvement in small ga
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Table 1-29: Involvement With and Co
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Section 2: Shotgun and Shot Prefere
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Table 2-4: Gauge of shotgun used mo
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Table 2-10: Type of shot used most
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Table 2-16: Number of boxes of shel
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Table 2-22: Number of boxes of shel
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Section 3: Beliefs, Attitudes, and
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218 Respondents were asked to indic
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Table 3-4: Beliefs about using lead
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Table 3-10: Beliefs about using lea
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Table 3-16: Likelihood that banning
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Table 3-22: Likelihood that banning
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Table 3-28: How good or bad is the
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Table 3-34: How good or bad is the
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Table 3-40: Belief about whether MY
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Table 3-46: Belief about whether TH
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Table 3-52: I want to do what DUCKS
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Section 4: Trust in the Minnesota D
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Media Resources Table 4-4: Trust in
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Media Resources Table 4-10: Trust a
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Media Resources Table 4-16: Trust a
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Section 5: Environmental Values Env
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Table 5-5: Environmental values: Th
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Table 5-13: Environmental values: H
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Table 5-19: I am concerned about en
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References Cited Dillman, D. (2000)
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Appendix A: Survey Instrument Small
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Q4. How many boxes of shells (25 to
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Nationwide there is concern about t
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Q16. Next we would like to know how
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Q18. Next we would like to know how
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Q 21. People are generally concerne
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268 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Com
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Acknowledgements 270 This study was
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Nationwide there is concern about t
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Figure S-2: Perceived narrative qua
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Figure S-5: Agreement with message
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Figure S-9: Importance of self-dire
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Conclusions 280 Our results suggest
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282 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Com
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Acknowledgements 284 This study was
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Introduction Study Purpose and Obje
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Games-Howell post-hoc test over oth
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Section 1: Message Quality Responde
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Section 1: Message Quality Table 1-
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Section 1: Message Quality Figure 1
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Section 2: Factual Versus Narrative
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Section 2: Factual Versus Narrative
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Section 3: Message Involvement Tabl
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Section 3: Message Involvement Tabl
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Section 4: Message Evaluation Table
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Section 4: Message Evaluation Table
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Section 5: Agreement With Message R
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Section 6: Values Table 6-1: How im
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324 Section 7: Background Informati
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Section 7: Background Information T
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Section 8: Model Development Based
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References Cited Areni, C. S. (2003
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Appendix C: Treatment Messages Cont
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Appendix C: Treatment Messages Trea
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Appendix C: Treatment Messages 336
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Appendix D: Survey Instrument Q1. P
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Appendix D: Survey Instrument Q5. W
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Appendix D: Survey Instrument BACKG
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Appendix D: Survey Instrument Thank
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MOOSE POPULATION DYNAMICS IN NORTHE
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aerial survey. Manuscripts discussi
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The complete HCP describes in some
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Table 1. Incidents of Canada lynx t
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ECOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF
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Trapping We trapped in the NW study
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Table 1. Causes of mortality of rad
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Table 5. Black bear cubs examined i
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Bone growth and weight gain were de
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FISHER AND MARTEN DEMOGRAPHY AND HA
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(fisher: 30 mg/kg ketamine and 3 mg
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We also deployed a Reconyx PC85 rem
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372 Olson, C. 2006. 2005 small mamm
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Figure 1. Fisher and marten study a
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may benefit management programs for
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378 area that were accessible by pu
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Table 1. A priori models for explai
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Table 3. Parameter estimates averag
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Probability of occupancy 1.0 0.8 0.
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IDENTIFYING PLOTS FOR SURVEYS OF SH
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ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP OF CONIF
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preliminary descriptions of seasona
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head/neck position on collar perfor
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395 White-tailed deer ecology and m
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Number of missed locations 45 40 35
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MANAGEMENT-FOCUSED RESEARCH NEEDS O
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egions ranked forest stand improvem
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Table 2. Forest management activiti
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Table 3. Forest management activiti
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Table 3 continued. 407 Fire break d
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Appendix 1. Survey of management-fo
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Percent agreed needs evaluation (%)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 413 EXECUTIVE SUM
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415 remain intact. New biological c
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1. INTRODUCTION The most comprehens
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• melting sea ice reduces the Ear
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• With precipitation concentrated
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oomers begin to pass their 85 th bi
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3. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LAN
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Currie (2001) and Hansen et al. (20
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Prairie Parkland (Figure 1, MNDNR 2
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undulating plains with deep glacial
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433 If conditions in the Laurentian
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435 carbon pool and should not be o
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Animal species associated with mesi
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increase the primary productivity o
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Warmer, drier conditions could excl
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443 hydroperiods for temporary wetl
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The Minnesota Department of Natural
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taken to manage the unavoidable imp
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• Dedicate 1 new FTE position at
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contributions to shallow lake eutro
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Busby, W. H., and W. R. Brecheisen.
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III to the Fourth Assessment Report
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MNDNR. 2005b. Field guide to the na
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Poiani, K. A., W. C. Johnson, and T
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Westcott, P. C. 2007. U.S. ethanol
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463 Northern Southern Eastern Weste
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Scientific Name Common Name LMF Pro
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Horned grebe Podiceps auritus Louis
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MINNESOTA’S RING-NECKED DUCK BREE
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Estimated Pair Density Mean pair de
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LITERATURE CITED 473 SAS. 1999. SAS
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Table 2. Sampling rates by Ecologic
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Table 4. Estimated indicated breedi
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479
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# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
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MOVEMENTS, SURVIVAL, AND REFUGE USE
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prior to hunting season were simila
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Figure 1. Ring-necked duck study ar
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INFLUENCE OF FISH, AGRICULTURE, AND
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Mechanisms structuring characterist
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Chemical Properties and Water Quali
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Submerged Aquatic Plants Submerged
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At a broad scale, wetland and shall
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Table 1. Relative abundance (mean w
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Number of Fish 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
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Total # Captured a) 50 40 30 20 10
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Relative Units 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a)
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THRESHOLDS AND STABILITY OF ALTERNA
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MANAGEMENT-FOCUSED RESEARCH NEEDS O
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Table 1. Survey questions for wetla
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VARIANCE OF STRATIFIED SURVEY ESTIM
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EXPLORING MIGRATION DATA USING INTE
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Forest Research Group Publications
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Roy Nielsen, C., and C. K. Nielsen.
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