LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS OF ... - Drake University

leadership style correlates with subordinate satisfaction or organizational
success (Avolio & Bass, 1999; Bass, 1999; Lowe et at., 1996)
Leadership and Values
In the face of healthcare changes and increased demands, the role
of values-based leadership emerges as a critical factor. Pendleton and
King (2002) reviewed a number of studies related to leadership and values
and determined that
Values are deeply held views that act as guiding principles for
individuals and organizations. When they are declared and followed
they are the basis of trust. When they are left unstated they are
inferred from observable behavior. When they are stated and not
followed the trust is broken (p. 1352).
According to Maslow (1 954), as individuals move from one level of
their hierarchy to the next, their attitudes, perceptions, and values change
in accordance with their new needs. Thus, values are inherently positive
constructs and are considered to function as a base from which attitudes
and behaviors flow (McCarty & Shrum, 2000). Rokeach defines a value as
"an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of
existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse
mode of conduct or end-state of existence" (Rokeach, 1973, p. 5).
Several studies over the past decade have indicated the power of
organizations' and individuals' values in performance improving. Collins
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