2007 Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings - Minnesota State ...

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Table 5. Black bear cubs examined in dens of radiocollared mothers in Voyageurs National Park during March, 1999–2007. All adult collared females were killed by hunters in fall 2007, so there are no data for 2008. Year Litters checked No. of cubs Mean cubs/litter % Male cubs Mortality after 1 yr a 1999 5 8 1.6 63% 20% 2000 2 5 2.5 60% 80% 2001 3 4 1.3 50% 75% 2002 0 0 — — — 2003 5 13 2.6 54% 8% 2004 0 0 — — — 2005 5 13 2.6 46% 20% 2006 1 2 2.0 50% 0% 2007 3 9 3.0 44% — Overall 24 54 2.3 52% 28% a Cubs that were absent from their mother’s den as yearlings were considered dead. Blanks indicate no cub mortality data because no cubs were born to collared females. Table 6. Black bear cubs examined in dens of radiocollared mothers in Northwestern Minnesota during March, 2007–2008. Year Litters checked No. of cubs Mean cubs/litter % Male cubs Mortality after 1 yr a 2007 2 6 3.0 33% 100% b 2008 4 12 3.0 67% — Overall 6 18 3.0 56% — a Cubs that were absent from their mother’s den as yearlings were considered dead. b Only one 5-cub litter was monitored, and all the cubs died (mother produced a litter of 4 cubs the next year). No. captured 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 May 22- 31 June 1- 7 June 8- 14 June 15 - 2 1 June 22-30 July 1- 7 July 8- 14 Females Males July 15 - 2 1 July 22- 31 Figure 1. Trapping success in new study area in Northwestern Minnesota, May-Aug, 2008. 362
RESPONSE IN SKELETAL GROWTH AND BODY MASS OF JUVENILE AMERICAN BLACK BEARS TO PERIODS OF SEVERE FOOD SHORTAGE 1 Karen V. Noyce, David L. Garshelis, and John Fieberg SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Across much of their range, American black bears (Ursus americanus) experience periodic and sometimes severe food shortages due to stochastic variation in wild fruit and nut production. Adult bears typically show little or no lasting effect from year-to-year fluctuations in food abundance, though females may sacrifice reproduction following years of particularly poor foods. However, young bears must maintain skeletal and muscular growth through unpredictable times, in addition to building fat reserves each year for hibernation; their ability to do so certainly affects their age of maturity (Noyce and Garshelis 1994) and may have longer-term repercussions. Hence, food conditions may have both short and long term effects on population growth and dynamics. Captive studies have shown that young bears gain lean body mass in direct proportion to their protein intake, whereas they accumulate fat in proportion to total calories ingested (Felicetti et al. 2003). In north-central Minnesota, most protein-rich bear foods (e.g. emergent greens, insects, deer fawns) are reliably available every year, particularly in the spring and early summer. In contrast, high-calorie fruit and nuts are typically not available until mid-late summer and are notoriously inconsistent in production (Noyce and Coy 1990). We postulated that if growth in stature occurs mostly before mid-summer, then age-specific growth should be relatively consistent from year to year, independent of mast availability. In contrast, weight gain from fat accumulation should more closely reflect year-specific mast availability. If skeletal growth continues through the summer, however, it also should reflect mast abundance, as late summer protein-poor foods like berries can meet the dual requirements of growth and fattening only if consumed in large enough quantities. We investigated the impact of 3 years of severe food shortage (1985, 1990, 1995) on growth and weight gain in juvenile black bears during a 2+-decade study of black bear population dynamics in north-central Minnesota. We trapped and radiocollared bears during May-July most years and handled radiocollared individuals in their winter dens in December and/or February-March each year. We measured total length, skull length, zygomatic girth, and length of humerus and ulna. We report results here for skull length, which appeared to be the most precise of the measurements and the one least affected by the fatness of the bear. We used a mixed model approach to derive population growth curves (Pinheiro et al. 2007), incorporating effects of sex, individual variation among bears and habitat (upland or lowland). We modeled separate growth curves for males and females living in upland habitats, where foods tended to be more abundant, and neighboring lowlands, where foods were typically less available. We documented abundance of natural foods via an annual survey of wildlife managers and other field personnel, in which they rated the productivity, relative to average, of 14 types of wild berries and nuts each year. ______________________ 1 Summary of oral paper presented at the 18 th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Monterrey, Mexico, November 2007. 363
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Summaries of Wildlife Research Find
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September 2008 State of Minnesota,
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The value of farm programs for prov
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Understanding variations in autumn
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MANAGING BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN WHI
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3 the lungs or chest cavity that we
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" Winter 2007 Deer Removal Location
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METHODS The MNDNR planned to sample
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Table 1. Bird species sampled for h
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Table 2 continued. Northern Pintail
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Blood was centrifuged and serum was
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Liver and Lung Culture A total of 1
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Positive results indicate exposure
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ESTIMATING WHITE-TAILED DEER ABUNDA
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or 2 quadrats. As a result, associa
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Table 1. Deer population and densit
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OBJECTIVE • To estimate density a
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35 Figure 1. Locations of trail cam
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EA hunters, identified in MNDNR 200
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percentage of EA hunters harvesting
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Deer harvested per 100 hunters 60 5
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FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION INDICE
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following the first listening perio
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Table 1. Pheasant crowing and roads
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Index (males/stop) 4.00 3.00 2.00 1
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feeders (52%), depredation in cattl
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Table 3. Response for question 3: S
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Table 7. Responses for question 7:
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Table 10. Responses for question 10
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4. Do you need more information on
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EVIDENCE OF WILD TURKEYS IN MINNESO
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the upper valleys of the Mississipp
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68 Hoy, P. R. 1882. The larger wild
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71 songbirds, lagomorphs, rodents,
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73 (Cleary 1994). The first method
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Function #7: Public Relations with
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77 Evrard, J.O. 2000. Overwinter fo
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79 Murphy, R.K., N.F. Payne and R.K
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METHODS 81 We selected 36 study are
