LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF ... - Drake University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Behavioral Theory; (4) Transactional Leadership Theory; (5) Transformational Theory; and (6) Process Leadership Theory. Great Man Theory The search for the common traits of leadership goes back centuries. Most cultures need heroes to define their successes and to justify their failures. In 1847, Thomas Carlyle proclaimed on behalf of heroes that "universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at the bottom of the history of the great men who have worked here" (Carlyle, 184711 993). Carlyle purported in his "great man theory" that leaders are born and that only those men who are blessed with heroic qualities could ever emerge as leaders. Great men were born, not made. The theory makes no mention of "great women." This is due to the reality that in those days virtually all acknowledged leaders were men, not women. The American philosopher, Sidney Hook, expanded on Carlyle's thinking and proposed the impact which could be made by the eventful man vs. the even-making man (Hook, 1943). He suggested that the eventful man happened to be involved in a historic situation, but didn't really determine its course. On the other hand, he believed that the actions of the event-making man influenced the course of events, which might have been vastly different had he not been involved. The event- making man's actions were "the consequences of outstanding capacities
of intelligence, will and character rather than the actions of distinction" (MacGregor Burns, 2003, p. 11). Some leaders however, were revealed to be morally flawed, as was the case with Hitler, Napoleon, and the like. For that reason, the Great Man Theory fell out of favor. These 'great men' became outmoded and stifled the growth of organizations. "The passing years have.. .given the coup de grace to another force that has retarded democratization - the 'great man' who with brilliance and farsightedness could preside with dictatorial powers as the head of a growing organization" (Slater & Bennis, 1990, p. 170). Leadership theory then progressed from beliefs that leaders are born or are destined to be in their role at that certain time to a consideration of certain traits that predict a potential for leadership. Trait Theory The development of the trait theory of leadership evolved in the United States in the early 20" century. The early theorists suggested that natural-born leaders possessed certain physical traits and personality characteristics which differentiated them from non-leaders. Trait theories did not make assumptions about whether leadership traits were inherited or acquired (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991). Jenkins identified emergent traits (those which are heavily dependent upon heredity) as height, intelligence, attractiveness, and self-confidence. Effectiveness traits (dependent upon experience or learning), including charisma, were also identified as key 12
Page 1 and 2: LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF HOSPI
Page 3 and 4: LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF HOSPI
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Conducting researc
Page 7 and 8: 3 . METHOD ........................
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table Page 1 . Rokea
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures Figure Page 1 . Use
Page 13 and 14: needs of the present. Research fund
Page 15 and 16: programs at the university, for-pro
Page 17 and 18: 1996; Yammarino, 1999), little info
Page 19 and 20: and throughout the state to address
Page 21: Chapter 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Page 25 and 26: Research showed that no traits were
Page 27 and 28: team of highly motivated and skille
Page 29 and 30: extrinsic rewards. Theory X leaders
Page 31 and 32: establish ground rules; (2) support
Page 33 and 34: Transactional LeadershipTheory By t
Page 35 and 36: ealization of self interests and th
Page 37 and 38: them toward higher and more univers
Page 39 and 40: 7. Communicate a clear vision of th
Page 41 and 42: 1990s. Servant leaders were encoura
Page 43 and 44: This research has resulted in a com
Page 45 and 46: training, and the control group of
Page 47 and 48: transactional and transformational
Page 49 and 50: leadership style correlates with su
Page 51 and 52: development, personal experience, s
Page 53 and 54: shared. Women believe people perfor
Page 55 and 56: A study of 40 primary health center
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 3 METHOD Purpose of the Stu
Page 59 and 60: determine the CEO's perception of l
Page 61 and 62: The hardiness survey assesses how m
Page 63 and 64: already see that the structure is m
Page 65 and 66: transformational factors correlate
Page 67 and 68: followers satisfy their needs. Ther
Page 69 and 70: Rokeach initially stated that value
Page 71 and 72: oth the terminal and instrumental d
Page 73 and 74:
associates with a preference (not r
Page 75 and 76:
Pearson's correlation coeRcient was
Page 77 and 78:
Chapter 4 ANALYSIS OF THE DATA lowa
Page 79 and 80:
eported a mean of 98.04 hours of le
Page 81 and 82:
Table 6 Mean and Standard Deviation
Page 83 and 84:
others in transformational and tran
Page 85 and 86:
Table 9 Pearson's Correlation Coeff
Page 87 and 88:
groups (50 years of age). Variabili
Page 89 and 90:
to the original hypotheses, transfo
Page 91 and 92:
'Table 14 Correlations Between Inst
Page 93 and 94:
Mean scores were compiled for each
Page 95 and 96:
Table 17 Gender Differences Related
Page 97 and 98:
(r = -.I 88, p>.05), a weak but sig
Page 99 and 100:
Table 21 Demographic Factors Relate
Page 101 and 102:
Table 23 MLQ Mean Scores of Leaders
Page 103 and 104:
The results related to organization
Page 105 and 106:
characteristics, should also contri
Page 107 and 108:
transactional. Furthermore, Volkman
Page 109 and 110:
This study extended the multi-item
Page 111 and 112:
100 activists and union members. In
Page 113 and 114:
(1 997) asserted that while females
Page 115 and 116:
statistically significant correlati
Page 117 and 118:
experience in a variety of settings
Page 119 and 120:
It is also important to note that o
Page 121 and 122:
110 4. Determine if hospital boards
Page 123 and 124:
Bass, B. M. (1 985). Leadership and
Page 125 and 126:
114 Bolman, L., & Deal, T. E. (1997
Page 127 and 128:
Eagly, A. (2003). Transformational,
Page 129 and 130:
Hater, J., & Bass, B. M. (1988). Su
Page 131 and 132:
Johnston, C. S. (1995). The Rokeach
Page 133 and 134:
Northouse, P. (2004). Leadership th
Page 135 and 136:
Wohlers, A., & London, M. (1989). R
Page 137 and 138:
16 . I make clear what one can expe
Page 139 and 140:
16 . Makes clear what one can expec
Page 141 and 142:
A Comfortable Life A prosperous lif
Page 143 and 144:
1 2- a little true 3- mostly true A
Page 145 and 146:
Dear Hospital CEO: APPENDIX F: CEO
show all

LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF ... - Drake University

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?