LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF ... - Drake University

groups (50 years of age). Variability occurred across
age and gender factors in the middle seven terminal values.
Table 1 1
Mean Scores of CEO Self-rated Terminal Values
Mean of Mean of Mean of Mean of Mean of
All CEOs Female Male CEOsc CEOsl
CEOs CEOs Age 50 Age 50
N 59 14 45 28 31
Family security 3.08 3.57 2.93 2.82 3.32
Health &
happiness 5.36 5.36 5.36 5.25 5.45
A sense of
accomplishment 5.98 5.00 6.29 5.68 6.26
Self-respect 6.05 6.36 5.96 7.1 1 5.1 0
Wisdom 6.86 7.36 6.71 7.89 5.94
Freedom 7.29 6.64 7.49 7.50 7.1 0
Salvation 7.75 6.86 8.02 7.14 8.29
Inner Harmony 8.27 8.71 8.1 3 8.21 8.32
True friendship 8.34 9.57 7.96 8.39 8.29
Mature love 9.12 7.79 9.53 8.89 9.32
A comfortable life 11.51 12.71 11.13 I li .29 11.71
An exciting life 11.53 I 1.43 1 1.56 1 1.64 I 1.42
Equality 12.10 12.00 12.1 3 12.57 11.68
A world at peace 12.64 1 1.93 12.87 12.50 12.77
Social recognition 13.34 13.21 13.38 13.43 13.26
National security 13.59 12.86 13.82 13.61 13.58
Pleasure 13.68 15.21 13.20 13.04 14.26
A world of beauty 14.14 13.93 14.20 13.71 14.52
Instrumental values (modes of behavior, means of achieving
terminal values) are reflected in Table 12. While CEOs collectively ranked
honesty, responsibility, capability, and courage as their top four
instrumental values, variability in these values was seen relative to age
and gender. Additionally, values that were ranked at the lowest levels of