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Hens were relatively abundant durin
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85 Gabbert, A. E., A. P. Leif, J. R
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Table 3. Pheasant population indice
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Pheasants/100 Miles Pheasants/100 M
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RESULTS Thirty-six respondents comp
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Table 1. Mean rank (1 most importan
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EVIDENCE OF LEAD SHOT PROBLEMS FOR
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Wildlife Species Ingesting Lead Sho
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Michigan Department of Environmenta
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102 Battaglia, A., S. Ghidini, G. C
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104 Friend, M. and J.C. Franson (ed
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106 Lemay, A., P. McNicholl, and R.
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108 Pain, D.J., I. Carter, A.W. Sai
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110 Tsuji, L.S., & N. Nieboer. 1997
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SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME REFERENCE L
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SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME REFERENCE L
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NONTOXIC AND LEAD SHOT LITERATURE R
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Brown, C.S., J.Luebbert, D. Mulcahy
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CWS (Canadian Wildlife Service). 19
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European Commission Enterprise Dire
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124 Haldimann, M., A. Baumgartner,
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Johansen, P., G. Asmund, and F. Rig
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Lance, V.A., T.R. Horn, R.M. Elsey
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Mateo, R., M. Rodríguez-de la Cruz
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Ochiai, K., T. Kimura, K. Uematsu,
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Rocke, T. E., C. J. Brand, and J. G
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Sleet, R. B., and J. H. Soares, Jr.
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USEPA (United States Environmental
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140 - Reviews the international env
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142 - Summarizes current scientific
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144 Cummings School of Veterinary M
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146 - Lead poisoning of wildlife oc
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Lance, V.A., T.R. Horn, R.M. Elsey
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150 Michigan Department of Natural
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152 - Although all visible pellets
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154 Thomas, V. G., and Owen, M. 199
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SUPPORT FOR, ATTITUDES TOWARD, AND
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Statewide Estimates The study sampl
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Table 1: Response rates for each ma
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Table 7: Mean beliefs about and eva
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Protecting wildlife from lead poiso
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The southern portion of Minnesota i
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Although our domestic sheep weighed
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1 I 'T 'l 170 Figure 1. General loc
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172 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Stu
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Executive Summary The purpose of th
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Table S-1: Gauge of shotgun used mo
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Support for/Oppositio
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Figure S-8: Concern a
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Conclusions 182 These survey result
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184 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Stu
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Acknowledgements This study was a c
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Introduction Study Purpose and Obje
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Bohrnstedt and Mee, 2002, p. 414).
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Section 1: Small Game Hunting Activ
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Table 1-1: Proportion of respondent
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Table 1-7: How often do you hunt wi
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Table 1-13: Involvement in small ga
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Table 1-29: Involvement With and Co
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Section 2: Shotgun and Shot Prefere
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Table 2-4: Gauge of shotgun used mo
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Table 2-10: Type of shot used most
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Table 2-16: Number of boxes of shel
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Table 2-22: Number of boxes of shel
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Section 3: Beliefs, Attitudes, and
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218 Respondents were asked to indic
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Table 3-4: Beliefs about using lead
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Table 3-10: Beliefs about using lea
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Table 3-16: Likelihood that banning
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Table 3-22: Likelihood that banning
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Table 3-28: How good or bad is the
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Table 3-34: How good or bad is the
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Table 3-40: Belief about whether MY
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Table 3-46: Belief about whether TH
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Table 3-52: I want to do what DUCKS
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Section 4: Trust in the Minnesota D
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Media Resources Table 4-4: Trust in
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Media Resources Table 4-10: Trust a
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Media Resources Table 4-16: Trust a
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Section 5: Environmental Values Env
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Table 5-5: Environmental values: Th
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Table 5-13: Environmental values: H
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Table 5-19: I am concerned about en
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References Cited Dillman, D. (2000)
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Appendix A: Survey Instrument Small
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Q4. How many boxes of shells (25 to
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Nationwide there is concern about t
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Q16. Next we would like to know how
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Q18. Next we would like to know how
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Q 21. People are generally concerne
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268 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Com
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Acknowledgements 270 This study was
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Nationwide there is concern about t
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Figure S-2: Perceived narrative qua
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Figure S-5: Agreement with message
