LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF ... - Drake University

For research purposes the CEOs were be classified according to
hospital setting (rural or urban, rural referral, critical access) and hospital
size (according to annual hospital gross revenue). These factors were
determined using the most recent data made available to the public from
the lowa Hospital Association (lowa Hospital Association, 2003).
Measures
Two copyrighted measurements were used in this study. One was
used to assess leadership style and the other was used to determine self-
defined values of the CEO.
Multifacfor Leadership Questionnaire
The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire@ (MLQ)(Bass & Avolio, 1993), a
multi-rater assessment tool, measures the range of specific leadership
behaviors exhibited by an individual. The MLQ has been used in
leadership research since it was developed in 1985 (Bass). Bass and
Avolio(1989) attempted to define a "full range" of leadership from highly
transformational at one end to highly avoidant at the other end. Following
their review of empirical studies on the MLQ, Bass and Avolio (1 993)
concluded that:
The original structure presented by Bass (1 985) does still represent
conceptually and in many instances empirically, the factors of
transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership. But we
5 1