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Figure S-9: Importance of self-dire
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Conclusions 280 Our results suggest
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282 Small Game Hunter Lead Shot Com
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Acknowledgements 284 This study was
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Introduction Study Purpose and Obje
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Games-Howell post-hoc test over oth
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Section 1: Message Quality Responde
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Section 1: Message Quality Table 1-
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Section 1: Message Quality Figure 1
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Section 2: Factual Versus Narrative
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Section 2: Factual Versus Narrative
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Section 3: Message Involvement Tabl
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Section 3: Message Involvement Tabl
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Section 4: Message Evaluation Table
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Section 4: Message Evaluation Table
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Section 5: Agreement With Message R
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Section 5: Agreement With Message R
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Page 326 and 327: Section 6: Values Table 6-1: How im
Page 332 and 333: 324 Section 7: Background Informati
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Page 336 and 337: Section 8: Model Development Based
Page 338 and 339: References Cited Areni, C. S. (2003
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Page 346 and 347: Appendix D: Survey Instrument Q1. P
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Page 350 and 351: Appendix D: Survey Instrument BACKG
Page 352 and 353: Appendix D: Survey Instrument Thank
Page 354 and 355: MOOSE POPULATION DYNAMICS IN NORTHE
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Page 364 and 365: ECOLOGY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF
Page 366 and 367: Trapping We trapped in the NW study
Page 368 and 369: Table 1. Causes of mortality of rad
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Page 374 and 375: FISHER AND MARTEN DEMOGRAPHY AND HA
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Page 380 and 381: 372 Olson, C. 2006. 2005 small mamm
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Page 384 and 385: may benefit management programs for
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Page 388 and 389: Table 1. A priori models for explai
Page 390: Table 3. Parameter estimates averag
Page 393 and 394: Probability of occupancy 1.0 0.8 0.
Page 395 and 396: IDENTIFYING PLOTS FOR SURVEYS OF SH
Page 397 and 398: ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP OF CONIF
Page 399 and 400: preliminary descriptions of seasona
Page 401 and 402: head/neck position on collar perfor
Page 403 and 404: 395 White-tailed deer ecology and m
Page 405 and 406: Number of missed locations 45 40 35
Page 407 and 408: MANAGEMENT-FOCUSED RESEARCH NEEDS O
Page 409 and 410: egions ranked forest stand improvem
Page 411 and 412: Table 2. Forest management activiti
Page 413 and 414: Table 3. Forest management activiti
Page 415 and 416: Table 3 continued. 407 Fire break d
Page 417 and 418: Appendix 1. Survey of management-fo
Page 419 and 420: Percent agreed needs evaluation (%)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 413 EXECUTIVE SUM
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415 remain intact. New biological c
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1. INTRODUCTION The most comprehens
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• melting sea ice reduces the Ear
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• With precipitation concentrated
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oomers begin to pass their 85 th bi
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3. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LAN
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Currie (2001) and Hansen et al. (20
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Prairie Parkland (Figure 1, MNDNR 2
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undulating plains with deep glacial
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433 If conditions in the Laurentian
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435 carbon pool and should not be o
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Animal species associated with mesi
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increase the primary productivity o
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Warmer, drier conditions could excl
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443 hydroperiods for temporary wetl
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The Minnesota Department of Natural
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taken to manage the unavoidable imp
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• Dedicate 1 new FTE position at
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contributions to shallow lake eutro
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Busby, W. H., and W. R. Brecheisen.
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III to the Fourth Assessment Report
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MNDNR. 2005b. Field guide to the na
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Poiani, K. A., W. C. Johnson, and T
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Westcott, P. C. 2007. U.S. ethanol
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463 Northern Southern Eastern Weste
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Scientific Name Common Name LMF Pro
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Horned grebe Podiceps auritus Louis
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MINNESOTA’S RING-NECKED DUCK BREE
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Estimated Pair Density Mean pair de
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LITERATURE CITED 473 SAS. 1999. SAS
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Table 2. Sampling rates by Ecologic
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Table 4. Estimated indicated breedi
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479
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# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
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MOVEMENTS, SURVIVAL, AND REFUGE USE
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prior to hunting season were simila
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Figure 1. Ring-necked duck study ar
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INFLUENCE OF FISH, AGRICULTURE, AND
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Mechanisms structuring characterist
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Chemical Properties and Water Quali
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Submerged Aquatic Plants Submerged
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At a broad scale, wetland and shall
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Table 1. Relative abundance (mean w
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Number of Fish 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
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Total # Captured a) 50 40 30 20 10
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Relative Units 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a)
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THRESHOLDS AND STABILITY OF ALTERNA
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MANAGEMENT-FOCUSED RESEARCH NEEDS O
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Table 1. Survey questions for wetla
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VARIANCE OF STRATIFIED SURVEY ESTIM
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EXPLORING MIGRATION DATA USING INTE
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Forest Research Group Publications
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Roy Nielsen, C., and C. K. Nielsen.
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